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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
301

Estudo de Efeitos Transientes na Conjugação de Fase em Cristais Dopados com \'Cr POT. 3+\': Modelo e Experiência / Study of Transient Effects in Phase Conjugation in doped crystals with Cr3+: Model and Experiment.

Paulo Cesar de Souza 14 May 1998 (has links)
Nós estudamos experimentalmente e teoricamente Efeitos Transientes em conjugação de Fase por Mistura Degenerada de Quatro ondas em cristais dopados com Cr POT. 3+. Estudamos os efeitos transientes na conjugação de fase em Al IND 2 O IND. 2 : Cr POT. 3+ (Rubi) e GdAl O IND. 3 Cr POT. 3+ (aluminato de gadolíneo) com um laser de Ar POT. + (em =514,5nm). Um novo modelo teórico é apresentado que explica razoavelmente os resultados experimentais cuja compreensão anterior pela literatura era devido somente pela parte absortiva do índice de refração[12] pois em cristais dopados com Cr POT. 3+ (Al IND. 2 O IND. 3: Cr POT. 3+ e GdAl O IND. 3 : Cr POT. 3+ a parte dispersiva do índice de refração não-linear n IND. 2 é pelo menos uma ordem de grandeza maior que a parte absortiva [15,28]. / We have studied experimentally and theoretically Transient Effects in Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing by Phase Conjugation in ion-doped crystals with Cf3+. We have studied transient effects in phase conjugation in Al2O3:Cf3+ (Ruby) and GdAlO3:Cr3+ Gadolinium Aluminate) with an Argon laser (at =514.5nm). A new theoretical model is presented that reasonably explains our experimental results whose understanding in previous papers was due to the imaginary part of the refraction index [12] because in crystals doped with cr3+ (Al2O3:Cr3+ and GdAIO3:Cr3+) the real part of the nonlinear refraction index n2 is at least one order of magnitude greater than the imaginary part [15,28].
302

Geração de harmônicos perturbativos por pulsos laser ultracurtos em gases nobres / Perturbative harmonics generation by ultrashort laser pulses in noble gas

