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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
51

Potencial ornamental da flora nativa e fenologia de quatro espécies de campo de altitude, Urupema, Santa Catarina, Brasil / Ornamental potential of native flora and phenology of four species of altitude field, Urupema, Santa Catarina

Lemos, Angela Camila 29 July 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Claudia Rocha (claudia.rocha@udesc.br) on 2018-02-27T14:58:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PGPV16MA209.pdf: 5712412 bytes, checksum: 8b2731215560719c3583c42e4b347214 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-27T14:58:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGPV16MA209.pdf: 5712412 bytes, checksum: 8b2731215560719c3583c42e4b347214 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-29 / Capes / Brazil is still considered a country with mega biodiversity, which corresponds to 44.830000 plant species, and some plants have ornamental potential. Many of these ornamental species are not used, and not even known by the population, which can help to increase the introduction of exotic species. Knowledge of native ornamental flora is a key factor for their conservation and sustainable management of the species. The objectives of this study were to know the native ornamental flora in field areas and forest edge through floristic survey and carry out phenological monitoring of four species. The study was conducted in the Mixed Ombrophilous Forest High-Montana, in a Private Reserve of the State Natural Heritage (RPPNE - Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Estadual) Nascentes Farm, Urupema, SC. The property has a total area of 1367.43 hectares, located between the coordinates 27 52'37,33 "( South latitude) and 49 55 '14.39" (West longitude), with an altitude ranging from 1450 to 1750 meters and belongs to Klabin SA company. The weather is mild , humid, with well distributed rains throughout the period of the year and average annual rainfall of 1800 mm, the average annual temperature is 13 °C. The vegetation sampling was carried out from April/2015 to April/2016 in an area of approximately 32 hectares, adopting the traversal method, looking for specimens with ornamental potential. For phenological monitoring four species were selected: Callianthe fluviatilis (Vell.) Donnell (Malvaceae), Senecio icoglossus var. icoglossus, (Asteraceae), Sisyrinchium micranthum Cav. (Iridaceae) and Trichocline catharinensis Cabrera. The vegetative stages (sprouting and leaf fall) and reproductive (button, anthesis, unripe fruit and ripe fruit) of the species were biweekly accompanied from April 2015 to April 2016, using the qualitative method to evaluate each phenophase. They were made Spearman correlation analysis (rs) of phenophases with meteorological data, rainfall (mm), temperature (°C) and heat stroke (h), provided by EPAGRI /CIRAM. The floristic survey resulted in the registration of 23 families, 39 genera and 54 species with ornamental potential. The best represented families were Asteraceae (13 species), Iridaceae (5) and Lamiaceae (4) and for the other families, were recorded between the three species, Lythraceae, Solanaceae, and Verbenaceae (3) Apiaceae, Fabaceae, Melastomataceae, Onagraceae , Polygalaceae and Rubiaceae (2), Alstroemeriaceae Apocynaceae, Begoniaceae, Campanulaceae, Commelinaceae, Convolvulaceae, Eriocaulaceae, Lentibulariaceae, Liliaceae, Malvaceae and Orobanchaceae (1). The accompanied species presented flowering, fruiting, leaf fall and sprout in the studied months. The correlation analyzes showed that Callianthe fluviatilis species correlated with ripe fruit and insolation (r = 0.64; p = 0.0027), anthesis and minimum temperature (r = 0.058; p = 0.0092), button and minimum temperature (r = 0.62; p = 0.0041), immature fruit and maximum temperature (r = 0.75, p = 0.00016), ripe fruit and maximum temperature (r = 0.73; p = 0, 00032) ripe fruit and minimum temperature (r = 0.75, p = 0.00021). The species Senecio icoglossus DC. var. icoglossus showed positive correlation between ripe fruit and precipitation (r = 0.81; p = 0.0042), budding was negatively correlated with the minimum temperature (r = -0.84; p = 0.0018), leaf fall it was negatively correlated with minimum temperature (r = -0.84; p = 0.0018), leaf fall was negatively correlated with temperature and maximum (r = -0.80; p = 0.0052). Sisyrinchuim micranthum obtained positive correlation, ripe fruit and maximum temperature (r = 0.77; p = 