[pt] Leis e regulamentos afetam o desenvolvimento de software, já que freqüentemente exigem mudanças nos requisitos de software para proteger indivíduos e empresas em relação à segurança, privacidade, governança, sustentabilidade e muito mais. Requisitos legais podem ditar novos requisitos ou restringir os existentes. O problema da conformidade de software é como garantir que o software esteja em conformidade com as normas impostas pela legislação. O problema é particularmente desafiador porque combina etapas difíceis: 1) analisar documentos legais, 2) extrair requisitos desses documentos, 3) identificar requisitos conflitantes com aqueles já implementados em software e 4) garantir que o software permaneça compatível mesmo com as alterações. A conformidade é um processo contínuo: as leis, o software e o contexto no qual o sistema de software opera mudam continuamente. Os trabalhos que lidam com o problema de conformidade concentram-se apenas em um ou dois assuntos: analisar documentos legais ou extrair requisitos ou identificar conflitos ou mudanças. Esta tese trata de todos os problemas ao mesmo tempo; a ideia é extrair requisitos do texto legal, compará-los com o requisito de software, resolver os possíveis conflitos que possam surgir, lidando continuamente as mudanças no ambiente, leis e requisitos. Para tanto, este trabalho propõe um framework que é composto por um processo de compliance e monitoramento contínuo das mudanças ambientais. O processo de conformidade suporta a identificação, extração, comparação e resolução de conflitos para ajudar na conformidade do software, produzindo um conjunto conforme de requisitos. O processo de conformidade é baseado na anotação semântica e no modelo de meta. A anotação semântica ajuda a extrair requisitos do arquivo, usando padrões. O modelo de meta é usado para ajudar na comparação entre requisitos e representar requisitos em uma especificação de requisitos formal e consistente. O processo é suportado por ferramentas; sendo algumas reutilizadas (Desiree e NomosT) para avançar cada etapa. Foi necessário adaptar as ferramentas para o contexto do processo de conformidade, criando diretrizes, padrões e heurísticas. O monitoramento contínuo está preocupado com as mudanças que afetam a conformidade do software e tem o mecanismo para garantir que, mesmo com essas mudanças, o software recupere a conformidade. O monitoramento da conformidade é baseado em agentes e requisitos não funcionais. Os agentes são representados usando em i, a idéia é mostrar a colaboração entre os agentes para garantir a conformidade contínua. A especificação de requisitos de como cada agente deve se comportar também foi gerada usando a linguagem Desiree e BPMN. O catálogo de Requisitos Não Funcionais é usado para ajudar a definir as operações para o reconhecimento de software. A validação do framework foi feita em duas partes: primeiro, o processo de compliance e após todo o framework proposto. Para o processo de conformidade, o esforço e a exatidão foram medidos comparando o uso do processo proposto e um método ad-hoc. Para todo o framework, foi usado o exemplo de monitoramento das mudanças no ambiente quando um carro automatizado cruza a fronteira entre Washington e o Canadá. A contribuição deste trabalho é a estrutura da Eunomia, que tem uma perspectiva de processo e modelo de metas, com ênfase no monitoramento que ajuda a lidar com o desafio da conformidade. O framework equipa a equipe de engenharia de requisitos com um método sistemático e suportado por ferramentas que pode ser reutilizado para reduzir o esforço de tempo e melhorar a qualidade da especificação de requisitos. / [en] Laws and regulation affect software development, as they frequently demand changes in software requirements to protect individuals and businesses regarding security, privacy, governance, sustainability and more. Legal requirements can dictate new requirements or constrain existing ones. The problem of software compliance is how to ensure that the software complies with the norms that the legislation imposes. The problem is particularly challenging because it combines difficultsteps: 1)analyze legal documents, 2) extract requirements from those documents, 3) identify conflictingrequirements with those already implemented in software and 4) ensure that software remains compliant even with the changes. Compliance is a continuous process: laws, software and the context within which software system operates changes continuously. The works dealing with the compliance problem focus only on one or two subjects: analyze legal documents or extract requirements or identify conflicts or changes. This thesis deals with all the problems at the same time; the idea is to extract requirements from legal text, compare them with the software requirement, resolve the possible conflicts that may arise, continuously leading with the changes on environment, laws and requirements. For this, this work proposes a framework that is composed of a compliance process and continuous monitoring of environmental changes. The framework deals with different types of laws (security, privacy, transparency, health care) that are represented in explicit norms. The compliance process supports the identification, extraction, comparison and conflict resolution to help software compliance, by producing a compliant set of requirements. The compliance process is based on the semantic annotation and goal model. The semantic annotation helps to extract requirements from thelaw, using patterns. The goal model is used to help the comparison between requirement and to represent requirements in a formal and consistent requirement specification. The process is tool supported; some tools were reused (Desiree and NomosT) to further each step. It was necessary to adapt the tools for the context of the compliance process, creating a guideline, patterns, and heuristics. The continuous monitoring is concerned about the changes that affect the software compliance and has presented using in i, the idea is to showthe collaboration between the agents to ensure the continuous compliance. The requirement specification of how each agent should behave was also generated using Business Process Modeling Notation and Desiree language. The Non Functional Requirements catalogue is used to help to define operalizations for the software awareness. The framework validation was made in two parts: first, the compliance process and after all the framework proposed. For the compliance process, the effort and correctness were measured comparing the use of the proposed process andan ad-hoc method. For the entire framework, the example of monitoring the changes in the environment when an automated car is crossing the border between Washington and Canada was used. The study shows that context has a strong influence on the software requirements, and nonconformity problems may incur penalties. The contribution of this work is the Eunomia framework that has a process and goal model perspective with emphasis on monitoring that helps to deal with the compliance challenge. The framework equips the requirements engineering team with a systematic method. Eunomia framework is a tool-supported and systematic process which can be reused to reduce the time effort and to improve the quality of the requirement specification that helps to create a compliant software requirement specification that is compliant over the time.