Armando Valter Felicio Zuffi 18 April 2018 (has links)
Neste trabalho foi estudada a geração de harmônicos perturbativos por pulsos laser ultracurtos em bicos de gás no vácuo. Os harmônicos foram gerados nas regiões espectrais do UV e VUV e sua geração ocorreu em fluxo de gases nobres. Esta técnica possibilita a produção de luz coerente numa região espectral de interesse considerável para várias aplicações, tais como a espectroscopia resolvida no tempo. Para a geração dos harmônicos foi utilizado um sistema laser amplificado de Ti:Safira que produz pulsos de 25 fs, centrados em 785 nm, a 4 kHz. Estes pulsos ultracurtos são injetados em uma câmara de vácuo, onde são focalizados em um bico de gás. Os harmônicos são selecionados por um monocromador e têm a sua intensidade medida por um cintilador e uma fotomultiplicadora. Buscamos abranger uma visão geral sobre a geração de harmônicos perturbativos em gases, com o objetivo de consolidar um conhecimento teórico e experimental no laboratório. Confeccionamos e comparamos o desempenho de dois sistemas distintos de injeção de gás, o bico metálico e o bico de vidro, que são dispositivos pouco explorados na literatura. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos com o bico de vidro. Pudemos estimar a eficiência de geração dos harmônicos do ponto de vista das propriedades microscópicas e macroscópicas de geração, e foi verificada a conversão de energia do feixe fundamental para a geração dos harmônicos, plasma e outros fenômenos não-lineares em argônio. Geramos até o 9º harmônico em argônio, atingindo a região de 85 nm. Foi estudado o casamento de fase e a dependência da eficiência de geração dos harmônicos com a pressão do gás, potência média do laser, chirp e a posição do foco para o 3º, 5° e 7º harmônicos. Com a variação dos parâmetros, observou-se que é possível sintonizar os harmônicos, e que sua geração compete com outros fenômenos, como a ionização do gás. Adicionalmente, foi observada uma queda da eficiência de geração para alta intensidades, que foi associada à depleção do 1º elétron de valência dos átomos do gás, reduzindo a quantidade de centros geradores dos harmônicos. Além do argônio, foram realizadas medidas em hélio, neônio e criptônio, visando estudar como a eficiência de geração dos harmônicos depende das propriedades eletrônicas do gás. Adicionalmente, esses resultados corroboraram a hipótese da depleção dos elétrons de valência. / In this work the generation of perturbative harmonics by ultrashort laser pulses in gas nozzles in vacuum was studied. The harmonics were generated in the UV and VUV regions and the frequency conversion occurred in flowing gas. This technique ensures the generation of coherent light in a spectral region of interest for various applications, such as ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopy. For the harmonics generation an amplified Ti:Shapphire laser system was used, generating 25 fs pulses, centered at 785 nm, at 4 kHz. These ultrashort pulses are injected into a vacuum chamber, where they are focused on a gas nozzle. The harmonics are selected by a monochromator and their intensity is measured by a scintillator and photomultiplier. We have sought to comprise an overview of the generation of perturbative harmonics in gases, in order to consolidate a theoretical and experimental knowledge in the laboratory. Two distinct gas injection systems were manufactured and had their performances compared, a metallic and a gas nozzle, devices that are poorly explored in literature. The best results were obtained with the glass nozzle. We could estimate the harmonics generation efficiency in argon from the point of view of their macroscopic and microscopic generation properties, and the energy conversion from the fundamental beam to the harmonics was verified, along with plasma creation and other nonlinear phenomena. We generated up to the 9th harmonic in argon, reaching the 85 nm. We studied the phase matching and the dependence of the harmonics generation efficiency with the gas pressure, laser average power, chirp and focus position for the 3rd, 5th and 7th harmonics. By varying the parameters, we observed that it is possible to tune the harmonics wavelengths, and that their generation competes with other nonlinear phenomena, such as the gas ionization. Additionally, a drop in the generation efficiency was observed at high intensities, which was associated to the depletion of the first valence electron in the gas atoms, decreasing the number of harmonic generating centers. In addition to argon, measurements were performed in helium, neon and krypton, aiming to study how the harmonic generation efficiency depends on the electronic properties of the gas. Additionally, these results corroborated the hypothesis of the valence electron depletion.
303

Estudo de propriedades ópticas não lineares de aminoácidos / Study of nonlinear optics property of amino acid

José Joatan Rodrigues Junior 26 June 2003 (has links)
Neste trabalho estudamos as propriedades ópticas não lineares de aminoácidos utilizando pulsos de laser com duração de femtossegundos. O índice de refração não linear (n2) da L-alanina, L-prolina, L-serina, L-treonina e L-arginina em solução aquosa foram determinados. Foi também estudada a influência do pH na magnitude de n2 dos aminoácidos em solução. Paralelamente, determinamos a dispersão de n2 em cristais de L-treonina nos três eixos principais, x, y e z. Os aminoácidos têm despertado grande interesse devido as suas boas propriedades ópticas de segunda ordem. Todavia, suas propriedades ópticas de terceira ordem ainda não haviam sido estabelecidas. Além disso, implementamos a técnica de espalhamento hiper-Rayleigh para determinar a primeira hiperpolarizabilidade (P) de moléculas orgânicas, onde uma mudança foi introduzida para permitir medidas mais rápidas e com melhor precisão. Foram encontrados os valores de P de algumas porfirinas e corantes orgânicos. / In this work we have studied nonlinear optical properties of amino acids using femtosecond laser pulses. The nonlinear index of refraction (nz) of L-alanine, L-proline, L-serine, L-threonine and L-arginine in aqueous solution have been determined. Also, the influence of pH in the magnitude of nz of amino acids in solution has been studied. Besides, we have determined the n;, dispersion in the three main axis, x, y and z, in L-threonine crystals. The amino acids have attracted a great deal of attention due to their good second-order optical properties. However, their third-order optical properties had not been established yet. Furthermore, we have implemented the hyper-Rayleigh scattering technique to determine the first hyperpolarizability (P) of organic molecules, leading to fast and more precise measurements. It was found the P value of some porphyrins and organic dyes.
304

