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Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciado en Lengua y Literatura Inglesa / This project is founded upon the premise that complaint and emotional expression are the marks of inadequacy in Ernest Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises (1926). These instances, however, do take place on a recurring basis between the principal characters, and are therefore of uttermost import. Providing that there are rigorous demands of a stoic code in the novel, the examination and analysis of these particular phenomena, which are shaped by the underlying notion of displacement, will be a means to gain insights into the literary texture of Hemingway's work itself. In Peter Conn's opinion, "action and language alike must be disciplined to maintain their grace under the inescapable pressure of reality's violence" in post-war Europe.

The general object of study of this work is the rise and effects of competing visions in the construction of the subjective personal American landscape in 20th century North American travel literature. The research and analysis done will follow the idea that there are different visions of America present at the same time in a given text-character. These visions, when affecting and transforming the travelling experience and, when contrasted to other’s visions and compared between them, may allow for the appropriation of the landscape through the creation of a personal, intimate and polyphonic image of the same. In order to grasp this final vision characters must undergo a process with three stages that resemble an empiric scientific experiment. Is on the exploration of this experimental dimension from where we start this study.

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Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciada en Lengua y Literatura Inglesa / The urban subject has been a matter of frequent discussion among writers from different ages and origins. In the present, we cannot conceive an exploration of human subjectivity without taking into account the urban experience. The contemporary self is, in fact, an urban self. Under that vein, "the city and the urban subject" is the main object of study of the seminar that frames this thesis. The work that has been chosen for the exploration of the urban experience is Paul Auster´s novel, City of Glass written in 1985, and part of The New York Trilogy. The reason behind this choice is that the novel posits a search for identity in an urban context, specifically in New York City. This well known metropolis can be said to be an icon of the American tradition, it has inscribed their history in it, and it is, at the same time, a tissue of experiences and perceptions that continually interweave through time. Naturally, as time goes on, people change, perceptions change, and the urban environment also changes. But in spite of this obvious transformation that affects almost everything, New York included, some people prefer consistency, regularity and uniformity, like the main character of City of Glass.

Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciada en Lengua y Literatura Inglesa / The purpose of this work is to reveal as to what extent the sick body is a reflection of the sick city and how these two spheres overlap, sometimes melting and merging into one. In accordance to this point, the body is presented as constantly falling into this sickness, or into a sort of mechanization of the quotidian in the figure of the individual as a proper machine. The city goes through the very same processes and it is compared in numerous occasions to a body that collapses over itself; that stops making sense because it has lost its harmonic arrangement. Therefore, in the novel, it is a fact that modern society turns the body sick, transforming the urban subject into a receptacle that absorbs the city’s fluidity and, at the same time, the delirium and the sickness of the world. The narrator will not establish a particular destination, conveying his aimless condition, as an expatriate and as a modern individual surrounded by the chaotic city landscape. This figure of the body does not only provide a parallel with the structure of society, but also with its inner composition and processes. It is important to study the sick body in the context of the modern city, because its fluid display would reveal us relevant aspects about the conformation of the narrator’s subjectivity. This individual experience is constantly paralleled with that of the city through liquid images associated with sickness, the loss of authenticity and health. Therefore, I propose that individual experience as such does not exist anymore, in the sense that it melts under the dominant and chaotic fluxes displayed by the urban landscape.

Informe de Seminario de Grado para optar al grado de Licenciada en Lengua y Literatura Inglesa / Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades / "Factotum‟, published in 1975, tells the daily life of Henry Chinaski, writer's own transcript, a writer who lives with resignation and weariness after being saved from going to war, and accepts all kinds of rubbish jobs to survive, and to clear his conscience while focused on pursuing what really fulfils him: writing. His self-destructive behavior seems to respond viscerally to a sort of instinctive urge in a universe declining and lacking self-pity. Chinaski is too conscious of his curse, he is destined to live a difficult existence in which he finds people predictable or he simply "do not like" them. For the purpose of the analysis of his writing style, „Factotum‟ and several poems from the anthology „The Pleasures of the Damned‟ will be necessary. It has been said that Bukowski with his terse, brusque and forceful prose, is the atrocious novelist of the great urban jungle: the destitute, prostitutes, drunks, in other words, he is the novelist of the human waste of the American Dream.