Thesis (M.Phil. (Environmental Law and Management)) --University of Limpopo, 2009 / In this study hazardous waste is defined as well as its classes.The current status of hazardous waste management, available legislation,enforcement and minimum requirements are discussed.Hazardous waste chemicals produced at University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus),their amounts and their management were determined.They are compared to minimum requirements from Department of Water Affairs and Forestry.Other Universities hazardous waste management programmes were looked at.

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Includes bibliographical references.

The human health effects of acute exposure to high levels of ionizing radiation are well understood; however, when these irradiations occur at low levels, there is controversy as to their potential health threat (BEIR V, 1990). For individuals living in areas where the level of naturally occurring background radiation is relatively high, the issue of additional exposure to anthropogenically derived sources of ionizing radiation may be of some concern. This study investigates the presence of radionuclides in surface soils near a United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Superfund site near Pocatello, Idaho, where two phosphorus production facilities have operated for more than fifty years. It is hypothesized that airborne particulates from these facilities are migrating into a residential community, and are accumulating in the uppermost soil layers. Soil samples were collected from seven sites located between 1.3 and 6.7 km along a transect aligned with the prevailing downwind direction. The transect origin lies at the northern boundary of the Superfund site, and the sites were selected for their ease of public access. Samples were collected at four different 2.5 cm depths (10 cm total) for each site, and these samples were analyzed for their gamma emissions. Statistical evaluations of the sample data yielded results of no significant difference in nuclide concentrations between soil layers, or between sample sites (��=0.05). This investigation corroborates the EPA discovery that nuclide concentrations in surface soils decrease rapidly beyond 1 km from the site boundary. This study extends the available information regarding the presence of radionuclides in off-site surface soils by approximately 4 km in the prevailing downwind direction. Additionally, these data appear to contradict the EPA's conclusion that no residential exposure is occurring via a surface soil pathway. This investigation finds that surface soil exposures, at locations such as public parks and schools, may be occurring from radionuclide concentrations that are as high as 4 times that of published background radiation levels. / Graduation date: 2002

The move from hazardous waste management to pollution prevention is viewed as a paradigm shift in American industry. Pollution prevention involves source reduction to reduce the amount of hazardous waste that is generated, and recycling of those wastes that cannot be prevented within the production process. The first piece of federal pollution prevention legislation was enacted in 1990. Subsequently, six states have passed similar laws that require industries producing hazardous waste to shift to less polluting practices. The Oregon Toxics Use Reduction and Hazardous Waste Reduction Act of 1989 requires businesses to develop and implement a hazardous waste reduction plan that reduces not only the amount of hazardous waste generated, but also the type and amount of materials classified as "toxic". Within the geographical region of Oregon, California, Washington, Alaska, and Idaho, only four studies exist that have researched waste reduction opportunities in the automobile industry. The purpose of this study was: 1) to determine the number of Small Quantity Hazardous Waste Generators within the Oregon automobile dealership industry, 2) to determine the amount of used radiator coolant and used crankcase oil that is generated by Oregon dealerships (two waste streams that are not being tracked by the regulatory community), 3) to compare the waste disposal practices of urban and rural facilities, and 4) to develop a "Model" Toxics Use Reduction and Hazardous Waste Reduction Plan to be used in regional training sessions. Based on a 74% rate of return (160 out of 215 dealerships), the results indicated that the gross quantities of the materials investigated (solvents, used oil, and used antifreeze) were greater in urban dealerships. These differences were not significant when quantities of material were standardized to the number of repair orders written. Urban dealerships generate 0.462 gallons of used oil per repair order written and rural dealerships generate 0.481 gallons. Urban dealerships also generate 0.209 pounds of hazardous waste for each repair order while rural dealerships generate 0.412 pounds. The data were used to develop a "Model" Toxics Use Reduction and Hazardous Waste Reduction Plan for this industry. The plan, which was published by the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ), provides dealerships and the entire automobile repair industry with a step by step guideline to comply with Oregon law in reducing the amount of toxic materials used and hazardous waste generated. / Graduation date: 1994

Current evidence suggests that development and industrialization has engendered the manufacture and use of chemical products which may harm human health and degrade the environment. One of the most pressing environmental needs since World War II is perhaps the issue of how society either manages or mismanages hazardous wastes. The purpose of this study was to assess current management and disposal practices among Small Quantity Generators (SQG) and Conditionally Exempt Generators (CEG) in Benton County, Oregon. Study objectives included identification of the number of registered and nonregistered SQGs and CEGs, identification of the types of businesses, estimation of the quantities of hazardous wastes produced and used, and assessment of current levels of awareness among generators of hazardous wastes of pertinent regulations and safe environmental practices. A survey instrument was used to collect data during in-person interviews with representatives from a total of 48 businesses in Benton County. Findings indicated that the majority of both the registered (70%) and nonregistered (72.2%) businesses performed cleaning and degreasing activities at their business locations. Other activities, in order of importance, included fabrication, retail sales, manufacturing, and painting. With respect to the types of wastes produced or used, the majority of the respondents indicated the production or use of waste oils and aqueous liquids. Similarly, the majority of registered businesses (96.7%) indicated that they provided employee training in hazardous waste management. Asked to identify their method of disposal, both SQG and CEG respondents listed return to supplier, recycle on-site, treatment, storage and disposal facilities, garbage/landfills, evaporation, and sales of wastes, in order of importance, as their preferred method of disposal. Most of the respondents indicated that their principal recycled wastes were solvents and oils, followed by refrigerated gases and other products. The study also considered the influence of state and federal laws and regulations as applied to hazardous wastes, and whether or not these administrative rules created a problem for Benton County businesses. In contrast to prior studies which have indicated that among most businesses federal and state laws and regulations were regarded as too complex and inflexible, or who complained that lack of access to information or lack of time to remain informed served as significant constraints upon their ability to comply, the majority of Benton County businesses indicated "no problem" with the administrative rules. The conclusion of the study was that an overall comparison of Benton County SQGs and CEGs does not provide clear and convincing evidence that nonregistered businesses, by virtue of the regulatory exemption, practice illegal hazardous waste disposal and management procedures to a greater degree than the more fully regulated registered business. / Graduation date: 1993

Hazardous waste management demands detailed planning due to the risks posed by hazardous wastes on public and environment and high investments required. This study aims to provide a framework that leads Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF) in planning of hazardous waste facilities to be built. This framework considers the facility and transport cost along with impacts of hazardous waste management. The linear optimization models for several scenarios are developed in order to evaluate possible approaches in management of hazardous wastes. During cost calculations economy of scale principle is considered. Estimation of impact includes not only population impact but also environmental impact for which a methodology is developed in the scope of this study. This methodology considers the effect of hazardous waste transportation on lakes, rivers, dams, seashores, forests and agricultural areas, which are defined as vulnerable environmental elements. Evaluation of the results suggests that establishment of designated hazardous waste facilities with co-incineration practices and use of transfer stations give most satisfactory outcome. Co-incineration practices decrease incineration costs, which has the highest contribution to overall cost while transfer stations provide great improvement in total impact. Locations for recovery, treatment, incineration facilities and landfills are selected. These selections both confirm decisions made in the past regarding existing locations and become suggestions for locations for new facilities. It is observed that integrated facilities are favored. The importance of countrywide planning should also be underlined. It is believed that results of this study provides a basis to evaluate possible alternatives for further improvement of hazardous waste management system in Turkey that would be most useful to MoEF.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2000. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1998. / Trademark symbol follows Chemchar in title. Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 130). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1998. / Trademark symbol follows Chemchar in title. Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 130). Also available on the Internet.