0.0010), ripe fruit and minimum temperature (r = 0.82, p = 0.00029). Trichocline catharinensis showed highly significant correlation between buttons and minimum temperature (r = 0.69; p = 0.0003), and button and insolation (rs = 0.60; p = 0.0029). The four species studied were correlated with weather factors, environmental variables were important to the phenology of species with ornamental potential. / O Brasil é considerado um país com megabiodiversidade, o que corresponde a 44,830 mil espécies vegetais, e parte das plantas tem potencial ornamental. Muitas dessas espécies ornamentais não são utilizadas, e nem mesmo conhecidas pela população, que pode auxiliar ao aumento da introdução de espécies exóticas. O conhecimento da flora ornamental nativa é fator fundamental para sua conservação e manejo sustentável das espécies. Os objetivos deste estudo foram conhecer a flora ornamental nativas em áreas de campo e borda florestal, por meio de levantamento florístico, e realizar acompanhamento fenológico de quatro espécies. O estudo foi conduzido na Floresta Ombrófila Mista Alto-Montana, em uma Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Estadual (RPPNE) Fazenda das Nascentes, Urupema, SC. A propriedade possui área total de 1.367,43 hectares, localizada entre as coordenadas 27º 52’37,33” (latitude) sul e 49º 55’ 14,39” (longitude) oeste, com altitude variando entre 1450 a 1750 metros e pertence à empresa Klabin SA. O clima da região é temperado, úmido, com chuvas bem distribuídas durante todo o período do ano e precipitação média anual de 1800 mm, a temperatura média anual é de 13 °C. A amostragem da vegetação foi realizada no período de 04/2015 a 04/2016 numa área de aproximadamente 32 hectares, adotando-se o método de caminhamento, em busca de espécimes com potencial ornamental. Para o acompanhamento fenológico foram selecionadas quatro espécies: Callianthe fluviatilis (Vell.) Donnell (Malvaceae), Senecio icoglossus var. icoglossus, (Asteraceae), Sisyrinchium micranthum Cav. (Iridaceae) e Trichocline catharinensis Cabrera. Foram acompanhadas quinzenalmente as fases vegetativa (brotação e queda foliar) e reprodutivas (botão, antese, frutos imaturos, e frutos maduros) das espécies no período de abril de 2015 a abril 2016, utilizando o método qualitativo para avaliar cada fenofase. Foram feitas a análise de correlação de Spearman (rs) das fenofases com os dados meteorológicos, precipitação (mm), temperatura (°C) e insolação (h), fornecidos pela EPAGRI/CIRAM. O levantamento florístico resultou no registro de 23 famílias, 39 gêneros e 54 espécies, com potencial ornamental. As famílias melhor representadas foram Asteraceae (13 espécies), Iridaceae (5) e Lamiaceae (4) e, para as demais famílias, foram registradas entre uma a três espécies, Lythraceae, Solanaceae e Verbenaceae (3) Apiaceae, Fabaceae, Melastomataceae, Onagraceae, Polygalaceae e Rubiaceae (2), Alstroemeriaceae Apocynaceae, Begoniaceae, Campanulaceae, Commelinaceae, Convolvulaceae, Eriocaulaceae, Lentibulariaceae, Liliaceae, Malvaceae e Orobanchaceae (1). As espécies acompanhadas apresentaram floração, frutificação, queda foliar e brotação nos meses estudados. As análises de correlação mostraram que a espécie Callianthe fluviatilis apresentou correlação com fruto maduro e insolação (r = 0,64; p = 0,0027), antese e temperatura mínima (r = 0,058; p = 0,0092), botão e temperatura mínima (r = 0,62; p = 0,0041), fruto imaturo e temperatura máxima (r = 0,75; p = 0,00016), fruto maduro e temperatura máxima (r = 0,73; p = 0,00032) fruto maduro e temperatura mínima (r = 0,75; p = 0,00021). A espécie Senecio icoglossus DC. var. icoglossus mostrou correlação positiva entre fruto maduro e precipitação (r = 0,81; p = 0,0042), a brotação foi correlacionada negativamente com a temperatura mínima (r = -0,84; p = 0,0018), a queda foliar foi correlacionada negativamente com temperatura mínima (r = -0,84; p = 0,0018), a queda foliar foi correlacionada negativamente com e temperatura máxima (r = -0,80; p = 0,0052). Sisyrinchuim micranthum obteve correlação positiva, fruto maduro e temperatura máxima (r = 0,77; p = 0,0010), fruto maduro e temperatura mínima (r = 0,82; p = 0,00029). Trichocline catharinensis apresentou correlação altamente significativa entre botões e temperatura mínima (rs = 0,69; p = 0,0003) e, botão e insolação (rs = 0,60; p = 0,0029). As quatro espécies estudadas tiveram correlação com os fatores meteorológicos, as variáveis ambientais foram importantes para os eventos fenológicos das espécies com potencial ornamental.
52

