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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
231

Projeto para mudança de conceito na fabricação de secador de cabelo, com foco na redução das emissões sonoras

Mondadori, Raul January 2009 (has links)
Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo o estudo da redução dos níveis de pressão sonora em secadores de cabelo, proposto através de uma mudança conceitual em seus projetos de fabricação. A proposta é extensiva aos aparelhos manuais e aos de base fixa, avaliando os níveis de pressão sonoros a que seus usuários estão expostos. A redução das emissões sonoras faz-se importante, não somente visando o atendimento da legislação quanto à manutenção da saúde do operador e os do seu entorno, como principalmente proporcionar e valorizar seu conforto no ambiente. Um modelo de secador de cabelo conceitual, e como tal ainda há que se adequar forma, tamanho e peso, portanto passivo de evoluções, foi elaborado para viabilizar os trabalhos práticos das avaliações das emissões sonoras em laboratório e em campo aberto. A partir de um secador de cabelo tradicional e um ventilador centrífugo foram realizados ensaios comparativos de medição de fluxo de massa entre ambos para garantir sua equivalência. Uma vez encontrados os parâmetros mássicos, os termos diferenciais entre os dois aparelhos passam a ser seus níveis de pressão sonora (NPS) e potências sonoras irradiadas (W) que, também, foram levantados e comparados. Para tomar ciência e identificar as faixas de frequência de trabalho de cada aparelho, foi procedida uma coleta de dados a campo aberto, identificando e comparandoos, através de um programa de computador (Agilent VEE por BECKER, 2006) onde tornam conhecidas as diferentes e predominantes faixas de freqüência de trabalho de ambos os aparelhos Os resultados demonstram uma redução de 7,0 dB a campo aberto e de até 10,5 dB em ambiente restrito, entre o secador de cabelo Parlux 2600 e o Secador de Cabelo Conceito quando deles em operação em velocidade máxima. Os ensaios pertinentes foram realizados nos laboratórios e dependências da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, seguindo entre outras a norma ISO 3744 para os ensaios de campo livre, na Fundação Zoobotânica de Porto Alegre. / This work has as main objective the study of the reduction of sound pressure levels in hair dryers, proposed using a conceptual change in their manufacturing projects. The proposal is akin to the manual instruments and fixed-base, assessing the levels of sound pressure to which users are exposed. The reduction of noise it is important not only to the fulfillment of the law regarding the preservation of health of the operator and his surroundings, especially as provide comfort and enhance your environment. A model of conceptual hair dryer, still in need to adapt form, size and weight, therefore passive of evolutions, was elaborated to make possible the practical works of the evaluations of the resonant emissions in laboratory and in open field. Starting from a traditional hair dryer and a centrifugal fan, it was made comparative rehearsals of measurement of mass flow between both to guarantee its equivalence. As soon as it was found the mass parameters the differential terms between the two devices start to be their sound pressure level (SPL) and irradiated sound potencies (W) that, also were presented and compared. To understand and identify the zones of work frequency of each device, a collection of data were produced in open field identifying and comparing them through a computer program (Agilent VEE by BECKER, 2006) where it was known the different and predominant zones of work frequency of both devices. The results show a reduction of 7,0 dB in open field and until 10,5dB at restrict work room, between the hair dryer Parlux 2600 and the Conceptual hair dryer operating in maximum speed. The pertinent rehearsals were accomplished in the laboratories and dependences of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, following among others, the norm "ISO 3744, of open field, and in the Zoobotanical Foundation of Porto Alegre.
232

