The purpose of this research was to examine whether individualized student's learning as measured by posttest scores could be increased by presenting information in sequenced captioned illustrations as compared to equivalent all-text print information. The subjects were sixty high school vocational students with low level reading skills. Three treatments were compared for effectiveness: a tenth grade reading level textual passage, a sixth grade reading level textual passage, and a captioned illustration sequence. The second and third treatments were re-writes of the first with identical content matter. There were three separate replicated experiments using the three treatment posttest only design analyzed by a one-way analysis of variance with $\alpha$ =.05. / It was predicted that sequenced captioned illustrations would aid the learner in greater recall of information as demonstrated on the multiple choice posttest. According to Paivio (1971) and Anderson (1973), this would increase elaboration and networking in long term memory. It was also hypothesized that the lower (sixth grade) level reading all-text would present an advantage for the low reading ability students over the higher (tenth grade) level all-text instruction. / The one-way analysis of variance yielded no significant results. Further research is recommended in the use of captioned illustrations with low level readers in the individualized vocational classroom setting. A captioned picture multiple-choice test for the students using the captioned illustration instruction may improve learning as evidenced by posttest scores. Also, variations in experimental circumstances to determine whether the illustrations need change in size, number, clarity, or type (drawing or photo) may be necessary. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 52-03, Section: A, page: 0893. / Major Professor: W. Hugh Hinely. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1990.

No description available.

The research study examines the implementation of National Vocational Qualifications (NVQs) within small and medium enterprises. NVQs have been in existence for ten years yet they continue to receive criticism from academic circles and implementation by employers has been slow. The small residential care sector was selected because it has many characteristics in common with small businesses in general: the sector has grown because of recent care legislation; it is dependent on larger local authorities for client referrals; it employs mainly women on a part-time basis; and it lacks a traditional training pathway for unqualified staff. Using a qualitative, case study approach, seven workplaces were visited over the period of a year. Candidates, assessors and managers were interviewed regularly to assess their feelings and progress and to determine the factors which affected their experiences of NVQ implementation. Four main areas were explored using a theme analysis framework - progress, progression, standardisation and financial issues. The findings indicated that implementation in small workplaces was problematic for all involved. Unless a training culture was already in existence, insufficient resources were provided to support and facilitate progress both physically and emotionally. Consequently, assessors and candidates involved with NVQs were quite negative about their experiences which reduced the value placed on the qualification by the participants and their managers. Despite being a 'national' qualification, the growing deregulation in both care and training has resulted in market place competition which has had consequences for the standardisation and costs of training programmes. The voluntaristic nature of employer investment in training, and the lack of care legislation to make training an obligatory aspect of home registration, has resulted in a low uptake of NVQs in small businesses because of the costs involved in assessment time.

