Includes bibliographical references and index.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Frankfurt, 2002.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin, 1968. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-93).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003. / Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Margartio Mazo, School of Music. "Publisher's no.: UMI 3115761." Includes bibliographical references (p. 276-298). Also issued online.

Thesis (PhD. (Phytomedicine)--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references. Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.Arch.)(Prof.)--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references. Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.

Traditional healers have a different understanding of psychological illnesses to the western paradigm as well as a different way of diagnosing and treating psychological illnesses. Aims and Objectives. This study’s aim is to examine how traditional healers understand the causes of mental illness mainly focusing on amafufunyana and how this understanding informs treatments methods. Method. This has been done based on hermeneutic phenomenology by drawing from the lived experience of traditional healers through a focus group interview. Results. Upon analysis of the data it becomes clear that traditional healers understand the aetiology of amafufunyana to be supernatural forces. Amafufunyana present in overt and covert symptoms and the diagnostic process entails connecting with the ancestors for their guidance and confirmation of diagnosis, as well as guidance on which imithi to use. The treatment process is congruent with the diagnostic process as it also entails guidance from the ancestors on which imithi to use. Other valuable aspects of traditional healing were brought forward while conducting this study. The aspect of protection from the ancestors was emphasised. It became evident in the analysis of this study that the rituals that are performed in order to appease the ancestors facilitate the connection to the ancestors and through maintaining this connect one can be protected from an array of illnesses and misfortunes. Recommendations. It is recommended that recommended that more studies are conducted with traditional healers in order to give them an opportunity to elaborate on their lived experience of healing, as it was observed that a majority of literature speak on behalf of traditional healers.

This study analyzed the role of traditional healing as a health care delivery system in the context of a transcultural society. The perspectives, experiences and personal accounts of 90 respondents were assessed with respect to the categories used by the World Health Organization in its goal of primary health care. Focusing in the research setting that was based in the Limpopo Province, in South Africa the researcher sought to determine whether health practitioners appreciated and understood traditional healing system; if health institutions could integrate traditional healing systems; and how collaboration of the two health systems can be realized. Furthermore, drawing on a blend of qualitative and quantitative research design, the research project was intended to establish the extent to which traditional medicine equipped health practitioners with knowledge of traditional healing techniques and whether practitioners would reconcile traditional and conventional medicine. Drawing on a modified version of the structure of Leininger's Sunrise model, which states that cultural, physical and social structure dimensions are influenced by multiple factors. The research findings offer insights into the historical, social, economic, cultural, among other developments, that lead to integrationist approach in health care systems. Concluding remarks that health practitioners should pursue a policy of neutrality follow a discussion of the findings, emphasizing, the need to allow health consumers to seek traditional health care system, if they so desire. Recommendations include suggestions for further research to determine effective partnerships between traditional and conventional health care systems. / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

Current political forces see education as a potential solution to the economic slide the United States is experiencing. This push toward higher education and resulting employment creates a conflict for women expected by society to serve as primary caregivers of children. Research suggests that working mothers experience feelings of guilt related to the conflict between parenting and employment roles that may come from failure to personify the intensive mothering ideology. Student parents potentially share this guilt but few studies exist that investigate this. The results of this study suggest that student parents do experience guilt and identify relationships between guilt, gender, and relationship status. The nature of these relationships is unclear at this time, highlighting the need for further research