Hidden Rotational Symmetries in Magnetic Domains

Su, Run 11 July 2013 (has links)
Magnetic films have gained great attention for decades because of their broad industrial application. Their modern functionality more and more relies on their domain structure. Magnetic films usually form complex domain patterns with unique structures at different length scales due to the competition between short range attractive and long range repulsive interactions. The ensemble of domains is topologically disordered, although each of them possesses orientational spin order. Since simplifying complexity is the key step to understand and transform nature, finding new orders from the ostensible disordered structures would be a fascinating topic. Scattering techniques are well-known powerful tools to detect orders. Coherent soft xray magnetic resonant scattering becomes accessible with the development of synchrotron radiation facilities. We applied the technique to study the domain structure of CoPd/MnIr multilayer films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. By tuning incident photon energy to Co 2p&rarr3d transition edge we collected small angle magnetic scattering patterns by a charged coupled device in transmission geometry. Each pattern is an unique fingerprint of the corresponding illuminated domain structure. The patterns were analyzed by an angular correlation method. A variety of striking rotational orders were discovered. Their evolution with applied fields was investigated. The sustainabilities of the orders under the room temperature, exchange biased (EB) state, and non-EB state were compared, which suggests that certain orders can be well manipulated under the EB condition. By simulating magnetic resonant scattering from domain patterns obtained by a direct imaging method, we probed the range of emerging orders and finite size effect. Our study provides a novel approach to characterizing magnetic films and potentially can be extended to any system with a complex microstructure. / 2015-07-11
233

Propriedades de transportes em fios e poços quânticos / Transport Properties of Quantum Wells and Quantum Wires

Batista Júnior, Francisco Florêncio January 2009 (has links)
BATISTA JÚNIOR, Francisco Florêncio. Propriedades de transportes em fios e poços quânticos. 2009. 73 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Física) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, Departamento de Física, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2009. / Submitted by Edvander Pires (edvanderpires@gmail.com) on 2015-05-04T19:05:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_ffbatistajunior.pdf: 2157799 bytes, checksum: 21fa9e91409293ec4b1914c4cd297c44 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edvander Pires(edvanderpires@gmail.com) on 2015-05-07T14:47:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_ffbatistajunior.pdf: 2157799 bytes, checksum: 21fa9e91409293ec4b1914c4cd297c44 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:47:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_ffbatistajunior.pdf: 2157799 bytes, checksum: 21fa9e91409293ec4b1914c4cd297c44 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Semiconductor materials are responsible for the large development in electronic industry, what made it possible the creation of new devices. The heterostructures gave a large impulse to the solid-state physics. Semiconductors study is nowadays concentrated in the low-dimensional systems, as quantum wells, quantum wires, quantum dots and quantum rings. In this work, we investigate the transport properties of heterostructured quantum wires of double barrier. We begin with calculation of radial confinement energy in a quantum wire InAs/InP of double barrier. We use a cylindrical model of wire with gradual and abrupt nterfaces. Transmission coefficients are calculated. We study its behavior varying barriers width, distance between them and the wire radius. In the future, we will use these results to calculate electric current through the device. We also investigate transport properties of bidimensional systems with self-energy potential. We use heterostructures of Si/SiO2 and Si/HfO2. We solve Poisson’s equation with epsilon depending on z, expanding the potential in a Fourier-Bessel series, finding the image potential of the barriers. We calculate the electric current through this potential in function of the applied voltage, varying temperature and the distance between the barriers. We also consider gradual interfaces for the simple barrier case. / Materiais semicondutores são os principais responsáveis pelo grande crescimento da indústria eletrônica e pelo surgimento de novas tecnologias. A criação de heteroestruturas possibilitou um grande impulso à física do estado sólido. Atualmente, o estudo de semicondutores está concentrado em sistemas de dimensionalidade reduzida, como os poços, fios, pontos e aneis quânticos. Neste trabalho, investigamos as propriedades de transporte em fios quânticos heteroestruturados de barreira dupla e em sistemas bidimensionais de barreira simples e dupla. Iniciamos com o cálculo da energia do confinamento radial no fio quântico InAs/InP de barreira dupla. Usamos um modelo de fio cilíndrico com e sem interfaces graduais. Calculamos as transmissões através das barreiras e estudamos o comportamento das mesmas variando a largura das barreiras, a distância entre elas e o raio do fio. Futuramente utilizaremos estes resultados para o cálculo da corrente elétrica através do dispositivo. Também investigamos as propriedades de transporte em sistemas bidimensionais com potencial de auto-energia. Utilizamos heteroestruturas formadas por Si/SiO2 e Si/HfO2. Sendo as constantes dielétricas dos óxidos diferentes do silício, resolvemos a equação de Poisson com epsilon dependente de z. Expandimos o potencial em uma série de Fourier-Bessel, encontrando, por fim, o potencial imagem para as barreiras. Calculamos a corrente elétrica através deste potencial em função da voltagem, variando a temperatura, a distância entre as barreiras. Também levamos em conta as interfaces graduais para o caso de barreira simples.
234