Restauração da Mata Atlântica em antigas unidades de produção florestal com Eucalyptus saligna Smith. no Parque das Neblinas, Bertioga, SP / Restoration of Atlantic Rainforest in Eucalyptus saligna Smith. former production stands at Parque das Neblinas, Bertioga, SP

Felipe Ferreira Onofre 09 April 2009 (has links)
Durante muitas décadas, extensas áreas de florestas nativas têm sido sistematicamente destruídas no Brasil, muitas delas dando lugar a plantações florestais para fins industriais. A adequação à legislação ambiental recente, no que se refere à manutenção de áreas de preservação permanente e de reservas legais, passou a gerar a necessidade de reversão de áreas ocupadas com plantios comerciais para florestas nativas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a efetividade de técnicas para acelerar a regeneração natural da vegetação nativa em talhões de Eucalyptus saligna abandonados. O estudo foi realizado em áreas pertencentes à Suzano Papel e Celulose, onde foi criado o Parque das Neblinas, município de Bertioga, SP. A área experimental foi instalada em um talhão de terceira rotação com 45 ha, manejado anteriormente em ciclos de corte de sete anos. O experimento foi em blocos ao acaso com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições: T1=controle, T2-T5=redução de 25, 50, 75 e 100% da área basal, respectivamente, através de envenenamento com glyphosate; T6=corte raso. Cada parcela apresentou 20 m x 40 m. Inicialmente foi realizado um inventário da população de Eucalyptus saligna, bem como o levantamento fitossociológico de toda a regeneração natural existente acima de 1,30 m de altura. Foram mensurados 1.417 indivíduos de Eucalyptus saligna, com densidade absoluta de 738,02 ind/ha e área basal de 22,68 m²/ha. O método utilizado para morte em pé dos eucalitpos se mostrou eficiente. No conjunto dos 5.863 indivíduos amostrados da vegetação nativa, foram identificadas 135 espécies, pertencentes a 77 gêneros e a 39 famílias. A densidade total estimada foi de 1.035,41 indivíduos/ha e a área basal de 6,39 m²/ha, para a classe de indivíduos da regeneração natural com DAP 5 cm e de 3.864,58 indivíduos/ha e área basal de 3,25 m²/ ha, para regeneração natural com DAP < 5 cm e maior que 1,30 m de altura. Não houve efeito significativo dos tratamentos a 5% de probabilidade para as variáveis estruturais. Entretanto, o estudo da riqueza de espécies corrigida (correção feita usando-se o índice de Fisher) para a regeneração com DAP 5 cm revelou um decréscimo nas parcelas testemunha entre as fases inicial e final e um aumento deste índice para os demais tratamentos. Além disso, a variação percentual do índice de diversidade de Shannon (H) entre as épocas inicial e final apresentou diferenças significativas entre tratamentos e blocos, sendo que o T3 propiciou significativamente os maiores aumentos da diversidade de espécies (H). Embora não tenha havido efeito do tratamento na área basal da regeneração natural, houve uma correlação linear negativa desta variável com a área basal do eucalipto. O resultado indica uma tendência de aumento de área basal da vegetação nativa com DAP 5 cm à medida que se reduz a área basal do eucalipto. As análises mostraram que o T3 (redução de 50% da área basal do eucalipto através de morte em pé das árvores) propiciou os melhores resultados para densidade, área basal e riqueza de espécies para as duas classes de regeneração natural, após 40 meses. / For decades, large areas of native forests have been and still systematically destroyed in Brazil, many of them leading to forest plantations stands for industrial purposes. The adequacy to the recent environmental legislation regarding the maintenance of permanent preservation areas and legal reserves required reversing the areas occupied with commercial plantations into native forests. This study aimed at verifying the effect of techniques to accelerate the natural regeneration of native vegetation in abandoned production stands of Eucalyptus saligna. The study was conducted in areas belonging to the Suzano Papel e Celulose, at Parque das Neblinas, Bertioga, SP. The experiment was set up in a commercial Eucalyptus saligna stand with 45 ha, third rotation, previously managed in seven-year cutting cycles. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with six treatments and four replications. The treatments were: T1= control; T2-T5= reduction of 25, 50, 75 and 100% of basal area, respectively, through girdling and poisoning and T6= clearcut. Each plot had 20 x 40 meters. An inventory on the Eucalyptus saligna population was performed, as well as a phytosociological survey of the entire natural regeneration over 1.3 m in height 1,417 individuals of Eucalyptus saligna were measured and showed an absolute density of 738.02 ind/ha and 22.68 m²/ha basal area. As to the treatment applied (T2-T5) to the eucalyptus individuals, the method was proved efficient. We sampled 5,863 individuals of native vegetation belonging to 135 species of 77 genera and 39 families. The total density estimated was 1,035.41 individuals/ha and the basal area was 6.39 m²/ha for the DBH 5 cm class and 3,864.58 individuals/ha and basal area of 3.25 m²/ ha for the natural regeneration with DBH < 5 cm. There was no significant effect of the treatments at a 5% probability level for the variables studied. Although, the richness analysis corrected (correction through the Fishers index) for the DBH 5 cm class showed decrease in the control plots between the initial and final phases, and an increase in the richness of the remaining treatments. In addition, the percent variation of the Shannons diversity index between the initial and final times had a significant effect for treatments and blocks, being the T3 showed significant increase in species diversity (H). Although no significant effect was observed for the basal area, a negative linear correlation of this variable with the eucalypt basal area was observed. The result points to a trend of increase in the basal area of the native vegetation with DBH > 5 cm as the eucalypt basal area is reduced. T3 (50 % reduction of the eucalypt basal area by poisoning) showed best results for density, basal area and species richness of for both natural regeneration classes after 40 months.
53

Field and Greenhouse Studies of Phytoremediation with California Native Plants for Soil Contaminated with Petroleum Hydrocarbons, PAHs, PCBs, Chlorinated Dioxins/Furans, and Heavy Metals

