Neste trabalho é desenvolvido um estudo de natureza qualitativa que busca compreender em que a disciplina de didática se configurou no período de formação, assim como nos primeiros anos de exercício da profissão, de professores com até 10 anos de formação, vindos de diferentes cursos de licenciatura. Foram feitas entrevistas individuais com 11 professores que lecionavam entre os anos 2010 e 2011, nas cidades de Jundiaí e São Paulo, ambas localizadas no estado de São Paulo. Os dados das entrevistas foram organizados de tal forma que permitiram o estabelecimento de cinco categorias que se referem às formas como os professores percebem a sua formação pedagógica, dando ênfase à disciplina de didática. Eles revelam não haver clareza em relação à função da disciplina de didática na formação pedagógica. Verificamos, também, que as diversas facetas conceituais da didática extraídas dos depoimentos estão fortemente vinculadas à necessidade de um amparo mais palpável, ao qual seja possível recorrer para driblar a insegurança sentida nos momentos em que os professores se deparam com situações desafiadoras em sala de aula. Com base nisso é desenvolvida uma discussão buscando fundamentar a ideia de uma disciplina de didática mais voltada à abordagem das questões complexas que permeiam o cotidiano de trabalho docente na instituição escolar, tendo como pano de fundo a prática reflexiva. / In this study is developed a research of qualitative nature that aims to understand in which didactics discipline set up at formation period, as well as first years of profession, of teachers who count until 10 year of training and who have came from different teaching major courses. It has been done individual interviews with 11 teachers who used to teach between the years 2010 and 2011, at Jundiai and São Paulo cities, both located at São Paulo state. The interviews data was organized such as allows the establishment of five categories that refer itself to manners how teachers realize his teacher training, emphasizing didactic discipline. They reveal doesnt have clarity related to didactic discipline function at teacher training. We have verified too that several conceptual facets of didactic extracted of statements are strongly linked to need for more support, which is possible appeal to dribble insecurity felt at moments when the teachers face challenge situations inside classroom. Based on that its developed a discussion aiming substantiate the idea of a didactic discipline more directed to an approach of complex questions that permeate daily of teaching at school, having as background reflective practice.

Context. Indirect illumination – the light contribution from bounce light in an environment – is an important effect when creating realistic images. Historically it has been approximated very poorly by applying a constant ambient term. This approximation is unacceptable if the goal is to create realistic results as bouncing light contributes a lot of light in the real world. Objectives. This thesis proposes a technique to use a reflective shadow map to place and configure spotlights in an environment to approximate global illumination. Methods. The proposed spotlight distribution technique is implemented in a delimited real time graphics engine, and the results are compared to a naive spotlight distribution method. Results. The image resulting from the proposed technique has a lower quality than the comparison in our test scene. Conclusions. The technique could be used in its current state for applications where the view can be controlled by the developer such as in 3D side scrolling games or as a tool to generate editable indirect illumination. Further research needs to be conducted to make it more broadly viable. / Indirekt illuminering är en viktigt effekt om en försöker skapa realistiska bilder. Den här uppsatsen föreslår en teknik där en reflektiv skuggkarta används för att placera och konfigurera strålkastare för att approximera indirekt illuminering. Tekniken kan användas i till exempel sidscrollande 3D spel eller för att skapa ett verktyg som kan användas för att skapa redigerbar indirekt illuminering. Vidare forskning krävs för att göra tekniken rimlig för flera användningsområden.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This research explores a poorly understood area of health systems: the nature of managerial decision-making in primary healthcare facilities, and the information that informs decision-making at this level. Located in the emerging field of Health Policy and System Research, this research draws on constructivist and participatory perspectives to understand the role of information and, more broadly, learning and knowledge in decisions that primary healthcare managers make, and the systemic factors influencing this. Using a multiple case study design with iterative cycles of in-depth data collection and analysis over a three year period, it examined the decision-making and information use in three cases of managerial responsibility in 17 primary healthcare facilities in a sub-district in Cape Town. The cases were: improving efficiency of service delivery, implementing programme priorities and managing leave of absence. Using multiple strategies for engaging primary healthcare facility managers, often as co-researchers of their own practice, the research sought to elicit both their explicit and tacit, experience-based knowledge on these phenomena. Key insights gained in the research are that firstly, operational health management at facility level is less linear and simple than policy-makers and planners often assume, and is, instead, characterised by considerable on-the-spot problem solving and people management to meet multiple agendas, which can be surprisingly complex. Secondly, contrary to prevailing views, managers do actively use information in decision-making, but require a wide range of information which is outside of the current, and indeed the globally-advocated, health information system (HIS). Thirdly, they not only use, but generate, information in their management routines and practices, and must learn from experience in order to adapt new interventions for successful implementation in their facilities and communities. This research thus makes explicit the value and use of informal information and knowledge in decision-making. It demonstrates, amongst others, a relationship of functional interdependence between the use of formal information in the HIS, and informal information and knowledge, suggesting that the latter has the potential to improve the use and utility of formal health information by making sense of it within the local context. Furthermore, building on the public policy literature on governance, this research develops a model to understand the multiple contextual influences on decision-making and information use, showing the central role of values and relationships across the health system. It proposes a causal mechanism for strengthening the use of information in decision-making. Finally, in giving priority to the informational needs of facility managers, this research offers a bottom-up perspective which argues for an integrated approach to health system strengthening which moves beyond atomised treatment of HIS strengthening. It suggests the need to re-think how to support facility managers by re-positioning the HIS relative to organisational learning, and leadership and management development.