Power Supplies for the Study and Efficient use of DBD Excimer UV Lamps / Sources d'Alimentation Électrique pour l'Étude et l'Utilisation Efficace des Lampes Excimer DBD

Florez Rubio, David Magin 20 January 2014 (has links)
Avec l'objectif d'améliorer le rendement des lampes à excimères (Excilampe) à décharge à barrière diélectrique (DBD), un convertisseur en mode de courant, qui permet un ajustement précis de la puissance électrique injectée dans ce type des lampes, à été conçu et mis en oeuvre. Ce convertisseur fournit à la lampe un courant de forme d'onde carrée contrôlé au moyen de trois paramètres: l'amplitude, la fréquence et le rapport cyclique, pour obtenir un contrôle total de l'énergie électrique transmise à l'excilampe DBD. La mise en oeuvre intègre un transformateur élévateur comme interface entre la lampe et un commutateur. Les expériences démontrent le principe de fonctionnement de ce convertisseur, y compris les mesures de puissance du rayonnement UV. Les degrés de liberté du convertisseur sont utilisées pour analyser le comportement de la lampe sous différentes combinaisons de ces trois paramètres, et sont utilisés pour déterminer le point de fonctionnement optimal de la lampe. Ensuite, un convertisseur à résonance du type onduleur série, est proposé pour alimenter la lampe avec une grande efficacité électrique. Afin de contrôler effectivement la puissance de la lampe, le mode de fonctionnement de ce convertisseur utilise le mode de conduction discontinue et la commutation douce (ZCS), avec lequel on obtient aussi de faibles émissions électromagnétiques et l'on réduit les pertes de commutation. Les relations mathématiques obtenus à partir de l'analyse du diagramme de phase, ont été validées par des simulations et avec des résultats expérimentaux. Enfin, différentes topologies d'alimentations pour DBD sont comparées analytiquement et expérimentalement pour évaluer objectivement les avantages de chaque approche. Une des perspectives de ce travail est l'application de l'alimentation en créneaux pour l'étude de la performance d'autres types de réacteurs et d'excilampes DBD. / With the aim to provide a scientific tool for the enhancement of the Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) Excimer Lamps (Excilamp) performance, a current-mode converter that allows an accurate adjustment of the electrical power injected into one of those lamps, is designed and implemented. With the proposed converter, the current supplied to the lamp has a square shape, controlled by means of three parameters: amplitude, duty cycle and frequency, which provides full control of the lamp electrical power. Implementation is made considering a step-up transformer interfacing the high-voltage lamp with the converter. Experiments demonstrate the operating principle of this converter, including UV power measurements for a DBD XeCl Excilamp. The capabilities of the converter are used to analyze the lamp behavior under different combinations of these three parameters, illustrating its capabilities for finding the optimal operating point. Then a series-resonant inverter for the supply of DBD) excilamp is proposed. In order to effectively control the lamp power, the operating mode of this converter combines discontinuous current-mode and soft-commutation (ZCS), obtaining as well low electromagnetic emissions, and reduced switching losses. The mathematical relationships obtained from state plane analysis, are validated with simulations and experimental results. Finally, several topologies of DBDs power supplies are compared analytical and experimentally to elucidate the advantages of each approach. After this work, one of the perspectives is the application of the square-shape supply in the performance study of other types of DBD excilamps and DBD reactors.
235