Poltorak, Matthew Robert 01 December 2014 (has links)
Native and naturalized California plant species were screened for their phytoremediation potential for the cleanup of soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs), poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), chlorinated dioxins/furans, and heavy metals. This screening was followed by controlled greenhouse experiments to further evaluate the phytoremediation potential of the best candidates. Field specimens and soils used for this study were collected from the former Energy Technology Engineering Center (ETEC) at the Santa Susana Field Laboratory in Southern California that was operated by the Department of Energy (DOE). Soils at this site contain all of the contaminants of interest (COIs). Nine plant species were screened in the field: Purple Needlegrass (Nassella pulchra), Blue Elderberry (Sambucus nigra), Laurel Sumac (Malosma laurina), Mule Fat (Baccharis salicifolia), Palmer’s Goldenbush (Ericameria palmeri), Summer Mustard (Hirschfeldia incana), Narrowleaf Milkweed (Asclepias fascicularis), Coyote Brush (Baccharis pilularis), and Thickleaf Yerba Santa (Eriodictyon crassifolium). In the field three samples of each species growing in contaminated soil and one of each species growing in uncontaminated soil were selected for harvesting and analysis. The roots, above ground plant tissue, and soil around the roots were sampled separately and analyzed for the COIs: PHCs, PAHs, PCBs, chlorinated dioxins/furans, and metals (which include mercury, silver, cadmium, and lead). All of the plants in the field appeared to generate compounds which result in higher measured PHC concentrations than those measured in the associated soil. The highest concentrations of PAHs in the roots were observed for Blue Elderberry (1740 ug/kg), Purple Needlegrass (703 ug/kg), and Yerba Santa (200 ug/kg). No uptake of PCBs was observed in the roots or foliage of any species. The highest concentrations of total chlorinated dioxins/furans in the roots were observed for Purple Needlegrass (2237 ng/kg), Blue Elderberry (1026 ng/kg), Palmer’s Goldenbush (432 ng/kg), and Yerba Santa (421 ng/kg). The highest concentrations of total chlorinated dioxins/furans in the foliage were observed for Yerba Santa (901 ng/kg), Palmer’s Goldenbush (757 ng/kg), and Purple Needlegrass (694 ng/kg). No uptake of mercury was observed in the roots or foliage of any species. The highest concentration of silver in the roots was observed for Laurel Sumac (7.34 mg/kg). Summer Mustard (SM) was the only species that showed uptake of silver into the foliage (0.405 mg/kg). The highest concentrations of cadmium in the roots and foliage were observed for Mule Fat (1.84 mg/kg and 3.64 mg/kg) and Coyote Brush (1.52 mg/kg and 2.12 mg/kg) and the greatest concentration of lead in the roots and foliage was observed for Purple Needlegrass (8.92 mg/kg and 1.17 mg/kg). Plants with a wide variety of observed contaminant uptake in the field were selected for a second phase of research in which three of the most promising species were grown in greenhouse microcosms to quantify the removal of contaminants from the soil. The three species selected based on preliminary results from the field study were Coyote Brush, Mule Fat, and Purple Needlegrass. Microcosms consisted of 2.17 kg of soil in 4-L glass jars with glass marbles for an underdrain. Plants were watered with deionized water and no leachate was collected. Five replicates of each microcosm type were created and incubated for 211 days with soil sampling at 85 and 211 days. Soil, plant roots/above ground tissue, and volatilization from the plants were analyzed for COIs to determine the mechanisms of phytoremediation. One set of microcosms was used to test the effect of addition of achelating agent (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) and another set was used to test the effect of fertilizer addition on phytoremediation potential. Three control treatments were tested: sterilized (gamma irradiation) soil planted with Purple Needlegrass, unplanted soil, and sterilized unplanted soil. None of the plant species demonstrated volatilization of COIs under these conditions. Volatilization of mercury was not tested for. The average PCB concentration (measured as Aroclor 1260) reductions in soils with Purple Needlegrass and chelated Coyote Brush were 49.4% and 51.4% respectively (p < 0.05). However, the sterilized unplanted control also had a decrease of Aroclor 1260 concentrations in the soil of 36.6% (p < 0.05). None of the species phytoextracted PCBs, so the mechanism of PCB remediation appears to be phytostimulation of the rhizosphere. Purple Needlegrass showed the greatest uptake of dioxins/furans into the foliage but did not appear to reduce the dioxin/furan concentrations in the soil. Coyote Brush, fertilized Coyote Brush, and Mule Fat also showed uptake of dioxins/furans into the roots and foliage. Only the Coyote Brush and fertilized Coyote Brush significantly (p = 0.036, p = 0.022) reduced the total dioxin/furan concentration in the soil (17.8% and 19.8% respectively). Coyote Brush may have stimulated microbes in the rhizosphere to better degrade the dioxins/furans. None of the plants were identified as hyper-accumulators of metals, and none of the soil metal concentrations significantly decreased in any of the microcosms. All of the metals (except mercury) were taken into the roots of plants to some degree, with Purple Needlegrass showing the most promise for metal extraction as it showed some of the highest concentrations of metals in roots and was the only species that contained mercury and silver in the foliage. This study suggests that there is some potential for phytoremediation of PCBs and chlorinated dioxins/furans. The results for petroleum hydrocarbons were inconclusive. Metal uptake was not substantial enough to lower metal concentrations in the soils. Thus phytoremediation of COIs at the site is limited and more aggressive forms of remediation may be required to reduce the concentrations of COIs quickly.
54

Vliv invazních a nativních rostlin na abiotické a biotické vlastnosti půdy / The effect of invasive and native plants on abiotic and biotic soil properties

Hanzelková, Věra January 2019 (has links)
Invasive plants represent an important topic of study in current ecology because of their effects on whole ecosystems. The plants interact with the soil including soil biota, with the other plants in the community and with other organisms, eg. herbivores. Invasive plants often differ from non- invasive plants in nutrient utilization and can thus affect soil pH as well. They may also differ in the way they interact with mycorrhizal fungi that help the plants with nutrient uptake. In this study, the effect of invasive and native plants on soil properties is compared. Congeneric pairs of species, where one species is native and the other invasive, are compared. The native species are chosen so that they are dominant and therefore comparable to the invasive plants in the new environment. The evaluated soil properties are pH value and content of elemental nutrients from abiotic properties, and the amount of mycorrhizal fungi propagules and their spreading rate in soil from the biotic properties. In this study, the invasive and native plants differ only in the content of exchangeable phosphorus and potassium. Content of these two nutrients and one of the indicators of mycorrhizal fungi differ within the pairs of species as well. For most soil properties, the genus of the plant plays the main role, not...
55

A Survey of Plant Root Extracellular Enzyme Activity in Native and Invasive Exotic Plants of Oak Openings

Elk, Michael 14 June 2010 (has links)
No description available.
56

Horticultural characteristics of seven Sonoran Desert woody legumes which show potential for southwestern landscaping

Johnson, Matthew Brian, 1958- January 1988 (has links)
Many plants are not commercially produced due to a lack of accessible information on their horticultural requirements and landscape potential. Members of the Legume Family (Leguminosae) are often conspicuous components of the vegetation of arid and semi-arid subtropical regions. Many of these plants are suitable for landscaping use in areas suited to their cultivation. Coursetia glandulosa, Erythrina flabelliformis, Eysenhardtia orthocarpa, Haematoxylon brasiletto, Lysiloma watsonii, Pithecellobium mexicanum, and Sophora arizonica are woody legumes native to the Sonoran Desert region which offer a variety of form, texture, color and function. All of these plants grow readily from scarified seed. E. flabelliformis and E. orthocarpa are easy to propagate from stem cuttings. Some irrigation is necessary for establishment and reasonable growth in the landscape. Maintenance and pests are minimal. Freezing temperatures are the primary limiting factor to several of the plants. S. arizonica is slow growing and is prone to rot in the nursery.
57

Avaliação de dois trechos de uma Floresta Estacional Semidecidual restaurada por meio de plantio, com 18 e 20 anos, no Sudeste do Brasil / Evaluate of two patch of an Semideciduous Seasonal Forest restored through a plantation, with 18 and 20 years, in Southeastern of Brazil