自1978年以来，中国高等职业教育经过数十年的发展，逐步从规模发展转向内涵建设，高等职业教育的质量问题日益得到关注。如何在当前的办学条件下，提高高等职业教育学生的培养质量，有效地促进高职学生就业，是当前高等职业教育内涵发展的关键所在。本文以高等职业教育的专业作为研究单位，从微观层面出发探索高等职业教育人才培养的效率问题，具有重要的现实意义。本文的主要研究问题包括： / 问题一：对于高职的样本专业，课程、教师和校企合作的要素投入是如何影响样本专业学生的平均就业率（一般及实习对口就业率）？ / 问题二：对于样本专业而言，不同类型（公办与民办、示范与非示范）的高职院校之间教育生产效率有何差异？ / 问题三：省际的经济特征是如何影响样本专业的生产效率？ / 针对这三个研究问题，本研究利用2009年中国教育部《高等职业院校人才培养工作状态数据采集平台》的数据，采用随机前沿分析和多层线性模型等方法对2009年全国1226个制造大类的样本专业类的投入和产出数据进行了分析。得出的主要结论包括： / （1）总体上，专任教师在全体教师中的比重、专任教师中硕士及以上学历教师的比重、实践课时占总课时的比例以及反映校企合作水平的企业支持因子都对制造类专业教育的学生就业率（一般和实习对口）有显著的积极影响；顶岗实习学生占毕业生的比重对制造类专业的一般就业率有显著的正向影响，但是对毕业生的实习对口就业率呈现显著的负向影响，体现了其增进就业能力和增强求职竞争的不同功能；精品课程占总课程的比重对就业产出没有确定性的显著影响，更大可能是发挥一种信号功能，并未真正促进效率的提升。 / （2）制造类专业的生产效率在不同类型的高职院校之间存在着显著的差异，并存在一定的层次性。总体上，民办、非示范高职院校的生产效率要低于公办、省级/国家级示范性高职院校。并且，民办学校中，有关专任教师的投入对就业产出的显著性影响最大，且影响效应很强；公办学校中，有关课程投入对产出有较高的显著性影响，但影响效应稍弱。这表明，民办、非示范学校因资源相对缺乏处于一种发展初期的外延式扩张阶段；而公办、示范类学校高投入、高产出的运作模式并非具备真正的分配效率，有待于从外延扩张转入内涵建设模式，不断优化中间的教学生产过程。 / （3）全国范围内，制造类高职专业教育的平均一般就业率与一省的人均GDP水平呈现显著地正相关，并且该专业教育的生产技术效率随着一省人均GDP的增加而增加，这反映出职业教育和地区经济发展相互促进的关系。而一省的第二产业的比重与一省的制造类专业的实习对口就业率存在显著地负相关，这可能是制造类企业出于节省成本考虑的缘故，同时受产业结构升级的影响，加大了对技能型人才的需求。同时，全国范围内，第三产业比重较高（产业结构较优化）的地区，制造类专业的就业产出效率随之增高，从某种程度上反映了当前中国制造业开始从粗放式劳动力密集型朝向技术知识密集型转变，进而对制造类专业的人才培养提出了更高要求。 / 基于以上结论，笔者认为应当从加强专任教师队伍建设、开展高职课程体系的改革和创新以及深化校企合作的水平和强度等三个方面改善高等职业教育的专业投入水平。并建议应当对民办、非示范校等后进学校在资源投入上予以一定的政策保障。此外，还提出高职专业应不断改进并调整课程等教学方面的内容，以适应产业结构动态调整带来的人才需求结构的变化，以更好地服务本地经济的发展，最终提高毕业生的就业质量。 / After decades of development since 1978, higher vocational education in China gradually shifts from scales and quantity expansion to internal efficiency construction. More attention is devoted to its quality and relevancy. How to improve the quality of higher vocational education and the employment of its graduates, given the current school resources, is the key concern today. Focusing on a special field of study in vocational education, this research examines the efficiency of training human resources from the micro level. It has important practical significance too. The main research questions include: / (I) In the sampled field of vocational study under this research, what are the impacts of the various inputs in curricula, teachers and college-enterprise collaborations on the employment rate of the students, general and in matched field of work ? / (II)In the sampled field of vocational study, what is the difference in educational production efficiency among the different types of higher vocational colleges, public and private, model and non-model? / (III) What is the influence of economic characteristics among the different provinces on the production efficiency of the sampled field of vocational study? / This research uses the data extracted from the “National Data Collection Platform for Higher Vocational Institutes of the Chinese Ministry of Education in 2009. It applies the methods of Stochastic Frontier Analysis and Hierarchical Liner Model for an inputs-output analysis. It focuses on a sample of 1226 programmes in the manufacture field of vocational studies offered by various colleges in different provinces. The main conclusions are: / (1) Overall, all the three major inputs, namely the proportion of specialized teachers in the vocational field, the proportion of these specialized teachers with a Master degree or above, the proportion of practice courses to total course requirement, and the enterprise support factor (reflecting the level of college-enterprise collaboration) have a significant and positive impact on the employment rate, general and matched, of graduates in the manufacturing field of vocational studies. The proportion of students taking internships (indicating degree of internship arrangement)is positively and significantly related to the general employment rate, but shows a significant and negative relationship with the matched-employment rate. This respectively reflects two different effects of internship: promoting general employability and increasing job competition. The proportion of excellent courses to total number of courses offered has no deterministic or significant effect on the employment efficiency of the programme. It seems to have only served a signal function in promoting the image of the programme. / (2) The production efficiencies among the different types of vocational colleges are significantly different and hierarchical. Overall, the production efficiency in the private, non-model vocational colleges is lower than the public, provincial / state-level model vocational colleges. However, in the private colleges, the inputs related to specialized teachers