Síntese de controladores ressonantes baseado em dados aplicado a fontes ininterruptas de energia

Schildt, Alessandro Nakoneczny January 2014 (has links)
Este trabalho trata da utilização de um método de sintonia de controladores baseado nos dados obtidos da planta. A proposta é a sintonia de controladores ressonantes para aplicação em inversores de frequência presentes em fontes ininterruptas de energia, com o intuito de seguimento de referência senoidal de tensão. Dentro deste contexto, será usado o algoritmo Virtual Reference Feedback Tuning, o qual é um método de identificação de controladores baseado em dados que não é iterativo e não necessita do modelo do sistema para identificar o controlador. A partir dos dados obtidos da planta e também da definição de um modelo de referência pelo projetista, o método estima os parâmetros de uma estrutura fixada previamente para o controlador através da minimização de uma função custo definida pelo erro entre a saída desejada e a saída real. Além disso, uma realimentação de corrente é necessária na malha de controle, onde seu ganho proporcional é definido por experimento empírico. Para demonstrar a utilização do método são apresentados resultados simulados e práticos de uma fonte ininterrupta de energia com potência de 5 kV A utilizando cargas lineares e não-lineares. É avaliado o desempenho do ponto de vista da qualidade do sinal de saída real obtido com controladores sintonizados a partir de diferentes modelos de referência, além do uso de sinais de excitação diversos para o algoritmo V RFT. Os resultados experimentais são obtidos em um inversor de frequência monofásico com uma plataforma em tempo real baseada na placa de aquisição de dados dSPACE DS1104. Os resultados mostram que, em relação as normas internacionais, o sistema de controle proposto possui bom comportamento para seguimento de referência, operando à vazio ou utilizando carga linear. / This work discusses about controller tuning methods based on plant data. The proposal is to tune resonant controllers for application to the frequency inverters found in uninterruptible power supplies, with the goal of following sinusoidal reference signals. Within this context, the Virtual Reference Feedback Tuning algorithm is used, which is a data-driven controller identification method that is not iterative and does not require a system model to identify the controller. Data obtained from the plant and also the definition of a reference model by the designer, are used by the method to estimate the parameters of a previously fixed controller structure through the minimization of a cost function, which is defined by the error between desired and actual outputs. Moreover, a current feedback is required in the control loop where the proportional gain is defined by empirical experiment. To demonstrate the method’s application, simulated and practical results of an uninterruptible power supply with capacity of the 5 kV A will be presented employing linear and nonlinear loads. Evaluates the performance in terms of system’s actual output quality, obtained with controllers tuned with different reference models. Distinct excitation signals are also used to feed the VRFT algorithm. The experimental results achieved from use of an single-phase inverter and a real-time platform based on data acquisition board dSPACE DS1104. The results show that, with respect to international standards, the proposed control system has good performance for tracking reference, operating at empty or using linear load.
236

Migrantes nor(destinados): uma análise sobre o estigma e a exclusão no ambiente escolar / Migrant nor(destinados): an analysis of stigma and exclusion in school environment