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Estudar o efeito do OECN e do 1.8 cineol, componentes do CrÃton nepetaefolius, planta do Nordeste usada na medicina popular para distÃrbios do trato gastrintestinal (TGI), sobre o comportamento motor do TGI de ratos Wistar. Para tanto,foram utilizados 121 animais machos, pesando entre 200 a 350g, distribuÃdos nos dois seguintes grupos de estudo: i) esvaziamento gÃstrico (EG), trÃnsito gastrintestinal (GI) de lÃquido e pressÃo arterial (PA) em ratos acordados, ii) complacÃncia gÃstrica, PA, pressÃo venosa central (PVC) e freqÃÃncia cardÃaca (FC) de ratos anestesiados. Foram avaliados, em 106 ratos acordados sob jejum e livre acesso à Ãgua por 24h, o efeito da injeÃÃo (0,2mL; e.v.) de OECN (3  g/Kg) e do 1.8 cineol (1, 3, 10 e 30 Âg/Kg) ou veÃculo (salina 0,9%) sobre o EG e o trÃnsito GI de lÃquido, bem como sobre a PA. Mediante gavagem, 1,5mL da refeiÃÃo-teste (vermelho de fenol - 0,5mg/mL em glicose a 5%) foi injetada no estÃmago. Depois de 10min,foram sacrificados os animais e, apÃs laparotomia, obstruÃmos o piloro, o cÃrdia e o Ãleo terminal. Removeu-se e dividiu-se o TGI em: estÃmago e segmentos consecutivos do intestino delgado (40% iniciais; 30% mediais e 30% terminais). A retenÃÃo fracional de vermelho fenol em cada segmento, medida por espectrofotometria à 560nm, permitiu o cÃlculo do EG e trÃnsito GI. Em um grupo separado de animais, a PA foi monitorada continuamente por meio de um sistema digital de aquisiÃÃo de dados durante 20min antes e 30min apÃs o tratamento com 1.8 cineol ou diluente. Comparado ao grupo controle, observou-se aumento da retenÃÃo gÃstrica (p<0,05) de 43,9Â34% (grupo controle salina) para 54,9Â4,7; 61,3Â3,3; 56,2Â1,7 e 55,8Â2,1% nos animais tratados com 1.8 cineol nas doses de 1, 3, 10 e 30  g/Kg, respectivamente sacrificados 10 min apÃs a gavagem. Observou-se tambÃm diminuiÃÃo significativa do trÃnsito gastrintestinal neste grupo de animais. O 1.8 cineol induziu diminuiÃÃo (p<0,05) da PA em relaÃÃo ao perÃodo basal (de 124Â5,2 para 119Â5,2; 100,2Â4,3; 99,8Â0,5 e 88,6Â2,7mmHg) nas doses de 1, 3, 10 e 30 Âg/Kg. Este efeito foi fugaz para a dose de 1 e 3 Âg/Kg em relaÃÃo ao perÃodo basal. Entretanto, nas doses de 10 e 30 Âg/Kg , os animais nÃo apresentaram recuperaÃÃo da PA. O tratamento com OECN aumentou significativamente a retenÃÃo gÃstrica (53,1Â2,4 vs 43,9Â3,4) enquanto diminui o trÃnsito gastrintestinal quando comparamos aos animais que receberam tratamento com salina. O prÃ-tratamento cirÃrgico por vagotomia subdiafragmÃtica, mas nÃo a esplancnotomia, inibiu os efeitos do 1.8 cineol sobre os EG e trÃnsito gastrintestinal de lÃquidos. Os estudos de complacÃncia gÃstrica foram conduzidos em 15 ratos anestesiados, sob jejum de 24h. As variaÃÃes do volume gÃstrico (VG), foram medidas por pletismografia, enquanto a PA, FC e PVC foram monitoradas continuamente por um sistema digital de aquisiÃÃo de dados. Observou-se diminuiÃÃo do VG, o qual foi significativo aos 30, 40, 50 e 60min apÃs o tratamento com 1.8 cineol (3Âg/Kg) quando comparado ao perÃdo basal (2,0Â0,1; 1,9Â0,1; 1,8Â0,1 e 1,7Â0,1mL, vs 2,1Â0,2mL â p<0,05). A PA apresentou queda significativa apÃs a administraÃÃo de 1.8 cineol (3Âg/Kg), mantendo-se assim durante os 60min de monitoraÃÃo (87,9Â7,7; 87,6Â7,1; 87,9Â6,4; 87,8Â5,7; 86,0Â5,5 e 87,7Â6,0mmHg, respectivamente vs 94,4Â6,2; mmHg), bem como a FC (366,3Â13,4; 361,7Â11,5; 357,3Â10,4; 353,0Â10,4; 348,3Â11,1 e 350,4Â13,7bpm respectivamente vs 395,2Â11,1bpm). Jà a PVC nÃo sofreu variaÃÃes significativas durante o tratamento. Em conclusÃo o OECN e o 1.8 cineol diminuem a motilidade gastrintestinal, retardando o EG e o trÃnsito GI de lÃquido em ratos acordados; diminui a complacÃncia gÃstrica em ratos anestesiados alÃm de apresentar efeitos hipotensor e bradicÃrdico; provavelmente por aÃÃo direta sobre a musculatura lisa gastrintestinal e vascular e