In this research, concept of play and types of outdoor playgrounds were explored in the light of the relevant literature. A field study was conducted in order to determine the attributes of traditional type playground equipment in children&amp / #8217 / s developmental needs. KurtuluS Park of Ankara was determined as the research area whereas, 70 children, aged between 6 to 12, were randomly selected and observed. Data on age, sex, favourite type of playground equipment and play behaviour of the child were collected by means of an observation sheet. A short interview with the child was also conducted after the observation session. Collected data were encoded, analyzed and interpretted by using Pearson&amp / #8217 / s Chi-square Test and Fisher&amp / #8217 / s Exact Chi-square Test with 95% ( &amp / #945 / = 0.05 ) confidence intervals. The results of the field study revealed that today&amp / #8217 / s playgrounds have little value in terms of play. Limitations of fixed playground equipment directly affect children&amp / #8217 / s developmental needs. The findings of the research study indicates that traditional type play structures support physical and social development of the child to a certain extent. However, this kind of equipment do not foster cognitive and emotional development of children.

Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 289-337). / Electronic reproduction. / Also available by subscription via World Wide Web / 337 leaves, bound ill., maps 29 cm

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 201-208). / xii, 208 leaves, bound ill., maps 29 cm

<p>A qualitative study was carried out to assess the role of traditional healers in oral health care in Kwa-Zulu Natal province, South Africa. The aim and objectives of the study were to assess the oral care knowledge and practices among traditional healers, to determine the extent to which traditional healers can diagnose oral conditions and how they could be used in the provision of primary health care and prevention of the spread of HIV infection. Another objective was to use the information collected to serve as a guide for collaborative oral disease prevention programme development.</p> <p><br /> Three categories of traditional healers were identified in the sample: Isangomas, Nyangas and Umthandezelis. The average age of the sample was 45 years and the majority was female. Most healers were in training for between eight months and ten years. All traditional healers reported seeing patients with oral diseases and 93% reported that they referred patients elsewhere for additional help. All healers treated their patients with natural remedies. Seventy three per cent of the sample reported that they treated patients with HIV/AIDS. Less than 30% of the sample knew that AIDS was caused by a virus and 47% reported being &lsquo / told&rsquo / by the ancestors whether an oral disease was HIV/AIDS.</p> <p><br /> In this study traditional healers were shown a series of ten photographs of common oral diseases and oral HIV lesions and asked to identify as many lesions as possible. Following basic training and education about the causes and diagnostic features of the lesions, 100% of traditional healers were then able to identify aphthous ulcers, 80% Kaposi's sarcoma and 73% could recognize cancer of the tongue. These results showed that given proper education, traditional healers could play an important role in early detection of not only the common oral diseases but also the oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS. In addition, most traditional healers are skilled in interpersonal relations and if provided with the correct information they could be very effective as AIDS councilors.</p> <p><br /> The traditional healers demonstrated good knowledge of the transmission, risk groups and prevention strategies for HIV/AIDS and they could serve as an important resource of information and should be incorporated in community based AIDS prevention and other programmes.</p>

The contemporary notion of sustainability is emerging as a political response to ecological and social problems associated with human development. It is a contested concept - eco-modernists interpret it as a call to rethink or adjust industrial production systems while others interpret it as a fundamental challenge to the dominant development paradigm. Corporations are playing a key role in shaping the discourse. Many argue that since corporations have enormous influence in the global political economy, they must take the lead in the search for sustainability. The World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) promotes eco-efficiency - an eco-modernist stance - as the primary business contribution to sustainability. However, the potential of the corporate focus on efficiency to contribute to sustainability is a subject of debate. In this thesis, I use a heterogeneous methodological approach to explore the interaction between corporations (with a focus on multinational corporations) and the discourse of sustainability in order to identify the potential for positive outcomes. I consider the compatibility of aspects of corporate identity and organisational structure to the ethos of sustainability. This leads to an examination of the meeting between corporations and sustainability as a reflexive process, paying particular attention to the ways in which language and mythology serve to uphold or transform existing power relations. I also explore forms of knowledge relevant to sustainability, comparing those that are typically emphasized in corporate enterprise with traditional, Indigenous and local ways of knowing that are essential to sustainability. The knowledge of classical equestrianism is used as an example in this analysis. Practical ways of including all these essential perspectives in the discourse are considered. The thesis concludes that certain aspects of corporate identity, structure and function are incompatible with the ideals of sustainability and that these disparities must be borne in mind as corporations attempt to embrace sustainability. I contend that sustainability requires network approaches that integrate strong and weak relations as well as diverse values and forms of knowledge. Sustainability can only be achieved with broad civic engagement that allows the synergistic combination of all values and knowledges relevant to sustainability. Furthermore, I argue that while corporations’ orientation towards market-based strategies has significant potential to support sustainability, it is limited since the market is fundamentally constituted by a network of weak ties. Therefore the thesis argues that while corporations can provide significant benefits in terms of sustainability, they cannot be expected to lead the sustainability agenda as it requires discursive plurality. The efficacy of the corporate contribution to sustainability will be greatly enhanced if companies are guided by strong democratic processes of deliberation and community engagement.

Diss. (sammanfattning). Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (PhD (Medical Plant Science)--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Summary in English. Includes bibliographical references. Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Plant Science, 2001. / Bibliography: leaves 220-247.

Thesis (MSc (Paraclinical Sciences))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print format.

Thesis (M.P.H.M. (Primary Health Care Management))--Mahidol University, 2004.