Castanho, Guilherme Gurian 12 May 2009 (has links)
Ações de recuperações de áreas degradadas têm sido amplamente empregadas, tanto por exigências legais como por iniciativas de grupos preocupados com a qualidade ambiental, assim não havendo uma padronização destas ações. Surgindo então a necessidade de avaliar se as metodologias empregadas estão alcançando seu objetivo e proporcionando uma auto-sustentação da comunidade florestal formada. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo descrever a comunidade arbustivo-arbórea de uma área restaurada, por meio de um plantio com alta diversidade, após 18 a 20 anos de sua implantação. O estudo foi desenvolvido em uma Floresta Estacional Semidecidual (FES) no município de Iracemápolis estado de São Paulo Sudeste do Brasil (22°35\'S e 47°31\'W). O clima regional é do tipo Cwa segundo a classificação de Köppen, com precipitação variando de 1.100 a 1.700mm por ano. O plantio foi realizado entre 1988 e 1990, em aproximadamente 50ha. Foi realizado um levantamento florístico e fitossociológico de duas áreas com 1,0ha cada, foram amostrados todos os indivíduos com perímetro a altura do peito igual ou maior que 10cm para calculo dos parâmetros fitossociológicos e dos índices de diversidade e de equidade. As espécies amostradas foram classificadas quanto a classe sucessional e a síndrome de dispersão. Foi verificada fisionomia florestal nas duas áreas estudadas. Foram encontrados 2.532 indivíduos vivos, distribuídos em 52,05% na área 1 e 47, 95% na área 2, e estavam distribuídos em 143 espécies, compondo 40 famílias. A altura do dossel foi inferior ao encontrado em remanescentes de FES, porém os índices de diversidade e equidade, bem como a densidade absoluta estiveram entre os valores obtidos para FES. As espécies que apresentaram maior crescimento foram Lafoensia glyptocarpa, Melia azedarach, Pterocarpus violaceus, Centrolobium tomentosum, Cariniana estrellensis, Triplaris americana, Cariniana legalis e Balfourodendron riedelianum na área 1 e Luehea divaricata, Pterogyne nitens, Citharexylum myrianthum e Triplaris americana na área 2. Foram verificados indivíduos com forma de vida vegetais diferentes dos introduzidos assim como espécies arbustivo-arbóreas diferentes das implantadas. A maior parte dos indivíduos regenerantes foi de espécies secundárias iniciais e pioneiras, sendo que as maiores espécies, tanto em altura como em área basal, foram provenientes das espécies plantadas. As duas áreas foram consideradas como restauradas e apresentam características de vegetação secundária. A composição inicial das espécies utilizadas e suas classes sucessionais influenciaram a composição da floresta formada com 18 e 20 anos. A utilização de alta diversidade em plantios de restauração apresenta-se de grande importância para o restabelecimento da estrutura, possibilitando o desenvolvimento dos processos existentes em florestas naturais nas áreas restauradas, especialmente em áreas não conectadas a fragmentos florestais naturais. / Restoration actions in degraded areas have been widely used, as much for legal requirements as for initiatives of groups worried about the ambient quality, in this way not having an standardizing of this actions. Appearing the necessity to evaluate if the employed methodologies are reaching its objective and providing a self-sustentation of the formed forest community. The present work had as objective to describe the community of tree and shrub from restored area, by a high diversity plantation, after 18 and 20 years of your implementation. The study was developed in Semideciduous Seasonal Forests (FES) at Iracemápolis City in São Paulo, Southeastern of Brazil (22°35\'S and 47°31\' W). The regional climate is Cwa, according to Köppen classification, with precipitation varying from 1.100 to 1.700mm per year. The plantation was realized between 1988 and 1990, in approximately 50ha. It was realized a floristic and phytosociological survey from two areas with 1,0ha each, where had been sampled individuals with perimeter at breast height equal or bigger than 10cm for calculate phytosociological parameter and diversity indices of equability. The showed species had been classified according to sucessional class and the syndrome of dispersion. Forest physiognomy was verified in the two studied areas. It has been found 2,532 individuals alive, distributed in 52,05% at area 1 and 47, 95% at area 2, and were distributed in 143 species, composing 40 families. The canopy heights had been less than found in FES remained, however, the diversity and equability index, and the absolute density has been among the value obtained to FES. The species that had presented greater growth had been Lafoensia glyptocarpa, Melia azedarach, Pterocarpus violaceus, Centrolobium tomentosum, Cariniana estrellensis, Triplaris americana, Cariniana legalis and Balfourodendron riedelianum in the area 1 and Luehea divaricata, Pterogyne nitens, Citharexylum myrianthum and Triplaris americana in area 2. Had been verified individuals with different vegetal life forms from introduced species as well as tree and shrub species different from implemented. Most of the regenerate individual was from pioneering and initial secondary species, and the biggest species, in height and in basal area had been coming from the planted species. It is concluded that the two areas are restored and present characteristic of secondary vegetation, the initial composition from used species and respective sucessional class had influenced the forest composition formed with 18 and 20 years. The use of high diversity in plantations of restoration present with high importance to re-establishing of the structure, enabling the development of existing process in a natural forests, especially in areas not connected with fragments of natural forests.
58

Aplicação de diferentes promotores de crescimento em Mirindiba (Lafoensia glyptocarpa Koehne): avaliação do desenvolvimento das mudas, em fases distintas do ciclo de produção / Application of different growth promoters in Mirindiba (Lafoensia glyptocarpa Koehne): avaliationt of plant growth in different stages of the production cycle