modulaÃÃo do sistema nervoso parassimpÃtico / It was studied the effect of EOCN and 1,8 cineol, components of the Croton nepetaefolius - plant of North-East of Brasil, used in the popular medicine for riots of the gastrointestinal sistem - on the motor behavior of the gut of Wistar rats. We used 121 male animals, weighing 200-350g, distributed in the two following groups of study: effect of the OECN and the 1,8 cineol on: i) the gastric empyting (GE), the gastrointestinal (GI) transit of liquid and the arterial pressure (AP) in awake rats and ii) the gastric compliance, the AP, the central venous pressure (CVP) and the cardiac frequency (FC) of anaesthetized rats. It was evaluated, in 106 awake rats under starvation for 24h with free access to water, the effect of injection (0,2mL; i.v.) of OECN (3 Âg/Kg) or 1,8 cineol (1, 3, 10 and 30 Âg/Kg) or vehicle (saline 0.9%) on GE and GI transit of liquid, as well as on AP. A test meal (1,5mL of phenol red - 0,5mg/mL in glucose 5%) was injected in the stomach by gavagem. After 10min,it was sacrificed the animals and obstruct the pyloro, cardia and terminal Ãleo. It was removed and divide the gut in: stomach and consecutive segments of small intestine (40% proximal; medial 30% and 30% distal). After homogenization of these visceral portions, it was determined the absorbance of the samples at 560nm. The fracional dye retention in each segment allowed the calculation of the GE and GI transit. In a separate group of animals, the AP was monitored continuously by digital system of acquisition data during 20min before and 30min after the treatment with 1.8 cineol or diluente. Treatment with 1,8 cineol (3 Âg/Kg) was evaluated also in animals after sacrifice 20 or 30min after gavagem. Compared with control, the gastric retention increase (p<0,05) of 43,9Â34% for 54,9Â4,7; 61,3Â3,3; 56,2Â1,7 and 55.8Â2.1% in the treated (1.8 cineol 1, 3, 10 and 30 Âg/Kg, respectively) animals, sacrificed 10 min after gavage.It was also observed significant reduction on the GI transit in this group. The 1,8 cineol (1, 3, 10 and 30 Âg/Kg) induced reduction (p<0,05) of the AP (of 124Â5,2 for 119Â5,2; 100,2Â4,3; 99,8Â0,5 and 88,6Â2,7mmHg, respectivelly). This effect was, however, fugaz, for dose 1 and 3 Âg/Kg, however the doses of 10 and 30 Âg/Kg, the animals had not presented recovery of the AP. Treatment with EOCN also increases gastric retention (53,1Â2,4 versus 43,9Â3,4, p<0,05) while reduces GI transit. The surgical pre-treatment by sub-diafragmatic vagotomy, but not it splancnotomy, inhibited the 1,8 cineol effect on the GE and GI transit of liquid. ii) The effect of 1.8 cineol (1 or 3 Âg/Kg) on gastric compliance had been lead in 15 anaesthetized rats, under jejun of 24h. The variations of the gastric volume (GV), had been measured by plethysmography, while the AP, FC and CVP had been monitored continuously by a digital system of data acquisition. We observe reduction of the GV (p<0.05), which was significant on 30, 40, 50 and 60min after treatment (2,0Â0,1; 1,9Â0,1; 1,8Â0,1 and 1,7Â0,1mL, versus 2,1Â0,2mL) 1 or 3Âg/Kg of 1.8 cineole. The AP presented significant fall after the administration of 1.8 cineol, remaining thus during 60min of monitorization (87,9Â7,7; 87,6Â7,1; 87,9Â6,4; 87,8Â5,7; 86,0Â5,5 and 87,7Â6,0mmHg, respectively versus 94,4Â6,2; mmHg), as well as the FC (366,3Â13,4; 361,7Â11,5; 357,3Â10,4; 353,0Â10,4; 348,3Â11,1 and 350,4Â13,7bpm, respectively versus 395,2Â11,1bpm). The CVP did not suffer significant variations after treatment. In summary, it was observed the OECN and the 1,8 cineol treatments diminish the gut motility, delaying the GE and GI transit of liquid in awake rats; it reduces the gastric complaciance in anaesthetized rats besides presenting effect hipotensor and bradicardic; probably for direct action on the gastrointestinal and vascular smooth muscel and moduling the parassimpatic nervous system