El presente proyecto está dentro de las estrategias del océano azul porque se basa en crear un nuevo espacio en el mercado donde la competencia es mínima o casi nula. La crema cúrcuma no compite con un mercado donde existe una guerra de precios, el producto nos ha permitido encontrar nuevos mercados y clientes ofreciéndoles propuesta de valor diferente a las de la competencia. Se detallarán todas las estrategias necesarias para lograr posicionar el producto dentro del mercado de océano azul de la industria del cuidado de la piel. ● Crear nuevos espacios de consumo ● Centrarse en la idea de negocio, mas no en los números ● Asegurar la viabilidad ● Conocer más allá de la demanda Por otro lado, plan de RSE nos ayuda a diferenciar a los principales grupos de interés para la empresa, es por lo que se debe tener mayor cuidado con ellos, principalmente debido a que nuestra propuesta de valor está orientada en un comienzo a nuestros clientes y sin dejar de lado a las comunidades con las que se trabajará para desarrollar un progreso sostenible y de la mano con nuestros colaboradores. Además, dentro del trabajo se desarrollará uno estrategia de marketing mix que nos permita logra cada uno de los objetivos de la empresa. Teniendo en cuenta las nuevas tendencias del mercado, los puntos de venta estratégicos, los mecanismos de aceleración o aumento de las ventas en el menor tiempo posible y la formulación de la propuesta de nuestro producto. / This project is within the strategies of blue ocean since it is based on creating a new space in the market where competition is minimal or non-existent. Turmeric cream does not compete with a market where there is a price war. The product has allowed us to find new markets and customers by offering them a value proposition different from those of the competition. All the necessary strategies to position the product within the blue ocean market of the skin care industry will be detailed below: To create new consumer spaces, To focus on the business idea, not the numbers, To ensure viability, To know beyond demand. On the other hand, RSE plan helps us to differentiate the main stakeholders for the company, that is why we must be careful with them. This is mainly because our value proposition is oriented, firstly, to our customers, without leaving aside the communities with which we will work. And all of this in order to develop sustainable progress and also with the help of our workers. In addition, within our work we will develop a marketing mix strategy that will allows us to achieve each of the objectives of the company. Taking into account new market trends, strategic points of sale, mechanisms to accelerate or increase sales in the shortest period of time and the formulation of the proposal of our product. / Trabajo de investigación

Computational modeling approaches have lately been earning their place as viable tools in drug discovery. Research efforts more often include computational component and the usage of the scientific software is commonplace at more stages of the drug discovery pipeline. However, as software takes on more responsibility and the computational methods grow more involved, the gap grows between research entities that have the means to maintain the necessary computational infrastructure and those that lack the technical expertise or financial means to obtain and include computational component in their scientific efforts. To fill this gap and to meet the need of many, mainly academic, labs numerous community contributions collectively known as open source projects play an increasingly important role. This work describes design, implementation and application of a set of drug discovery workflows based on the CHARMMing (CHARMM interface and graphics) web-server. The protocols described herein include docking, virtual target screening, de novo drug design, SAR/QSAR modeling as well as chemical education. The performance of the newly developed workflows is evaluated by applying them to a number of scientific problems that include reproducibility of crystal poses of small molecules in protein-ligand systems, identification of potential targets of a library of natural compounds as well as elucidating molecular targets of a vitamin. The results of these inquiries show that protocols developed as part of this effort perform comparably to commercial products, are able to produce results consistent with the experimental data and can substantially enrich the research efforts of labs with otherwise little or no computational component.