Geração de segundo harmônico sintonizável por modulação de fase de pulsos de laser ultracurtos / Tunable second harmonic generation by phase-modulated ultrashort laser pulses

Oliveira, Anderson Roberto de 15 February 2012 (has links)
Neste trabalho é feito um estudo da formatação de pulsos ultracurtos de laser de Ti:Safira para a geração de segundo harmônico em cristal de KDP. Para a formatação dos pulsos, é utilizado um aparato que inclui um modulador espacial de luz de cristal líquido (LC SLM), que altera unicamente a fase espectral dos pulsos. Este aparelho tem a vantagem de não introduzir perdas durante a propagação da luz, além de sua ação ser controlada via computador, através de um software em LabVIEW. Utilizando uma função senoidal, é feito um estudo das limitações do controle da geração do segundo harmônico provindas da pixelação do LC SLM, isto é, do fato de que os elementos moduladores possuem tamanhos finitos e produzem uma modulação discreta ao longo das componentes espectrais do pulso. É apresentada a geração de luz sintonizável em torno de 400 nm por duplicação de frequências de pulsos cuja fase espectral é modulada por uma soma de funções senoidais de frequências diferentes. A largura de banda do ultravioleta produzido é da ordem de 1 nm, em contraste com a largura de linha de cerca de 12 nm do segundo harmônico gerado na ausência de modulação do pulso fundamental. A sintonização é feita basicamente através de uma varredura na fase das funções moduladoras do pulso fundamental. Esse tipo de sintonização nessa região do espectro possui algumas aplicações, tais como a microscopia seletiva por dois fótons ou mesmo a espectroscopia de um fóton. Para comprovar a utilidade da geração de segundo harmônico sintonizável, é apresentada uma medida espectroscópica da transmissão em uma amostra de cloreto de európio, sendo que os resultados obtidos concordaram com as medidas da mesma amostra realizadas em um espectrofotômetro, com o mínimo de transmissão em cerca de 394 nm. / This work presents a study on the shaping of ultrashort pulses of a Ti:Sapphire laser for second harmonic generation in KDP crystals. To achieve the pulse shaping, a setup based on a phase-only crystal-based spatial light modulator (LC SLM) is used. This device has the advantage of low loss, and can be computer controlled, by means of a LabVIEW software. The use of a sinusoidal function, allows to study the limitations of the second harmonic generation due to the pixelation of the LC SLM, i. e., due to the fact that the modulating elements have finite sizes and produce a stepwise modulation along the spectral components of the pulse. The generation of tunable light around 400 nm by frequency doubling of laser pulses is presented for the case where the spectral phase is modulated by a sum of sinusoidal functions with different frequencies. The linewidth of the ultraviolet band produced is narrower than 1 nm, in contrast to the 12 nm linewidth of the non-modulated incident spectrum. The tuning is done primarily through a sweep in the phase of the modulating functions of the fundamental pulse. The possibility of tuning in this region of the spectrum has a few applications, such as in selective two-photon microscopy or even in one photon spectroscopy. To demonstrate the usefulness of tunable second harmonic generation, a spectroscopic measurement of the transmission in a sample of europium chloride is presented, and the results agreed with the measures of those performed in a spectrophotometer, with the minimal transmission occurring around 394 nm.
305

Design and Simulation of Nano-plasmonic Filter based on Nonlinear Nanocavity

Mollaei, Yaghoub, Shahmohammadi, Kaveh January 2019 (has links)
No description available.
306

[en] FABRICATION AND OPTICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES ON GLASS SUBSTRATE / [pt] FABRICAÇÃO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO ÓPTICA E MORFOLÓGICA DE NANOPARTÍCULAS DE OURO EM SUBSTRATO VÍTREO