Magister Educationis (Adult Learning and Global Change) - MEd(AL) / Scholars focusing on experiential learning argue that experience should be considered as critical for adult learning. This research paper frames experiential learning within a Constructivist framework. This paper focuses on an investigation into the ways that facilitators use the Continuous Learning Cycle, a model for learning based on Kolb's Learning Cycle, to facilitate learning through experience during the triad skills observation role-play in a workshop, which is part of an induction programme, for a retail bank. Indications are that facilitators use the Continuous Learning Cycle in limited ways, and therefore undermine the possibilities for optimal experiential learning; and that the Continuous Learning Cycle has limitations.

At the outset, I dis-claim any knowledge or understanding what-so-ever, which is a peculiar stance to take for a nurse educator immersed in the language of “expertise,” “best practices,” and “champion” healthcare offerings. I do not dis-claim knowledge to absolve my professional accountability, nor do I absolve myself of being responsible for my text, rather I apprehend this journey of sentience and incarnation as an infant experiencing and learning the world in which it finds itself. It is only through a naïve, furtive play that I am able to proceed, through the difficulties and paradoxical tensions of constructed identities, without complete paralysis. As I play and ponder my way through multiple methodologies, a representational form emerges between repetitious moments of contemplation, remembering lived experiences, and reflecting on philosophical discourses. The difficulty or tension lies in the provocation of identities, as nurse, educator, and mother, among many other stances and formulations. Each identified discourse compels me to challenge the gaps in my knowledge in new ways. As I explore, I unravel the forms of text that are various incarnations of narrative reflection. The choices I make are about inquiring through concept, form and identification, which I both uniquely challenge as an individual and hold in common by being socially and historically situated. Each transition, contemplation and provocation is hopeful and volatile. I am always attuned to how it is that I live the spaces between each, unknowing my “self” as my otherness, letting go the ideal/real and becoming the (/) through a relational pedagogy. / Education, Faculty of / Graduate

Introduction present in both volumes (1 and 2) of the handbooks.

Acknowledgments section present in both volumes (1 and 2) of the handbooks.

A comparative case study was conducted of two elementary science teachers' enactment of a formative assessment strategy, known as Reflective Assessment. Qualitative analysis of three data sources addressed the two research questions of the differences in enactment of RA and what those differences look like. This study suggests that differences do exist in how teachers implement formative assessment in the enactment of the same science curricula, though further investigation into this is needed.

Research indicates that making time for effective reflective practices could assist professionals to overcome stressful challenges and enhance learning. Educational psychologists also experience stressful challenges which can negatively impact on the quality of their services. The purpose of this study is to provide insight to the problem statement: Investigating the value of reflection for educational psychologists in private practice. A multiple case study design was utilised. The purposefully selected sample was composed of three educational psychologists in private practice based in Gauteng, South Africa. The data collection methods included semi-structured interviews, reflective journal entries and weekly verbal feedback. Using an interpretive approach, the analysis and interpretation of findings were categorised into five themes: (a) The use of reflective practices in educational psychologists’ private practice, (b) Content of reflections of educational psychologists in private practice, (c) Challenges when reflecting, (d) The influence of reflection in private practice, (e) The value of reflection in private practice. Time management, content and convenience were some of the major challenges experienced by all the participants. The value of reflective practice within an educational psychologist’s private practice included acting in the best interest of the client, facilitating change, meaning making and developing an inner reflective voice. This research revealed that novice educational psychologists needed a structured method of reflecting. Experienced psychologists emphasised the need for a sustainable, integrated method of reflection. Recommendations are offered for educational psychologists in private practice, for training, and for further research possibilities. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2019. / Educational Psychology / MEd / Unrestricted

The challenges of teaching include classroom management issues, lack of time, stress, and the constraints of core standards. In response to these challenges, I determined to change my attitude about being a teacher, become more reflective about my teaching practice and curriculum, and try to connect my artistic self to my teaching self. This thesis is an autoethnographic research of my own teaching practice designed to counter the challenges I was facing as a teacher. I wanted to become less reactive and more reflective about the challenges and rewards of being an artist teacher. This thesis is a reflection on my journey to find my own path toward professional growth and satisfaction through a careful study of my experiences teaching in a junior high school art room. In the end, this self-study has helped me become more flexible, understanding, and forgiving of myself as an artist and a teacher. I learned to allow myself to be flexible enough to let the research lead me in unforeseen directions and not fall into the trap of best practices. My attempt to apply some of my own artistic practices, such as in the use of materials, artists, and time constraints, to student projects was successful. I began by attempting to turn my teaching into my art practice; what I ended up doing was becoming a more reflective teacher.