Network resources (such as bandwidth on a link) are not unlimited, and must be shared by all networked applications in some manner of fairness. This calls for the development and implementation of effective strategies that enable optimal utilization of these scarce network resources among the various applications that share the network. Although several rate controllers have been proposed in the literature to address the issue of optimal rate allocation, they do not appear to capture other factors that are of critical concern. For example, consider a battlefield data fusion application where a fusion center desires to allocate more bandwidth to incoming flows that are perceived to be more accurate and important. For these applications, network users should consider transmission rates of other users in the process of rate allocation. Hence, a rate controller should consider application specific rate coordination directives given by the underlying application. The work reported herein addresses this issue of how a rate controller may establish and maintain the desired application specific rate coordination directives. We identify three major challenges in meeting this objective. First, the application specific performance measures must be formulated as rate coordination directives. Second, it is necessary to incorporate these rate coordination directives into a rate controller. Of course, the resulting rate controller must co-exist with ordinary rate controllers, such as TCP Reno, in a shared network. Finally, a mechanism for identifying those flows that require the rate allocation directives must be put in place. The first challenge is addressed by means of a utility function which allows the performance of the underlying application to be maximized. The second challenge is addressed by utilizing the Network Utility Maximization (NUM) framework. The standard utility function (i.e. utility function of the standard rate controller) is augmented by inserting the application specific utility function as an additive term. Then the rate allocation problem is formulated as a constrained optimization problem, where the objective is to maximize the aggregate utility of the network. The gradient projection algorithm is used to solve the optimization problem. The resulting solution is formulated and implemented as a window update function. To address the final challenge we resort to a machine learning algorithm. We demonstrate how data features estimated utilizing only a fraction of the flow can be used as evidential input to a series of Bayesian Networks (BNs). We account for the uncertainty introduced by partial flow data through the Dempster-Shafer (DS) evidential reasoning framework.

The exchange rate target zone has been paid much attention in the early 1990 initially by Krugman (1991).It expressed when exchange rate surpasses the band of exchange rate that implicitly or explicitly determined by the central bank, the central Bank will intervene the foreign exchange by buying or selling foreign exchange to ensure the exchange rate staying inside the band, otherwise, the exchange rate will be allowed to fluctuate inside the band freely.According to Krugman (1991), when economic system faces random disturbances, the exchange rate target zone regime is helpful to narrow down the exchange rate volatility contrast to that in the floating exchange rate regime. That is, the exchange rate target zone has more essential stability,which is called ``honeymoon effect". In recent decade, Krugman's exchange rate target zone model has been tested empirically.In this thesis, the smooth transition autoregression with target zone (STARTZ) proposed originally by Lundbergh and Ter"{a}svirta (2006) and logistic smooth transition regression with two thresholds (LSTR2) are used to make comparisons for in-sample fitness and out-of-sample forcastability.Furthermore, we also test two important assumptions of the exchange rate target zone model: the credibility assumption and marginal interventions. The data are constructed with 755 daily spot exchange rates, denominated in Eurpean Currency Unit (ECU), from January 14, 1987 to December 29, 1989, in German, France, and Italy.We split the sample into in-sample (570 observations), and out-of-sample (185 observations), and make use of STARTZ-GARCH and LSTR2-STGARCH to fit the in-sample regimes, and apply Rapach and Wohard (2006)'s Bootstapping to generate the out-of-sample forecasts. Finally,we make use of Diebold and Mariano (1995)'s predictive accuracy tests to compare the out-of-sample forecastability between STARTZ and LSTR2 models.According to the empirical results, we can find that LSTR2 model has not bad performance in fitting the in-sample and forecasting the out-of-sample data compared to STARTZ model.

The aim of this research is to establish a measurement system to acquire 2-D sound scattering field by an underwater target. In the system, A 3-DOF (degree of freedom) block is remotely orientated by Borland C++ Builder programming language and the batch-processing for signals is used to estimate strength by programing language, Matlab. The process of experiment is simplified by standard operating procedure and the safty of facilities is controled by monitor. Based on the improvements above-mentioned, we can develop an more automatical system to save time effectively, better work conditions, reduce personnel cost, and acquire more objective outcomes. We set up experiment in an water tank of dimension 4mx3.5mx2 m, located in National Sun Yat-sen University, and choose a copper sphere of diameter 60 mm as target. The projector and receiver both are iTP-192k transducer with directivity and frequency response at 192k Hz. In order to measure the 2-D scattering field at 1 m from target without strong boundary interference, projector transmits 64 sine waves at 3.8 Hz and receiver changes direction by block and rotating mechanisms. The effects of direct signal in forward scattering field can be reduced by modified signal process according to Ding (JASA, 101(6), pp.3398-3404, 1997). The difference between actual and theoretical magnitude, based on Hickling (JASA, 34(10), pp.1582-1592, 1962), is 2~3 dB in most of backward scattering region and parts of forward scattering region (30¢X~60¢X and 300¢X~330¢X), and 5~10 dB in else forward scttering range. Generally speaking, that experimental result displays symmetrical distribution corresponds with theory and indicates the design of mechanism, software and procedure in this study practicable and useful for further research in the future.