Napoli, Paulo Henrique [UNESP] 25 February 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Paulo Henrique Napoli null (profpaulonapoli@gmail.com) on 2016-04-06T19:30:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Mestrado Paulo Napoli.pdf: 1852000 bytes, checksum: 99776696d500de20e37d823e0bad58fd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-04-07T17:25:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 napoli_ph_me_bauru.pdf: 1852000 bytes, checksum: 99776696d500de20e37d823e0bad58fd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-07T17:25:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 napoli_ph_me_bauru.pdf: 1852000 bytes, checksum: 99776696d500de20e37d823e0bad58fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / Não recebi financiamento / Essa dissertação tem como objetivo propor um método de ensino, na forma de uma sequência didática, tendo como referência metodológica a Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica, para auxiliar os professores da educação básica, particularmente da disciplina de Sociologia, a evitarem relações discriminatórias, transferidas do meio social para o ambiente escolar, as quais foram aqui chamadas de “fenômenos caóticos ressonantes”. O método foi aplicado em alunos do ensino médio, de uma escola pública, no interior de São Paulo, procurando problematizar o processo de estigmatização exercido pelos alunos nativos da cidade e sofrido por estudantes de origem nordestina, resultando na melhoria da convivência entre ambos. / This dissertation aims to propose a method of teaching in the form of a didactic sequence, having as methodological reference the Historical-Critical Pedagogy, to help teachers of basic education, particularly the discipline of Sociology, to avoid discriminatory relations, transferred from the social environment to the school environment, which are here called "resonant chaotic phenomena." The method was applied to high school students in a public school in São Paulo, seeking to problematize the stigmatization process exercised by the native students from the city and undergone by students from the Northeast, resulting in improved coexistence between them.
237

Projeto para mudança de conceito na fabricação de secador de cabelo, com foco na redução das emissões sonoras

Mondadori, Raul January 2009 (has links)
Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo o estudo da redução dos níveis de pressão sonora em secadores de cabelo, proposto através de uma mudança conceitual em seus projetos de fabricação. A proposta é extensiva aos aparelhos manuais e aos de base fixa, avaliando os níveis de pressão sonoros a que seus usuários estão expostos. A redução das emissões sonoras faz-se importante, não somente visando o atendimento da legislação quanto à manutenção da saúde do operador e os do seu entorno, como principalmente proporcionar e valorizar seu conforto no ambiente. Um modelo de secador de cabelo conceitual, e como tal ainda há que se adequar forma, tamanho e peso, portanto passivo de evoluções, foi elaborado para viabilizar os trabalhos práticos das avaliações das emissões sonoras em laboratório e em campo aberto. A partir de um secador de cabelo tradicional e um ventilador centrífugo foram realizados ensaios comparativos de medição de fluxo de massa entre ambos para garantir sua equivalência. Uma vez encontrados os parâmetros mássicos, os termos diferenciais entre os dois aparelhos passam a ser seus níveis de pressão sonora (NPS) e potências sonoras irradiadas (W) que, também, foram levantados e comparados. Para tomar ciência e identificar as faixas de frequência de trabalho de cada aparelho, foi procedida uma coleta de dados a campo aberto, identificando e comparandoos, através de um programa de computador (Agilent VEE por BECKER, 2006) onde tornam conhecidas as diferentes e predominantes faixas de freqüência de trabalho de ambos os aparelhos Os resultados demonstram uma redução de 7,0 dB a campo aberto e de até 10,5 dB em ambiente restrito, entre o secador de cabelo Parlux 2600 e o Secador de Cabelo Conceito quando deles em operação em velocidade máxima. Os ensaios pertinentes foram realizados nos laboratórios e dependências da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, seguindo entre outras a norma ISO 3744 para os ensaios de campo livre, na Fundação Zoobotânica de Porto Alegre. / This work has as main objective the study of the reduction of sound pressure levels in hair dryers, proposed using a conceptual change in their manufacturing projects. The proposal is akin to the manual instruments and fixed-base, assessing the levels of sound pressure to which users are exposed. The reduction of noise it is important not only to the fulfillment of the law regarding the preservation of health of the operator and his surroundings, especially as provide comfort and enhance your environment. A model of conceptual hair dryer, still in need to adapt form, size and weight, therefore passive of evolutions, was elaborated to make possible the practical works of the evaluations of the resonant emissions in laboratory and in open field. Starting from a traditional hair dryer and a centrifugal fan, it was made comparative rehearsals of measurement of mass flow between both to guarantee its equivalence. As soon as it was found the mass parameters the differential terms between the two devices start to be their sound pressure level (SPL) and irradiated sound potencies (W) that, also were presented and compared. To understand and identify the zones of work frequency of each device, a collection of data were produced in open field identifying and comparing them through a computer program (Agilent VEE by BECKER, 2006) where it was known the different and predominant zones of work frequency of both devices. The results show a reduction of 7,0 dB in open field and until 10,5dB at restrict work room, between the hair dryer Parlux 2600 and the Conceptual hair dryer operating in maximum speed. The pertinent rehearsals were accomplished in the laboratories and dependences of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, following among others, the norm "ISO 3744, of open field, and in the Zoobotanical Foundation of Porto Alegre.
238