abstract: Perceptions of legitimacy are an important antecedent of rule-abiding behavior. However, most research on the link between legitimacy and compliance has focused on legal authorities (i.e., police, courts, and corrections). To help fill this gap, the present study investigates the relationship between students' perceptions of the legitimacy of institutional authority and compliance with a code of conduct in a university context. This study uses cross-sectional data from pencil-and-paper surveys administered to 517 individuals 18 years and older that were enrolled in 12 undergraduate classes at a large southwestern university. Results from the multivariate regression models show that procedural justice judgments are associated with perceived legitimacy. The evidence also supports the link between legitimacy and compliance in that the former is inversely related to students' behavioral intentions to cheat on an exam. However, legitimacy was not significantly associated with plagiarism. Overall, findings support the application of the process-based model of regulation to the university context in regards to academic misconduct. In addition to contributing to the process-based model literature, this study emphasizes the utility of the process-based model as a guide for the development of fair processes, in order to reduce the prevalence of student academic misconduct. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Criminology and Criminal Justice 2015

På grund av brister i lagstiftningen beslöt Europaparlamentet och EU:s ministerråd år 2016 att en ny förordning rörande hantering av personuppgifter skulle råda i Europeiska unionen från och med den 25 maj 2018. Denna förordning kallas GDPR och kommer ersätta PUL. Förordningen innehåller bland annat krav på principer som måste följas vid behandling av personuppgifter, de rättsliga grunder som användas för laglig personuppgiftsbehandling så som samtycke från den registrerade samt redogörelse för de olika ansvarsrollernars skyldigheter. GDPR kommer innebära att Datainspektionen får ett utökat uppdrag som bland annat kan resultera i utdömandet av höga sanktioner om behandlingen inte utförs i enlighet med förordningen. Uppsatsen fastställer gällande rätt vid behandling av personuppgifter efter GDPR, samt undersöker hur företag kan förbereda sig inför förändringen och hur många småföretag som faktiskt är förberedda en månad innan införandet. För att besvara syftet har i första hand en rättsdogmatisk metod använts. Denna har kompletterats med en kvalitativ undersökning. Den nya förordningen kommer att påverka alla företag, därav måste alla småföretag sätta in sig i de nya reglerna och undersöka hur de hanterar personuppgifter och hur de ska gå till väga för att hanteringen ska vara laglig. Två olika undersökningar presenteras, dels en undersökning utförd av Visma två månader innan GDPR träder i kraft, dels undersökning inom ramen för denna uppsats utförd en månad innan införandet av förordningen. Båda studierna pekar på att många småföretagare är dåligt förberedda och resultatet från den undersökning som utförts inom ramen för uppsatsen visar att många företag inte har satt sig in i de nya reglerna.