Machado, Ronan Pereira 11 August 2009 (has links)
Os avanços obtidos na política ambiental e a conscientização da população em relação aos problemas do meio ambiente têm levado a uma crescente demanda por espécies florestais nativas. A presença no mercado de viveiros, com alta tecnologia, e as exigências cada vez mais rígidas de padrão, fazem com que haja grande procura por alternativas que visem reduzir os custos de manejo, aumentar a taxa de crescimento e melhorar a qualidade das mudas produzidas. A produção pode ser comprometida pelo pouco conhecimento do comportamento silvicultural da espécie. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento da espécie arbórea nativa Mirindiba (Lafoensia glyptocarpa Koehne), submetida a quatro diferentes tratamentos com promotores de crescimento, em duas fases distintas de seu ciclo de produção, nas condições específicas de um viveiro de mudas arbóreas, inclusive em relação à época de aplicação. O experimento foi conduzido em um viveiro localizado no município de Amparo-SP. Os tratamentos foram: Testemunha, Orgasol semanal, Biogain Max, Orgasol 15 dias e Biogain Plus. Os tratos culturais realizados habitualmente nos viveiros e as condições ambientais foram similares para todos. Os parâmetros quantitativos de vigor, usados foram: diâmetro do colo, DAP, altura da parte aérea, relação altura com diâmetro do tronco, matéria seca de 100 folhas e teores foliares de nutrientes. O delineamento estatístico adotado foi o de blocos causalizados, com cinco blocos de cinco tratamentos, um recipiente por repetição e uma planta por recipiente. O tratamento com Biogain Max mostrou-se mais eficiente quando comparado aos demais tratamentos nas duas fases distintas da produção de mudas, em relação ao acréscimo médio na altura e diâmetro de tronco (H/D). Houve um maior desenvolvimento, em resposta aos diferentes tratamentos, nos períodos que representam os meses de agosto a março. Na fase 1, o tratamento com Orgasol semanal, apresentou a melhor relação H/D, nos dois primeiros períodos, enquanto que no terceiro período a melhor relação foi do Biogain Max. Nas mudas mais jovens, existiu uma tendência em ocorrer maior acréscimo em altura do que em diâmetro do colo e nas mudas com maior maturidade, essa tendência é inversa, de acordo com a relação H/D. O tratamento com Biogain Max apresentou a melhor relação H/D, no primeiro, terceiro e período total, na fase 2. A aplicação de promotores de crescimento via foliar se mostrou mais eficiente em relação à aplicação via solo. Existe uma tendência de um maior desenvolvimento, quando parcela-se a dosagem e aumenta-se a freqüência de aplicação, de acordo com os tratamentos Orgasol semanal e Orgasol 15 dias. Com a conclusão desse projeto, aumentam em muito as perspectivas para novos estudos, como a viabilidade de utilização de promotores de crescimento para a produção de mudas arbóreas. / The advances got in environmental policy and the conscientiousness of population with problems in relation to the environment has led to an increasing demand for native species. The presence of the nursery, with high technology and the demands of increasingly stringent standards, means that there is high demand for alternatives to reduce management costs, increase growth rate and improve the quality of plants produced. The production may be jeopardizing by poor knowledge of the natural conduct of species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the development of native tree, Mirindiba (Lafoensia glyptocarpa Koehne), subjected to four different treatments with growth promoters, in two distinct phases of production, the specific conditions of a tree nursery. Also, was to identify the best treatment for the production of this species in relation to the time of application and cost. The experiment was conducted in a nursery located in Amparo-SP. The treatments were: Control, Orgasol Semanal, Biogain Max, Orgasol 15 dias and Biogain Plus. The cultural treatments usually performed and environmental conditions were similar for all. The quantitative parameters of vigor, used were: the caliper of root crown, DAP, height, relation of height with caliper of trunk (H/D), dry weight of 100 leaves and foliar levels of nutrients. The statistical design adopted was causal block with five blocks of five treatments, one container by a repetition and one plant for a container. Treatment with Biogain Max was more efficient when compared to other treatments in two separate phases of the production in relation to the increase in average height and diameter of trunk. There was a further development in response to different treatments, which represent the period of August to March. In phase 1, treatment with Orgasol Semanal, presented the best H/D, in the first two periods, while in the third period was the best of Biogain Max. In young plants, there was a tendency to greater increase in height than diameter of trunk and in mature plants, this trend is reversed, according to the relation of H/D. Treatment with Biogain Max had the best H/D in the first, third and total period, in phase 2. The application in leaves of growth promoters was more efficient in relation to the application via soil. There is a tendency for further development, when the frequency of application is incresead, according to the treatments Orgasol Semanal and Orgasol 15 dias. Treatment with Biogain Max in addition to a development than the other treatments in most periods of the two phases also had the lowest cost during the experiment. With the conclusion of this project, increases in much the prospects for new studies, and the feasibility of the use of growth promoters for the production of trees
59

Aplicação de diferentes promotores de crescimento em Mirindiba (Lafoensia glyptocarpa Koehne): avaliação do desenvolvimento das mudas, em fases distintas do ciclo de produção / Application of different growth promoters in Mirindiba (Lafoensia glyptocarpa Koehne): avaliationt of plant growth in different stages of the production cycle