New Passive Methodology for Power Cable Monitoring and Fault Location

January 2015 (has links)
abstract: The utilization of power cables is increasing with the development of renewable energy and the maintenance replacement of old overhead power lines. Therefore, effective monitoring and accurate fault location for power cables are very important for the sake of a stable power supply. The recent technologies for power cable diagnosis and temperature monitoring system are described including their intrinsic limitations for cable health assessment. Power cable fault location methods are reviewed with two main categories: off-line and on-line data based methods. As a diagnostic and fault location approach, a new passive methodology is introduced. This methodology is based on analyzing the resonant frequencies of the transfer function between the input and output of the power cable system. The equivalent pi model is applied to the resonant frequency calculation for the selected underground power cable transmission system. The characteristics of the resonant frequencies are studied by analytical derivations and PSCAD simulations. It is found that the variation of load magnitudes and change of positive power factors (i.e., inductive loads) do not affect resonant frequencies significantly, but there is considerable movement of resonant frequencies under change of negative power factors (i.e., capacitive loads). Power cable fault conditions introduce new resonant frequencies in accordance with fault positions. Similar behaviors of the resonant frequencies are shown in a transformer (TR) connected power cable system with frequency shifts caused by the TR impedance. The resonant frequencies can be extracted by frequency analysis of power signals and the inherent noise in these signals plays a key role to measure the resonant frequencies. Window functions provide an effective tool for improving resonant frequency discernment. The frequency analysis is implemented on noise laden PSCAD simulation signals and it reveals identical resonant frequency characteristics with theoretical studies. Finally, the noise levels of real voltage and current signals, which are acquired from an operating power plant, are estimated and the resonant frequencies are extracted by applying window functions, and these results prove that the resonant frequency can be used as an assessment for the internal changes in power cable parameters such as defects and faults. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Electrical Engineering 2015
239

Réflectivité magnétique résonante de rayons X mous : une sonde de la distribution d'aimantation complexe au sein de films minces / Soft X-ray Resonant Magnetic Reflectivity : a probe for complex magnetization distribution in thin films