have greatest significant impacts and the effect is the strongest. In the public colleges, the inputs related to curricula show higher and significant influence instead, but the effect is relatively weak. It is probably due to the lack of resource there and they are still in their early stage of development and expansion. The public and modeling colleges are generally supposed to be operating in the high-inputs-high-outputs mode. They need to focus largely on the enhancement of internal operational efficiency in optimizing the production process rather than further expansion. / (3) The average employment rates of graduates from the manufacturing field of study are significantly different at the provincial level. They are positively correlated to the GDP per capita in local regions. Moreover, the matched-employment rate shows a significant and negative correlation with increase in the proportion of contribution to GDP by the second-industrial-sector. Presumably this is caused by the consideration of cost savings and the upgrading of the industrial structure, increasing the demand for more highly skilled labors. In the provinces with higher contribution from the third-industrial-sector, the general employment rate is high for the manufacturing field graduates. It reflects to some extent that the manufacturing sector in China is shifting from the primitive labor-intensive operation mode towards the more knowledge-intensive mode, thus setting a higher demand for human resource trained in the more advanced manufacture field of studies. / Based on above results, the study suggests that the government and vocational colleges should strengthen the development of specialized teachers, improve the relevancy of higher vocational courses, and deepen the level and intensity of college-enterprise collaboration. This is to improve the input level of higher vocational education. There should be an assurance mechanism for investment of resources in the private and non-model colleges. In addition, the content of curricula and teaching should be adjusted and updated to adapt to the dynamic adjustment of industrial structure, better serving the local economic development, and ultimately improving the employment quality of higher vocational education graduates. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 劉云波. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 111-125). / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Liu Yunbo. / Chapter 一、 --- 研究背景与研究问题 --- p.1 / Chapter (一) --- 中国高等职业教育专业建设的发展历程 --- p.1 / Chapter 1. --- 20世纪80初-90年代中后期，高等职业教育的雏形阶段 --- p.1 / Chapter 2. --- 20世纪90年代末-2006年，高等职业教育的快速兴起阶段 --- p.3 / Chapter 3. --- 2006年以后-至今，高等职业教育的深化阶段 --- p.5 / Chapter 4. --- 小结 --- p.6 / Chapter (二) --- 中国高等职业教育发展及专业建设的现状 --- p.7 / Chapter 1. --- 高等职业教育的发展概况 --- p.7 / Chapter 2. --- 高职教育的专业结构与专业管理 --- p.11 / Chapter 3. --- 高等职业院校专业发展的主要问题 --- p.15 / Chapter (三) --- 研究问题与研究意义 --- p.19 / Chapter 1. --- 问题的提出 --- p.19 / Chapter 2. --- 研究意义 --- p.20 / Chapter 二、 --- 文献综述 --- p.22 / Chapter (一) --- 教育生产效率的讨论 --- p.23 / Chapter 1. --- 教育投入与教育产出无关 --- p.24 / Chapter 2. --- 教育投入与教育产出有关 --- p.25 / Chapter 3. --- 对两种观点的总结评价 --- p.25 / Chapter (二) --- 高职投入与学生就业的研究 --- p.26 / Chapter 1. --- 高职投入 --- p.27 / Chapter 2. --- 学生就业 --- p.32 / Chapter 3. --- 院校特征及地区差异的影响 --- p.34 / Chapter 4. --- 文献总结和讨论 --- p.38 / Chapter (三) --- 有关生产效率的研究方法评述 --- p.41 / Chapter 三、 --- 数据和研究方法 --- p.46 / Chapter (一) --- 数据及基本特征 --- p.46 / Chapter 1. --- 数据结构和样本选择 --- p.46 / Chapter 2. --- 样本分布 --- p.50 / Chapter 3. --- 变量说明及数据的基本特征 --- p.51 / Chapter (二) --- 建立研究模型 --- p.60 / Chapter 四、 --- 高职专业的人才培养效率分析 --- p.64 / Chapter (一) --- 专业层面的要素投入-产出分析 --- p.64 / Chapter 1. --- 多元线性回归分析 --- p.65 / Chapter 2. --- 随机前沿分析 --- p.68 / Chapter (二) --- 专业生产效率的院校分化 --- p.71 / Chapter 1. --- 公办院校和民办院校的比较 --- p.71 / Chapter 2. --- 示范院校和非示范院校的比较 --- p.76 / Chapter (三) --- 地区背景下的高职专业的人才培养效率 --- p.80 / Chapter 1. --- 多层线性分析 --- p.81 / Chapter 2. --- 随机前沿分析 --- p.86 / Chapter 五、 --- 实证结果和政策建议 --- p.92 / Chapter (一) --- 研究结果及分析 --- p.92 / Chapter 1. --- 高职专业典型投入要素的重要性 --- p.92 / Chapter 2. --- 院校之间专业人才培养效率的分化 --- p.96 / Chapter 3. --- 地区经济环境、产业结构的影响 --- p.98 / Chapter (二) --- 启示及政策建议 --- p.99 / Chapter (三) --- 研究局限与展望 --- p.101 / Chapter 1. --- 研究局限 --- p.101 / Chapter 2. --- 研究展望 --- p.101 / Chapter 六、 --- 主要研究结论 --- p.103 / Chapter 附录1. --- 专有名词解释汇总 --- p.105 / Chapter 附录2. --- 《普通高等学校高职高专教育指导性专业目录（试行）》节选 --- p.107 / Chapter 附录3. --- 2009年各省三次产业比重示意图 --- p.108 / Chapter 附录4. --- 各投入要素的校间均值比较 --- p.109 / Chapter 附录5. --- 稳健性OLS回归结果汇总 --- p.110 / 参考文献 --- p.111

