ABSTRACTABSTRACT Commodity transactions and commodity exchanges in the Czech Republic The object of this thesis is trading commodities on the organised markets in the Czech republic. The diploma thesis is divided into three chapters. The first concentrates on the characteristics of basic terms such as exchange with its historic development and functions, commodity as the subject of exchange trades and organised commodity market. The second chapter describes briefly main types of exchange trades and principles of trading with the futures and options contracts on the future exchange. The third chapter is divided into three parts. The first deals with the legal aspects of commodity exchanges in the Czech republic including the outline of legislation existing in different periods of the czech history. Second concentrates on current commodity exchanges, its basic characteristics and trading mechanisms. The last represents the complex evaluation of the current state of the commodity exchange from the legal and economic point of view and the outline of its perspectives in following years. Commodity exchanges or organised commodity markets are significant segments of market economy and influence economic growth of single countries as well as world economy. In developped countries commodity trading reached such form...

The goal of this thesis is to present a meta-analysis of studies that are focused on the relation between the international trade flow and the trade costs. The effect of trade costshasbecomeoneofthekeyelementstoresolvethesixmajor puzzles in the bilateral trade flow. I examine 1,090 estimates of the trade cost effect reported in 58 studies, codify 51 aspects of study design that may influencetheestimates.Iuse meta-regression analysis to investigate why trade costs effects vary. The results suggest that different methods and mainly data characteristics systematically affect the estimated trade costs effects. I find evidence for publication selection bias by using the appropriate tests. The authors of primary studies tend to report preferentially large estimates of the elasticity of trade with respect to trade costs. The evidence for publication selection bias is stronger for studies reported in peer-reviewed journals thanfor unpublished studies.

The necessity for a more adequate regulation of global trade relations (including support for the liberalization and development of international trade), in the context of the deepening globalization processes, requires a greater level of involvement of international economic organizations and more effective implementation of their activities. The primary purpose of the dissertation is to determine whether and how the World Trade Organization, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group have influenced the development of international trading system. The results of this thesis show that international organizations (primarily WTO and UNCTAD) during various stages of its development have been significantly affecting international trade growth mainly through the implementation of specific activities and measures related to a series of agreements and decisions. However, international organizations have had a divergent impact on international trade. The effectiveness of the implementation of specific activities and programs were depending on the political and economic situation of member countries, as well as the governments´ readiness and willingness to implement these measures. On the other hand, the effectiveness of realization of specific activities have been affected by either the internal weaknesses of the organizations, or the insufficient level of cooperation and coordination in the implementation of joint programs and measures aimed at international trade development.

The diploma thesis describes the international transport situation in Czech republic and Germany and describec the main trends in the field of ecology.

The history of Czechoslovakia and his position played a key role in developement of weapon industry in the interwar period. Arms industry in Czechoslovakia in interwar period was represented mainly by Skoda Works Company. The 1930s ment for arms industry economic instability, but on the other hadn, it represented new opportunities as well. Weapon industry was strongly influenced by condition of economy of theirs business partnes from Little Entente and by political situation in neighboring countries. Business plans of Skoda Works company were lagrely influenced by czechoslovak gowernment. Gowernment of Czechoslovakia was using its economic policy as a part of its foreing affairs policy to strenghten role of Czechoslovakia as a leader of Little Entente. On the contrary, Skoda Works were using czechoslovak foreing policy for their own economic expansion to foreing markets.

Předmětem diplomové práce je zdanění elektronického obchodu. Práce obsahuje úhly pohledu EU a OECD týkající se daně z přidané hodnoty a daně z příjmu, dále analýzu definice stálé provozovny a místa zdanitelného plnění u služeb poskytnutých elektronicky. Práce popisuje elektronická podávání daňových přiznání v České republice. Práce rovněž obsahuje dva příklady z praxe.

Práce se zabývá rostoucím významem průmyslového vlastnictví v současném světě, popisuje jeho postavení v rámci světového obchodu a demonstruje jeho důležitost pro jednotlivé tržní subjekty. Vzhledem k značnému nárůstu počtu obchodních transakcí v oblasti nehmotných statků v posledních letech a k mnohem častější nutnosti stanovení jejich hodnoty, je v analytické části ukázán postup ocenění konkrétní ochranné známky pro účely převodu metodou licenční analogie a metodou reziduálních zisků.

Práce analyzuje podnikatelské prostředí Kostariky a posuzuje jeho výhody a nevýhody z pohledu zahraničního podnikatele, který chce vstoupit na kostarický trh. Po seznámení čtenáře se základními údaji o Kostarice jsou podrobně rozebrány jednotlivé složky podnikatelského prostředí, tedy prostředí politické a právní, ekonomické, sociální a kulturní a technologické. Součástí práce je dotazník, který zkoumá kulturní a obchodní etiketu při vyjednávání s kostarickými obchodními partnery.

Cílem diplomové práce je analyzovat slovinské podnikatelské prostředí a následně přiblížit specifika obchodu a podnikání ve Slovinsku. Na konkrétním příkladě jsou popsány možnosti spolupráce v česko-slovinských obchodních vztazích.

The objective of the diploma thesis is to describe the documentary payment instruments mainly their legal regulation, define their main advantages and disadvantages in connection with foreign trade, describe the types of these payment instruments, define participants of the relationships, the future development of both instruments etc. After the theoretical part the analysis of the documentary payment instruments under chosen criteria is performed. The total volumes of letter of credits issued and confirmed by three czech banks within period 1997 -- 2007 are compared and the trends of their development are theoretically explained. The bank fees regarding to letter of credits and documentary collections are compared as well.