Jal, Emmanuelle 26 September 2013 (has links)
Cette thèse traite de l'étude de films ultra minces de Fe par réflectivité magnétique résonante de rayons X mous (SXRMR). La technique de SXRMR associe les effets magnéto-optiques aux propriétés de diffusions des rayons X, ce qui permet sonder les propriétés magnétiques avec une résolution spatiale en profondeur. Un profil magnétique résolu en profondeur est donc dérivé des expériences, permettant d'étudier les effets des interfaces sur l'homogénéité des propriétés magnétiques. Dans un premier temps nous présentons l'étude d'un film mince de Fe sur un substrat vicinal d'Ag(116) recouvert par quinze monocouches d'Au. Cette étude révèle que l'aimantation est augmentée de 20 à 30$\%$ dans les deux à trois monocouches proches des interfaces d'Au et d'Ag, quelque soit la température et l'épaisseur de la couche de Fe. Nous avons également mis en évidence une inhomogénéité de la composante hors du plan à basse température pour des échantillons ayant un axe de facile perpendiculaire aux marches : la composante de l'aimantation hors du plan est de plus en plus grande lorsqu'on se rapproche du substrat vicinal d'Ag. Dans un deuxième temps, nous présentons l'étude d'un film mince de six monocouches de Fe sur du Cu(100) et recouvert par une couche d'Au. En utilisant une approche originale de contrainte sur les paramètres magnétiques, nous avons pû mettre en évidence que la dépendance de l'aimantation en fonction de la température n'était pas la même selon la position de la monocouches dans le film mince de Fe, comme prédit théoriquement par Sandratski. / This thesis deals about depth resolved magnetic profile of ultrathin Fe layers studied by soft X-ray Resonant Magnetic Reflectivity (SXRMR). This SXRMR technique combines magneto-optic effects to X-ray scattering allowing to be sensitive to magnetic properties as well as to be depth resolved. For each experiments, the depth resolved magnetic profile found allows to study interfaces effect on the homogeneity of magnetic properties. First, we present the study of a thin film of Fe grown on a vicinal substrate of Ag(116) and covered by fifteen monolayers of Au. This study reveal that the magnetization is enhanced of 20 to 30$\%$ int the two to three monolayers near both interfaces, whatever the temperature and the Fe thickness are. We have also discover an inhomogeneity of the magnetic out of plane component at low temperature for sample where the magnetization easy axis is perpendicular to the steps : the magnetic out of plane component is more and more important when we go strait to the vicinal substrate of Ag. Second, we show the study of a thin film of six monolayers of Fe grown on a Cu(100) substrate and covered by a Au layer. Using a new way of strain on magnetic parameter we have highlighted that the temperature dependance of the magnetization is not the same depending ont the position of the monolayer inside the Fe thin film as predicted by the theory of Sandratski.
240

Controle de frequência para otimização da potência em um sistema de transmissão de energia sem fios

Diniz Junior, Walter Ferreira January 2017 (has links)
Nesse trabalho é apresentada uma estratégia de controle para manter a potência entregue a carga do link indutivo de um sistema de transferência de potência sem fios maximizada continuamente. Inicialmente, foi desenvolvido o modelo do link indutivo do sistema, de forma a encontrar uma expressão para a potência na carga. Em seguida, essa expressão foi analisada, buscando os pontos de potência máxima correspondentes às frequências ressonantes quando o fator de acoplamento magnético do link indutivo era variado. Assim, foi estabelecido um método para estimar esse fator de acoplamento k e consequentemente da indutância mútua M a partir do monitoramento direto da fase e do módulo da corrente de entrada do link e indireto da impedância de entrada. Portanto, a estratégia de controle proposta consiste em monitorar a corrente da fonte de entrada do link para estimar o fator de acoplamento magnético k e finalmente, sintonizar a fonte na frequência de ressonância associada ao coeficiente de acoplamento magnético pela função obtida fres(k). Os resultados experimentais mostraram que a estratégia proposta aumenta significativamente a potência entregue a carga em comparação a uma fonte de alimentação sintonizada em uma frequência fixa. / A control strategy is presented in this work to maintain the power delivered to a load continuously maximized at the output of a wireless power transfer system. Initially, the inductive link model of the system was developed in order to find an expression for the power delivered to the load. Thus, the maximum power delivered to the load points were obtained experimentally while the magnetic coupling factor of the inductive link was varied and associated with the frequency of the source. The frequency and magnetic coupling variables were related to the maximum power on the load by a simple analytic function. Thus, a method has been established to estimate the coupling factor k and consequently the mutual inductance M by direct monitoring of the phase and the module of the input current of the link and indirect monitoring of the input impedance. Therefore, the proposed control strategy is to monitor the current of the input source of the link to estimate the magnetic coupling factor k and finally to tune the source at the resonance frequencies associated to the magnetic coupling coefficient by the obtained function fres(k). The experimental results showed that the proposed strategy increases significantly the power delivered to the load compared to a power source tuned at a fixed frequency.

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