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Magister Curationis / A problem was identified at Aid for AIDS (AfA) whereby some doctors requested a change in treatment within less than a year after their patients started antiretroviral therapy. The requests were normally based on treatment failure. It appears that in most cases where the desired treatment outcome is not achieved is due to poor adherence to therapy. AfA is a HIV / AIDS disease management company offering access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), prevention of opportunistic infections, treatment and blood results monitoring, treatment support through adherence coordinators and expert clinical support and advice to healthcare providers. They monitor treatment adherence through claims history, CD4 and viral load (VL) results as well as telephonic contact with the client. Factors that could contribute to poor adherence are side - effects, barriers e.g. work environment, non - disclosure, lifestyle, lack of client commitment, limited contact between the client and treatment support counsellor, limited funds, stigmatisation and a lack of clear adherence guidelines to improve treatment outcome. Method: A comparative study was done to assess the impact of an intervention to improve patient adherence to ART. The researcher postulates that by the implementation of guidelines to counsellors, client adherence to therapy would increase. A comparative study was used to assess whether structured guidelines can improve client adherence to therapy. Results: The results have proven that guidelines used by treatment support counsellors does improve adherence to ART. Recommendations: It is recommended that treatment support counsellors, to improve their clients’ adherence to ART, should apply adherence guidelines. / South Africa

Compliance, the extent to which patients follow a medication regimen, has been recognized as one of the most serious problems facing medical practice today. Recent developments in assessing compliance include electronic compliance monitors (ECM), devices that record the date and time of the release of medication from its original container. This allows utilizing ECM compliance data in statistical analyses related to clinical trials. This thesis proposes ways of dealing with the time-varying nature of compliance. We examine the compliance behaviour from real ECM data through statistical analysis of compliance rate, followed by a time-to-event analysis with respect to first noncompliance event. Then, using discrete event simulation and proportional hazards models we compare analyses using a fixed treatment covariate and time-varying compliance covariate based on pharmacokinetic principles in estimating treatment effect. We observe a reduction of up to 40% in EMSE in favour of the latter model for treatment effect estimation.

Theses in the theoretical part deals with risk management and its concrete form in the banking sector. Closer it is aimed at an area of the implementation of measures against money laundering and terrorist financing (AML). The main task of AML consists in compliance with the legislative framework of the country where the bank operates. In the context of this regulation shall the bank obtain and keep information on a range of clients. The project, which is addressed in practical patr of the theses, is aimed at improving the system of collection and storage of data on clients in co-organization of J&T BANKA. The project is a computerized database application in MS Access, which allows bank staff to work efficiently with information on clients.