ERIC CARDONA ROMANI 29 November 2011 (has links)
[pt] Nesta dissertação descrevemos a preparação de nanopartículas (NPs) de ouro através do aquecimento de filmes finos de ouro depositados em substratos de soda-lime pela técnica Magnetron Sputtering. Foi realizado um estudo para cinco espessuras diferentes variando entre (6–20) nm. Descrevemos também a caracterização morfológica e óptica (linear e não-linear) das nanopartículas formadas. Os resultados indicaram que a temperatura é de fundamental importância na formação das NPs, tendo sido realizado um estudo para formação a diferentes temperaturas. As amostras foram caracterizadas estruturalmente pela microscopia de força atômica (AFM) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura de emissão de campo (FESEM). Para o processamento das imagens geradas pelas microscopias utilizou-se uma análise de imagem (IA) antes da extração dos atributos morfológicos envolvendo as etapas de pré-processamento, segmentação, pós-processamento e medida. Para o processamento e extração de atributos, utilizou-se o Software KS400. As partículas possuem dimensões nanométricas com forma aproximadamente esféricas e diâmetros médios em torno de 13 nm para NPs formadas pelo aquecimento de filmes finos de 6 nm de espessura à 600° C por 4 minutos. As caracterizações ópticas lineares e não-lineares das NPs em estudo foram realizadas através das técnicas de espectroscopia UV-Vis e varredura z (Z-SCAN) em 800 nm respectivamente. No estudo da não-linearidade óptica foram determinados os índices de refração não linear (n2) e a absorção não- linear (a2) das NPs de ouro. Os resultados revelaram altos índices de refração não- linear, assim como uma inversão de sinal na absorção não-linear e no índice de refração não-linear quando os filmes finos de ouro são submetidos a um aquecimento a 600°C por 4 minutos. / [en] In this dissertation we describe the preparation of gold nanoparticles (NPs) by heating gold thin films of thicknesses between (6-20) nm, previously deposited on soda-lime substrates by Magnetron Sputtering. Also described are the morphological and optical (linear and nonlinear) characterization of the NPs. The tempertature dependence of the formation process of the NPs was investigated. The samples were structurally characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy, High Resolution (FESEM). We used an image analysis (IA) before extraction of morphological features involving the steps of preprocessing, segmentation, post-processing and measurement. For the processing and extraction of attributes, we used the software KS400. The particles have nanometers dimensions with approximately spherical shape and diameters around 13 nm for NPs formed by heating 6 nm thick thin films at 600 ° C for 4 minutes. The linear and nonlinear optical characterization of the NPs were performed through the techniques of UV-Vis spectroscopy and (TM-EZ at 532 nm, respectively. The non-linear optical characterization yielded the nonlinear refractive index (n2) and nonlinear absorption (a2) of the gold NPs formed. The results revealed high linear refractive indices, as well as a sign inversion of the nonlinear absorption when the NPs were formed.
307

The Design of a Novel Tip Enhanced Near-field Scanning Probe Microscope for Ultra-High Resolution Optical Imaging