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

This dissertation examines the effect of the Government Assistance for Tuition Expenses (GATE) Program on the employment outcomes of graduates in Trinidad and Tobago. Having implemented a tuition-free higher education system in 2006, the Trinidad and Tobago government expected that removing the major cost associated with post-secondary education would not only have resulted in the massification of higher education, but would have been the driving force behind becoming a developed country. A mixed methods approach is used combining analysis of an online survey of graduates of the GATE program, together with interviews of graduates, and other stakeholders. A purposive sampling of post-secondary graduates of the GATE program residing in Trinidad and Tobago yielded a sample of 746 graduates. These graduates responded to an online survey instrument, and 15 of these graduates participated in subsequent semi-structured interviews. Additionally, 5 university administrators, 3 business executives and 5 government officials were interviewed using a semi-structured instrument. Findings from this study indicate that of the 90.1% of the graduates forming part of the survey sample perceived that they were overeducated. Among the interview participants, it was discovered that some of their overeducation stemmed from the structure of the local labor market, both in the types of jobs available and the role the government plays in the labor market. The dissatisfaction graduates expressed with their jobs after graduation has resulted in a ‘degree epidemic’, with graduates consistently pursuing additional degrees in search of that one permanent job which suited the skills they possessed. Additionally, the study identifies a misalignment between the goals of the GATE program and the requirements of the labor market. While initially being portrayed as a means of increasing the higher education participation rate and creating a knowledge-based society, GATE became identified as just another social program offered to the public without charge by the government. Provision of tuition-free higher education was thus merely the means by which the government attempted to secure votes from the population to maintain political power. With spending by the government towards the GATE program approaching TT$6 billion by the 2015 fiscal year, GATE not only provided higher education to the country’s citizens, but was also a substantial source of funds for both public and private higher education institutions. The findings of this study suggest that the true beneficiaries of the GATE program were the myriad private institutions offering programs of study funded by GATE. With lax oversight by the supervising agency, and little integrated policy direction being offered by the government, private institutions created an industry of low quality programs offered at higher costs when compared to programs being offered by public higher education institutions. The supply of these qualifications offered by the private sector coupled with their chase to increase enrollment and thus increase the revenue they derive from the government, has resulted in an increase of graduates whose qualifications on paper do not match the skills they have obtained in these programs.

Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston University.