Failure to comply with prescribed regimens is a major reason for the failure of treatment programs. This study investigated factors which are related to compliance with prescribed diet revision therapy for food allergies in school-aged children. Forty-five children, aged 6 to 12 years, who were under a physician's care for food allergies, formed the sample. The Health Belief Model was used as the basis for a questionnaire devised to measure these factors. The development of the Diet Revision Therapy Parent Questionnaire involved a pilot test and revisions; the resulting instrument consists of 38 items organized into 4 subtests, of which one 7-item subtest is to be considered optional. The 38-item DRTPQ has a full scale internal consistency reliability of .87, and a composite reliability of .61 for the four subscales. The canonical correlation between 3 types of subjective ratings of compliance and the 4 subtests is .80, with 64% shared variance between these sets of variables. A discriminant function of 3 subtests of the DRTPQ proved capable of discriminating diet therapy dropouts from continuing subjects with 88.9% accuracy. These three subtests measured: 1. Parent and family life factors, such as the amount of perceived interference in normal routines, 2. Child's attitudes to the treatment and his/her normal behavior with respect to cooperation with parental demands, and 3. Belief in the benefits to be derived from the treatment. A fourth category of items measured perceived severity of the condition and perceived susceptibility to illness but proved not to predict compliance in this sample, although it may be useful in clinical practice. Suggestions for interventions to aid compliance are outlined. / Education, Faculty of / Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of / Graduate

Social support has been associated with reduced mortality and morbidity from a number of causes. To assess possible mechanisms of action relating to cardiovascular (CV) responsiveness, 90 male and female university students delivered a five-minute speech on a controversial topic to a same-sex laboratory confederate. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three conditions in which the confederate either (a) agreed with the subject, (b) remained impassive (neutral), or (c) disagreed with the subject. Blood pressure (SBP and DBP) and heart rate (HR.) were monitored throughout the experiment. Self-report measures of state self-esteem and affective state were taken pre- and post-task, and reactions to the task were assessed with post-task self-report measures. Subjects reported strong differences in supportiveness of the confederate in the three conditions. Self-report data indicated increase in arousal during the speech (a finding synchronous with CV data), and they reported the Disagree condition to be less pleasant than the Agree condition. CV data were analyzed as a 2 x 3 (sex by experimental condition) repeated measures ANOVA assessing changes from baseline to speech task. Sex differences on CV measures matched patterns generally reported: Men had higher SBP and lower HR than women. All CV measures increased significantly and substantially during the speech task. HR was higher in the Disagree and Neutral conditions than in the Agree condition. SBP and DBP did not differ by condition. There were no sex by condition interactions; however, there was a trend towards men’s HR increasing more in the neutral condition and women’ more in the disagree condition. These data partially support earlier findings in similar experiments while suggesting that subtleties of context, task selection, and content of supportive interaction may have significant impact on the degree to which social support attenuates CV response to social stressors. Unanswered questions for future research are delineated, and implications for designing and implementing interventions that enhance social support are discussed. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate

The control of communicable diseases in children is an important public health role. With the availability of effective vaccines, the conquest of many childhood diseases is possible. However, the success of the present immunization programs rests ultimately with the parents, who are responsible for ensuring that their children's immunization status is complete. Many factors can influence this parental compliance. The parents of kindergarten students in two suburban communities completed a questionnaire on immunizations and family characteristics. The questionnaire was constructed using items submitted from a panel of public health nurses and from the literature. A pretest was conducted.. The total' number of questionnaires returned by the deadline was 376. Data on preschool children's immunization status were also collected from health unit records. Analyses of the data included frequency distributions, contingency table analyses, factor analysis, and discriminant analysis. The major findings of the study were: 1. There was a difference between preschool children's recorded immunization status according to health unit statistics and the national standard. 2. There was a discrepancy between preschool children's immunization status as reported by parents and as recorded in health unit statistics. There was not a significant relationship between parental education level, family mobility, family socio-economic level, family composition, or parental knowledge of immunizations and preschool children's reported immunization status. 4. There was a significant relationship between a positive parental attitude toward immunization and completed preschool children's reported immunization status. 5. There was a significant relationship amongst the variables. High family mobility, a low educational level for the father, an incomplete parental immunization status, and a feeling of lack of knowledge about immunizations were discriminatory for a reported incomplete immunization status. As well mobility, education-income, family composition and attitude best accounted for the relationship amongst the variables on factor analysis Implications for nursing practise are discussed and recommendations for further research are suggested. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Nursing, School of / Graduate