No description available.

This thesis defines the term exploitation as it relates to the style of a number of key American film titles that emerged during the 1960s and 1970s, concurrent with the fall of cinema censorship. These productions presented spectacles of convincing corporeality and the adaptation of film techniques which may be labelled ‘realist'. The key films of this thesis will be argued to comprise a cinematic movement that can be labelled exploitation. The first part of this thesis will outline the time period of this study and the methodology used; based upon the historical and comparative writing on the classic Hollywood era of cinema initiated by David Bordwell. Drawing upon Bordwell and other scholars who have engaged with what the Academy recognises as the ‘new film history' (such as Eric Schaefer and his discussion of the classic exploitation film), I will introduce the work of André Bazin and argue that his writing on cinema realism can be attributed and understood as a style of filmmaking. This style is appropriated by exploitation insofar as similar, minimalist representations of modernity were brought to American cinema, albeit presented in generic narratives. The second part of this thesis will look at each of the key exploitation genres in detail: blaxploitation, exploitation-horror and sexploitation. I will engage with previous writing on what may be deemed ‘marginal' cinema and argue that each of the genres discussed in this thesis contain films that approach taboo subject matter with an oppositional approach to their Hollywood ‘other'. This point is especially relevant insofar as exploitation reveals images of physical horror and sexuality that the mainstream hides. In conclusion, this thesis hopes to bring a more contained and studied look at ‘marginal' cinema to the Academy and to give a definition of exploitation that will influence and inspire future studies of the form.

No description available.

Faculty of Criminology, Justice and Policy Studies

Taking cognisance of the fact that SSFs the major producers of maize in Zambia were most affected by the 1991 agricultural policy reforms, from 2005 onward, the state became very active in the maize market and production systems in order to mitigate their problems. The main objective of this study is to investigate to what extent the maize policy changes have contributed to the SSFs’ vulnerability to exploitation. This information will be of use in the policy formulation process to ensure that the formulation of policies take a holistic approach to mitigation of the SSFs’ vulnerabilities. The study draws from political economy, peasant rationality and risk aversion theories to explain the phenomenon under study. Qualitative research methodology was used to collect and analyse both the secondary and the primary data. The study indicates that the prevailing dual system where the state marketing system exists side by side with the private sector has resulted in forms of exploitation which can broadly be classified as petty and structural forms of exploitation. Several factors could be said to exacerbate SSFs’ vulnerability to exploitation such as FRA’s delay in opening its marketing season; delays in paying the SSFs’ for their maize by government/FRA; lack of monitoring of the FRA buying agents’ activities; SSFs’ passivity, and incomplete information.

published_or_final_version / Politics and Public Administration / Master / Master of Philosophy

Drawing on studies of strategic dynamics and organizational change, this thesis proposes four approaches to balancing exploration and exploitation over time: Specialist, Cyclical, Irregular, and Regular. Various approaches to ambidexterity may be more effective under different environment conditions, and performance may vary along with: 1) varying types of rule change environments, 2) varying levels of competitive intensity among firms, 3) reactive versus proactive timing heuristics, and 4) varying levels of product diversification. Several hypotheses are developed and confirmed using qualitative field research and agent-based modeling. Results indicated that strategic leaders should balance their exploration and exploitation with Regular ambidexterity as their environments become dominated by competence enhancing innovation. Conversely, firms should temporally shift their balance of exploration and exploitation when competence-destroying changes dominate. In a balanced environment, Irregular ambidexterity performs best. These finding are especially relevant in highly competitive contexts. Also, proactive switching increases performance more than reactive switching, whereas diversification reduces the performance of sequential heuristics.

No description available.

Drawing on studies of strategic dynamics and organizational change, this thesis proposes four approaches to balancing exploration and exploitation over time: Specialist, Cyclical, Irregular, and Regular. Various approaches to ambidexterity may be more effective under different environment conditions, and performance may vary along with: 1) varying types of rule change environments, 2) varying levels of competitive intensity among firms, 3) reactive versus proactive timing heuristics, and 4) varying levels of product diversification. Several hypotheses are developed and confirmed using qualitative field research and agent-based modeling. Results indicated that strategic leaders should balance their exploration and exploitation with Regular ambidexterity as their environments become dominated by competence enhancing innovation. Conversely, firms should temporally shift their balance of exploration and exploitation when competence-destroying changes dominate. In a balanced environment, Irregular ambidexterity performs best. These finding are especially relevant in highly competitive contexts. Also, proactive switching increases performance more than reactive switching, whereas diversification reduces the performance of sequential heuristics.

Vad händer om de ständiga förbättringarna tar slut? Förmågan att ständigt utvecklas och förändras har i vårt samhälle och inom den svenska industrin blivit en allt viktigare konkurrensfördel för att skapa framgångsrika organisationer. Marknadsförändringar förekommer numera i en alltmer progressiv takt och det framstår att organisationer med ett gott kreativt klimat förmår att skapa goda förutsättningar för att hantera omvärldens föränderlighet. Kärnan för industriella organisationer är ytterst att upprätthålla en accepterad produktionstakt och samtidigt skapa ett kreativt klimat som ger goda förutsättningar för att utveckling kan frodas. Det råder en enighet om att organisationer med ett gott kreativt klimat som ger medarbetare stöd, möjlighet och utrymme att omsätta idéer till verklig nytta, skapar goda förutsättningar för organisationers utvecklingsförmåga. Lösningen blir således organisationers interna kreativa klimat och hur förutsättningar för att förhålla sig utvecklingsorienterad skapas, i en alltmer föränderlig miljö, med en tro på den enskilda medarbetares förmåga att ständigt utvecklas. Organisationer har således mycket att vinna på att förstå och kontinuerligt mäta skillnaden mellan det rådande kreativa klimatet och det eftertraktade klimatet. Syftet med den här fallstudien är att mäta en svensk industris kreativa klimat och undersöka vilka hinder och möjligheter organisationens ledare och medarbetare upplever i utvecklingsarbetet.  Ett sekundärt syfte är att bidra till en ökad förståelse av förutsättningarna för en utvecklingsorienterad organisation i en industriell kontext genom att undersöka, utvärdera och analysera komplexiteten av utvecklingsarbetet. Studien visar en diskrepans i det kreativa klimatet mellan organisationens befintliga avdelningar och uppmuntrar till ytterligare forskning för att åskådliggöra de kausala relationerna.