Nowak, Derek Brant 01 January 2010 (has links)
Traditional light microscopy suffers from the diffraction limit, which limits the spatial resolution to λ/2. The current trend in optical microscopy is the development of techniques to bypass the diffraction limit. Resolutions below 40 nm will make it possible to probe biological systems by imaging the interactions between single molecules and cell membranes. These resolutions will allow for the development of improved drug delivery mechanisms by increasing our understanding of how chemical communication within a cell occurs. The materials sciences would also benefit from these high resolutions. Nanomaterials can be analyzed with Raman spectroscopy for molecular and atomic bond information, or with fluorescence response to determine bulk optical properties with tens of nanometer resolution. Near-field optical microscopy is one of the current techniques, which allows for imaging at resolutions beyond the diffraction limit. Using a combination of a shear force microscope (SFM) and an inverted optical microscope, spectroscopic resolutions below 20 nm have been demonstrated. One technique, in particular, has been named tip enhanced near-field optical microscopy (TENOM). The key to this technique is the use of solid metal probes, which are illuminated in the far field by the excitation wavelength of interest. These probes are custom-designed using finite difference time domain (FDTD) modeling techniques, then fabricated with the use of a focused ion beam (FIB) microscope. The measure of the quality of probe design is based directly on the field enhancement obtainable. The greater the field enhancement of the probe, the more the ratio of near-field to far-field background contribution will increase. The elimination of the far-field signal by a decrease of illumination power will provide the best signal-to-noise ratio in the near-field images. Furthermore, a design that facilitates the delocalization of the near-field imaging from the far-field will be beneficial. Developed is a novel microscope design that employs two-photon non-linear excitation to allow the imaging of the fluorescence from almost any visible fluorophore at resolutions below 30 nm without changing filters or excitation wavelength. The ability of the microscope to image samples at atmospheric pressure, room temperature, and in solution makes it a very promising tool for the biological and materials science communities. The microscope demonstrates the ability to image topographical, optical, and electronic state information for single-molecule identification. A single computer, simple custom control circuits, field programmable gate array (FPGA) data acquisition, and a simplified custom optical system controls the microscope are thoroughly outlined and documented. This versatility enables the end user to custom-design experiments from confocal far-field single molecule imaging to high resolution scanning probe microscopy imaging. Presented are the current capabilities of the microscope, most importantly, high-resolution near-field images of J-aggregates with PIC dye. Single molecules of Rhodamine 6G dye and quantum dots imaged in the far-field are presented to demonstrate the sensitivity of the microscope. A comparison is made with the use of a mode-locked 50 fs pulsed laser source verses a continuous wave laser source on single molecules and J-aggregates in the near-field and far-field. Integration of an intensified CCD camera with a high-resolution monochromator allows for spectral information about the sample. The system will be disseminated as an open system design.
308

Nonlinear optics in Bragg-spaced quantum wells

Johnston, Wesley James 01 January 2010 (has links)
Bragg spaced quantum wells represent a unique class of resonant photonic materials, wherein a photonic bandgap is created by the periodic spacing of quantum wells and the associated variation in the complex susceptibility (index and absorption) of the material. Interest in BSQWs has grown in the past decade due to their large ultrafast nonlinearities and the corresponding large ultrafast reflectivity changes and transmissivity. These nonlinearities are of particular interest in areas of communication technology, where ultrafast all-optical logic components have become increasingly in demand. This research will further investigate BSQWs and the for the first time effects of spin-dependent nonlinear excitation on their photonic band structures. It will also investigate how these effects can be used in all-optical polarization switching and tunable optical buffer (slow light) applications.
309

Investigations of amino acid-based surfactants at liquid interfaces

Yang, Dengliang 01 November 2005 (has links)
Herein are presented collective studies of amino acid-based surfactants, also known as lipoamino acids, at liquid interfaces. Chapter III describes an investigation of domain morphology of N-Stearoylglutamic acid (N-SGA) Langmuir monolayers at the air/water interface by epifluorescence microscopy. Anisotropic feather-like domains were observed in L-enantiomeric monolayers while symmetric circular domains were found in racemic N-SGA monolayers. At a surface pressure of 30 mN/m the enantiomeric domains melted at 31 ??C while the racemic domains melted at 27 ??C. This result is exactly opposite to the behavior found in bulk crystals where the racemate melts at a higher temperature. These results were explained in terms of different molecular packing and hydrogen bonding between bulk crystals and two-dimensional thin films for enantiomeric and racemic compounds. Chapter IV summarizes the investigations of hydrogen bonding in N-acyl amino acid monolayers by vibrational sum-frequency spectroscopy (VSFS). The intermolecular hydrogen bonding interaction between the adjacent molecules through amide-amide groups in N-stearoylalanine (N-SA) is characterized by an NH stretch peak at 3311 cm-1. This is the first time that the amide NH stretching signals have been detected with the VSFS technique. A similar peak was detected at 3341 cm-1on N-SGA monolayer. The higher frequency indicates that the H-bond strength is weaker due to the larger size of the glutamic acid residue. The NH stretch mode can thus be used as a fingerprint of hydrogen bonding among amide-amide groups. A peak at 3050 cm-1 due to hydrogen bonding among carboxyl groups was also resolved from the VSFS spectra. Molecular models of intermolecular hydrogen bonding were proposed.
310

Solvent and vibrational effects on nonlinear optical properties

Macák, Peter January 2002 (has links)
No description available.

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