Ronan Pereira Machado 11 August 2009 (has links)
Os avanços obtidos na política ambiental e a conscientização da população em relação aos problemas do meio ambiente têm levado a uma crescente demanda por espécies florestais nativas. A presença no mercado de viveiros, com alta tecnologia, e as exigências cada vez mais rígidas de padrão, fazem com que haja grande procura por alternativas que visem reduzir os custos de manejo, aumentar a taxa de crescimento e melhorar a qualidade das mudas produzidas. A produção pode ser comprometida pelo pouco conhecimento do comportamento silvicultural da espécie. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento da espécie arbórea nativa Mirindiba (Lafoensia glyptocarpa Koehne), submetida a quatro diferentes tratamentos com promotores de crescimento, em duas fases distintas de seu ciclo de produção, nas condições específicas de um viveiro de mudas arbóreas, inclusive em relação à época de aplicação. O experimento foi conduzido em um viveiro localizado no município de Amparo-SP. Os tratamentos foram: Testemunha, Orgasol semanal, Biogain Max, Orgasol 15 dias e Biogain Plus. Os tratos culturais realizados habitualmente nos viveiros e as condições ambientais foram similares para todos. Os parâmetros quantitativos de vigor, usados foram: diâmetro do colo, DAP, altura da parte aérea, relação altura com diâmetro do tronco, matéria seca de 100 folhas e teores foliares de nutrientes. O delineamento estatístico adotado foi o de blocos causalizados, com cinco blocos de cinco tratamentos, um recipiente por repetição e uma planta por recipiente. O tratamento com Biogain Max mostrou-se mais eficiente quando comparado aos demais tratamentos nas duas fases distintas da produção de mudas, em relação ao acréscimo médio na altura e diâmetro de tronco (H/D). Houve um maior desenvolvimento, em resposta aos diferentes tratamentos, nos períodos que representam os meses de agosto a março. Na fase 1, o tratamento com Orgasol semanal, apresentou a melhor relação H/D, nos dois primeiros períodos, enquanto que no terceiro período a melhor relação foi do Biogain Max. Nas mudas mais jovens, existiu uma tendência em ocorrer maior acréscimo em altura do que em diâmetro do colo e nas mudas com maior maturidade, essa tendência é inversa, de acordo com a relação H/D. O tratamento com Biogain Max apresentou a melhor relação H/D, no primeiro, terceiro e período total, na fase 2. A aplicação de promotores de crescimento via foliar se mostrou mais eficiente em relação à aplicação via solo. Existe uma tendência de um maior desenvolvimento, quando parcela-se a dosagem e aumenta-se a freqüência de aplicação, de acordo com os tratamentos Orgasol semanal e Orgasol 15 dias. Com a conclusão desse projeto, aumentam em muito as perspectivas para novos estudos, como a viabilidade de utilização de promotores de crescimento para a produção de mudas arbóreas. / The advances got in environmental policy and the conscientiousness of population with problems in relation to the environment has led to an increasing demand for native species. The presence of the nursery, with high technology and the demands of increasingly stringent standards, means that there is high demand for alternatives to reduce management costs, increase growth rate and improve the quality of plants produced. The production may be jeopardizing by poor knowledge of the natural conduct of species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the development of native tree, Mirindiba (Lafoensia glyptocarpa Koehne), subjected to four different treatments with growth promoters, in two distinct phases of production, the specific conditions of a tree nursery. Also, was to identify the best treatment for the production of this species in relation to the time of application and cost. The experiment was conducted in a nursery located in Amparo-SP. The treatments were: Control, Orgasol Semanal, Biogain Max, Orgasol 15 dias and Biogain Plus. The cultural treatments usually performed and environmental conditions were similar for all. The quantitative parameters of vigor, used were: the caliper of root crown, DAP, height, relation of height with caliper of trunk (H/D), dry weight of 100 leaves and foliar levels of nutrients. The statistical design adopted was causal block with five blocks of five treatments, one container by a repetition and one plant for a container. Treatment with Biogain Max was more efficient when compared to other treatments in two separate phases of the production in relation to the increase in average height and diameter of trunk. There was a further development in response to different treatments, which represent the period of August to March. In phase 1, treatment with Orgasol Semanal, presented the best H/D, in the first two periods, while in the third period was the best of Biogain Max. In young plants, there was a tendency to greater increase in height than diameter of trunk and in mature plants, this trend is reversed, according to the relation of H/D. Treatment with Biogain Max had the best H/D in the first, third and total period, in phase 2. The application in leaves of growth promoters was more efficient in relation to the application via soil. There is a tendency for further development, when the frequency of application is incresead, according to the treatments Orgasol Semanal and Orgasol 15 dias. Treatment with Biogain Max in addition to a development than the other treatments in most periods of the two phases also had the lowest cost during the experiment. With the conclusion of this project, increases in much the prospects for new studies, and the feasibility of the use of growth promoters for the production of trees
60

Composição química, atividade bacteriana e antioxidante de óleo essencial e diferentes extratos vegetais de Prunus myrtifolia (L.) Urb. / Chemical composition, bacterial and antioxidant activity of essential oils and plant extracts of different Prunus myrtifolia (L.) Urb.