In the 1960’s, the Japanese car manufacturer Toyota developed target costing – a management accounting model that reduces the risk of releasing unprofitable products. The method eventually spread to Swedish firms. The study starts by summing recent previous research on target costing in Sweden (full description of these studies is available in Appendix I). Looking at this research, it is noted that there is an inconsistency with regards to what principles of target costing are used, and which are not. It is also noted that some firms are claimed to be used target costing and some firms are claimed not to be using it. No study, however, has tried to find an explanation to why some principles are implemented and why some are not. This is also the theoretical contribution of this thesis. More specifically, the research problems are therefore: (1) is target costing really implemented in a different way in Sweden as compared to Japan and (2), if so, why are there differences? It is further assumed that ideology could be a good explaining variable for the possible differences in implementation. In answering the first question, target costing is firstly described according to well-known books and articles on the subject. Following normative description, a presentation is made how target costing has been employed in Sweden. Secondary data based on three quantative studies is used here. These two descriptions are then contrasted against each other and it is found that target costing is implemented in a different way as compared to normative Japanese literature. Next, the second question is answered by constructing a theoretical framework based on ideological- and managerial assumptions of Japan and Sweden, respectively. This framework is then used to try to explain the differences mentioned above. Through the analysis it is observed that the Swedes’ lower priority of financial goal as well as their orientation towards the future are often used to explain the differences. These two aspects are also two of the main differences between Swedish and Japanese ideologies. It is therefore concluded that the differences might be explained using ideological assumptions, although there are probably other important factors as well. An implication of the result is that it is questionable whether target costing even will reach popularity in Sweden. Finally, it is also concluded that Likert-scales are not usefil when measuring target costing implementation

Hox genes are evolutionarily conserved transcription factors which act to control important developmental pathways involved in morphogenesis of the embryo. Hoxa2 is expressed in the developing CNS in rhombomeres 2-7 in the presumptive hindbrain. During development Hoxa2 expression extends caudally throughout the spinal cord and persists into adulthood.</p><p> Although previous analysis of Hoxa2 expression indicates its possible role in neuronal circuit specification and/or dorsal-ventral patterning within the spinal cord, the precise genetic pathways through which Hoxa2 affects spinal cord development have not been characterized. We have used immunoprecipitation of Hoxa2-target DNA complexes from chromatin preparations of E18 mouse spinal cord and hindbrain tissue to isolate in vivo downstream target genes of Hoxa2. Seven DNA fragments were isolated, sequenced and were shown to exhibit in vitro DNA binding by Hoxa2. A search of sequence databases for the target sequences revealed that of these, two displayed high identity with novel mouse genes: toll-associated serine protease (Tasp) and the murine homolog of the human dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinase 4 (Dyrk4). Also, two of the isolated clones are presumably bacterial sequences containing the canonical homeodomain binding site TAAT, and the remaining three clones have not yet been mapped in the mouse genome. A potential core Hoxa2 binding motif consisting of 5' CCATCA/T 3', which is based on a previously characterized Hoxa2-Pbx consensus sequence (Lampe et al., 2004), has been identified in both the Tasp and Dyrk4 intronic elements. Both Dyrk4 and Tasp mRNA have been detected within the developing mouse from E10-18 and in the adult CNS. Analysis by RT-PCR of Tasp expression in Hoxa2-/- newborn mice hindbrain and spinal cord tissues showed an upregulation of Tasp, and transient transfection experiments indicated that Hoxa2 may act as a transcriptional repressor of Tasp through an intronic regulatory element. Transfection studies using the intronic sequence of Dyrk4 indicated that it may function as an enhancer of transcription of Dyrk4 in the presence of Hoxa2. Both Dyrk4 and Tasp belong to large protein subfamilies whose members play a role in numerous developmental pathways in several organisms. Tasp, also known as HtrA3, interacts with TGFâ signaling molecules which are known to be key regulators of development, dorsoventral patterning and are involved in various neuronal pathways. Although the function of Dyrk4 is not known, many of its family members are involved in the regulation of transcription factors and signaling molecules via phosphorylation that are involved in neuronal pathways also. Hoxa2 may act in specifying neuronal subtypes and dorsoventral patterning in the CNS through down and upregulation of its downstream targets Dyrk4 and Tasp, respectively.