<p> The purpose of this mixed methods case-study was to understand why students enroll in the Community Involvement work-study program, why employers continue to host students, and what are the parents&rsquo; perceptions of their child&rsquo;s experience. The following research question framed this study: <i>What is the perceived impact of the Community Involvement Program?</i> </p><p> Five additional questions further guided this study: 1. Why do students enroll in the Community Involvement Program? 2. What impact does enrolling in a work-study program have for participating students? 3. What motivates employers to become a volunteer host site for Community Involvement students? 4. What impact do parents perceive when their son or daughter participates in the Community Involvement Program? 5. How do students enrolled in the Community Involvement Program compare to those students who are not enrolled in the program based on GPAs, attendance patterns, and postsecondary plans? </p><p> This study examined the perceptions of the students, employers, parents, the instructor and the high school principal. Qualitative methods included open-ended surveys, interviews, focus groups, and student artifacts. Quantitative methods included analyzing Likert-type survey questions and archival data (GPAs, attendance patterns, and postsecondary plans). The findings will provide those involved in the education and workforce communities with insight into why students and employers continue to enroll in and support work-study programming. </p><p> The research study concluded that students, employers, parents, the instructor and the principal all found benefit in the Community Involvement Program. The study also confirmed the positive impact on GPAs, school attendance and postsecondary enrollment noted in the previous work-study literature. Seniors enrolled in the work-study program at Fulton High School had significantly higher GPAs, fewer absences, and were more likely to enroll in a two- or four-year postsecondary program as compared to seniors not enrolled. The students also shared that they believe the Community Involvement Program provided career exploration opportunities, lessons about work environment, lessons about postsecondary planning, and the development of meaningful relationships which impacted their future. Employers host students because they want to support the school and local community, see a positive impact on their work environment, find future employees, and develop meaningful relationships with the students. Parents noted that Community Involvement Program positively impacted their child&rsquo;s career and postsecondary decisions, their children learned valuable work lessons, and developed relationships with employers that impacted career and college decisions. Each of the participants including the instructor and principal suggested expanding the program to all juniors and offer the program during the summer. Recommendations based on the findings included: 1) more high schools should offer work-study programs for one or two semesters to juniors and seniors, 2) encourage employers to host and expand opportunities for students, 3) hire students who participate, and 4) promote work-study opportunities in the community and schools.</p><p>

Poon, Mei Yee Grace. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 50-54). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / List of Tables --- p.v / List of Appendices --- p.vi / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Overview of Overqualification --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Construct of Perceived Overqualification --- p.4 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Consequences of Perceived Overqualification --- p.12 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Measures of Perceived Overqualification --- p.15 / Chapter Chapter 5: --- Method --- p.22 / Chapter Chapter 6: --- Results --- p.26 / Chapter Chapter 7: --- Discussion --- p.39 / References --- p.50

The number of international students in the U.S. is increasing, and a similar trend exists in the counselor education field. International students are defined as neither permanent residents nor U.S. citizens. It is therefore important for counselor educators to understand this population better in order to provide culturally appropriate career development training for them, as well as gain knowledge about their career decision-making process. While several studies have investigated international students’ experiences with language barriers or cultural adjustment concerns, little research explores their lived experiences regarding the choice to stay or return to their home countries after completing their doctoral training. Given the limitations of previous studies on international students’ career development, this study focused on the career decision-making experiences of a particular subgroup of international students, namely, South Korean women in counselor education programs. The overarching research question guiding this study is: How do Korean female doctoral students and counselor educators who trained in CACREP-accredited programs experience/experienced their career decision-making processes upon graduation? The sub-questions of this study are: 1) How do they decide to pursue a particular job, either in their home country or in the U.S.? 2) What values impacted their career decisions? The purpose of this qualitative study is to investigate the lived experiences of Korean female counselor educators who have decided on the location of their career upon graduation and explore how they made their decisions. Utilizing the phenomenological research method, this study aims to identify themes and patterns, as well as unique lived experiences in the career stories of Korean women counselor educators. Findings from this study illustrated the unique career-decision-making experiences of Korean female counselor educators. By exploring their experiences, the researcher found common values influenced their career decisions were: family, academic freedom, belongingness, desire to make a scholarly contribution, and self-awareness. Participants also struggled from challenges like fear, hesitation, and exhaustion; limited resources; visa issues; language barrier and cultural differences; lack of publications; and competitive job market. Lastly, Korean female counselor educators utilized support systems such as Korean community, family, and their doctoral programs. The findings provide insight into Korean female doctoral students’ career decision-making processes and contribute to U.S. university faculty and administrators' cultural awareness and understanding of the international student population in counselor education programs.