Weber, Laís Dayane 15 August 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T14:38:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lais Weber.pdf: 890829 bytes, checksum: 517bfe599a74d7b29d48130d4d5ef543 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-15 / Fundação Parque Tecnológico Itaipu / The antimicrobial property of the plants can be explained by the production of active compounds generated during secondary metabolism as well as volatile compounds. Currently, the knowledge of this property have been confirmed scientifically, thus revealing the enormous potential of the plants in the control of infectious diseases, while there is an increase in cases of pathogenic microrganisms resistant to known antibiotics. Essential oils and extracts of plants have shown effects on growth of micro -organisms in many situations, suggesting practical use thereof. In the present study focused on the research of plants as alternative and natural source of antimicrobial substances, determined the chemical composition of the essential oil and various plant extracts (aqueous, ethanolic, ethyl acetate and hexane) of Prunus myrtifolia (L.) Urb. by GC/MS and phytochemical screening respectively, and its antimicrobial effect against microorganisms Gram negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 14028), Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 25933), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 13883) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) as Gram positive Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 19433), Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Bacillus subtilis (CCCD - B005) and yeast such as Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) by determining the values of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) using the microdilution broth; and finally we sought to evaluate the antioxidant activity of essential oil and plant extracts by the capture of free radicals DPPH (2.2difenil-1-picryl-hydrazyl). The largest class of volatile compounds identified in the oil was Prunus myrtifolia benzaldehyde (97%) followed by 3-hexen-1-ol (0.07 %) and benzyl benzoate (0.09 %). Generally through the phytochemical screening of the extracts was found the presence of secondary metabolites such as, flavonoids, tannins (ethanolic and aqueous), and triterpenoid saponins (ethanolic), which have proven active in different studies in the literature. Compared to hexane extract showed absence of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial activity. The results indicate the aqueous and ethanolic extract as the most effective of the tested pathogens. Regarding oil, showed antimicrobial activity against all pathogens evaluated. In a third stage of the study it was found antioxidant activity of the aqueous extract, ethanolic and ethyl acetate; in relation to essential oil and hexane extract antioxidant activity was not detected. From the results obtained it was established antimicrobial capacity of plant products tested and determined the antioxidant activity of the same . In the second stage of the research took place evaluated the phytochemical profile , antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of ethanolic and aqueous plant extracts from six Brazilian plants obtained from the dried leaves of Maytenus aquifolia Mart., Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) O. Berg, Ocotea spixiana (Nees) Mez., Psidium guajava L., Ricinus communis L. and Schinus molle L. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of plant extracts was tested against 36 serotypes of Salmonella from poultry products by the broth microdilution method to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). The antioxidant properties of these was evaluated by DPPH (2.2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hidrazila) method. The phytochemical profile detected components with antimicrobial and antioxidant potential in all extracts , as a percentage capture of DPPH than 65 % , demonstrating the high antioxidant activity of the tested extracts. In microdilution tests, we observed the antimicrobial activity of all tested extracts , and in general the ethanol extracts were more effective when compared to aqueous and ethanol extract of P. cauliflora followed by P. guajava higher end bacteriostatic . The MIC ranged from 1.56 to 100 mg.mL-1 and MBC of 3.13 to 100 mg.mL-1. These results confirmed the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of these plant extracts / A propriedade antimicrobiana das plantas pode ser explicada pela produção de compostos ativos gerados durante o metabolismo secundário como também por compostos voláteis. Atualmente, os conhecimentos desta propriedade têm sido confirmados cientificamente, revelando assim o enorme potencial das plantas no controle de doenças infecciosas, enquanto verifica-se um aumento nos casos de micro-organismos patogênicos resistentes aos antimicrobianos conhecidos. Extratos e óleos essenciais de plantas têm mostrado efeitos sobre desenvolvimento de micro-organismos em inúmeras situações, o que sugere uso prático destes produtos. No presente estudo voltado à pesquisa de plantas como fonte natural e alternativa de substâncias antimicrobianas, determinou-se a composição química do óleo essencial e de diferentes extratos vegetais (aquoso, etanolico, acetato de etila e hexânico) de Prunus myrtifolia (L.) Urb. (pessegueiro-bravo), através da CG/MS e triagem fitoquímica respectivamente, bem como seu efeito antimicrobiano contra micro-organismos Gram negativos Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Salmonella Typhimurium (ATCC 14028), Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 25933), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 13883) e Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Gram positivos como, Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 19433), Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) e Bacillus subtillis (CCCD - B005) e como levedura a Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) através da determinação dos valores de Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM) utilizando a técnica de microdiluição em caldo; e por fim buscou-se avaliar a atividade antioxidante do óleo essencial e dos extratos vegetais pelo método de captura de radicais livres DPPH (2.2difenil-1-picril-hidrazil). A maior classe de compostos voláteis identificados no óleo de Prunus myrtifolia foi benzaldeido (97%) seguido de 3-hexen-1-ol (0.07%) e benzoato de benzila (0.09%). De maneira geral através da triagem fitoquimica dos extratos verificou-se a presença de metabolitos secundários como, flavonoides, taninos (etanolico e aquoso), triterpenoides e saponinas (etanolico), que já se mostraram ativas em diferentes estudos descritos na literatura. Em relação ao extrato hexânico apresentou ausência de metabólitos secundários com atividade antimicrobiana. Os resultados apontam o extrato aquoso e etanolicos como os mais efetivos os patógenos testados. Em relação ao óleo, apresentou atividade antimicrobiana frente a todos patógenos avaliados. Em uma terceira etapa do estudo verificou-se atividade antioxidante entre o extrato aquoso, etanolico e acetato de etila; em relação ao óleo essencial e o extrato hexânico não foi detectada atividade antioxidante. Pelos resultados obtidos ficou estabelecida a capacidade antimicrobiana dos produtos vegetais testados, bem como determinou-se a atividade antioxidante dos mesmos. Em segunda etapa da pesquisa realizou-se Avaliou-se o perfil fitoquímico, ação antioxidante e antimicrobiana dos extratos vegetais etanólico e aquoso de seis plantas brasileiras obtidos das folhas secas de Maytenus aquifolia Mart. (espinheira-santa), Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) O. Berg (jabuticabeira), Ocotea spixiana (Nees) Mez. (canela-branca), Psidium guajava L. (goiabeira), e Ricinus communis L. (mamona) e Schinus molle L. (aroeira). A atividade antimicrobiana in vitro dos extratos vegetais foi testada frente a trinta e seis sorotipos de Salmonella de origem avícola pelo método de microdiluição em caldo com a determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e a Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM). A ação antioxidante dos mesmos foi avaliada pelo método de DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-picril-hidrazila). O perfil fitoquímico detectou componentes com potencial antimicrobiano e antioxidante em todos os extratos, assim como um percentual de captura do DPPH superior a 65%, demonstrando o elevado potencial antioxidante dos extratos testados. Nos testes de microdiluição em caldo, observou-se a atividade antimicrobiana de todos os extratos testados, sendo que em geral os extratos etanólicos foram mais eficazes quando comparados aos aquosos, sendo o extrato etanólico de P. cauliflora seguido por P. guajava de maior efeito bacteriostático. As CIMs variaram entre 1,56-100 mg.mL-1 e a CBM entre 3,13-100 mg.mL-1. Esses resultados confirmaram o potencial antimicrobiano e antioxidante desses extratos vegetais

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