In modern systems for air surveillance, it is important to have a high quality situationassessment. SAAB has a system for air surveillance, and in this thesis possibleimprovements of the tracking performance of this system are explored. The focushas been on improving the tracking of highly maneuverable targets observed withlow sampling rate. To evaluate improvements of the tracking performance, a componentthat is similar to the one used in SAAB’s present tracker was implementedin an Interacting Multiple Model (IMM) structure. The use of an Auxiliary ParticleFilter for improving the tracking performance is explored, and a way to fita particle filter into SAAB’s existing IMM framework is proposed. The differentfilters were implemented in Matlab, and evaluation was done by the meansof Monte Carlo simulations. The results from Monte Carlo simulations show significantimprovement when tracking in two dimensions. However, the results inthree dimensions do not display any substantial overall improvement when usingthe particle filter compared to using SAAB’s present filter. It is therefore notworthwhile to switch the filter used in SAAB’s present tracker for a particle filter,at least not under the high SNR circumstances presented in this thesis. However,further studies within this area are recommended before any final decisions aremade.

Hox genes are evolutionarily conserved transcription factors which act to control important developmental pathways involved in morphogenesis of the embryo. Hoxa2 is expressed in the developing CNS in rhombomeres 2-7 in the presumptive hindbrain. During development Hoxa2 expression extends caudally throughout the spinal cord and persists into adulthood.</p><p> Although previous analysis of Hoxa2 expression indicates its possible role in neuronal circuit specification and/or dorsal-ventral patterning within the spinal cord, the precise genetic pathways through which Hoxa2 affects spinal cord development have not been characterized. We have used immunoprecipitation of Hoxa2-target DNA complexes from chromatin preparations of E18 mouse spinal cord and hindbrain tissue to isolate in vivo downstream target genes of Hoxa2. Seven DNA fragments were isolated, sequenced and were shown to exhibit in vitro DNA binding by Hoxa2. A search of sequence databases for the target sequences revealed that of these, two displayed high identity with novel mouse genes: toll-associated serine protease (Tasp) and the murine homolog of the human dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinase 4 (Dyrk4). Also, two of the isolated clones are presumably bacterial sequences containing the canonical homeodomain binding site TAAT, and the remaining three clones have not yet been mapped in the mouse genome. A potential core Hoxa2 binding motif consisting of 5' CCATCA/T 3', which is based on a previously characterized Hoxa2-Pbx consensus sequence (Lampe et al., 2004), has been identified in both the Tasp and Dyrk4 intronic elements. Both Dyrk4 and Tasp mRNA have been detected within the developing mouse from E10-18 and in the adult CNS. Analysis by RT-PCR of Tasp expression in Hoxa2-/- newborn mice hindbrain and spinal cord tissues showed an upregulation of Tasp, and transient transfection experiments indicated that Hoxa2 may act as a transcriptional repressor of Tasp through an intronic regulatory element. Transfection studies using the intronic sequence of Dyrk4 indicated that it may function as an enhancer of transcription of Dyrk4 in the presence of Hoxa2. Both Dyrk4 and Tasp belong to large protein subfamilies whose members play a role in numerous developmental pathways in several organisms. Tasp, also known as HtrA3, interacts with TGFâ signaling molecules which are known to be key regulators of development, dorsoventral patterning and are involved in various neuronal pathways. Although the function of Dyrk4 is not known, many of its family members are involved in the regulation of transcription factors and signaling molecules via phosphorylation that are involved in neuronal pathways also. Hoxa2 may act in specifying neuronal subtypes and dorsoventral patterning in the CNS through down and upregulation of its downstream targets Dyrk4 and Tasp, respectively.

This study was carried out in order to investigate the purpose of Bob Dylan’s creative metaphors. Focus was on whether they were used for artistic effect or to simplify and concretize abstract concepts. Ten songs written in the last five decades were randomly selected and searched for occurrences of creative metaphors. The metaphors found were chronologically listed and discussed in terms of potential source and target domains in order to determine their purpose. The results showed rather clearly that Dylan’s creative metaphors, regardless of whether the domains were abstract or concrete, seemed to complicate rather than simplify the interpretation of a line. There were a few instances where the creative metaphors could be interpreted as being explanatory; however, this was regarded as a secondary effect since it was clear that the primary purpose for Dylan’s creative metaphors was to add an artistic touch. Moreover, this purpose did not seem to have changed in any way during the last five decades.