Regional integration such as ECOWAS is believed to be an important element to stimulate trade, which could lead to economic growth and development for countries in this regional group. Despite the efforts made at creating this regional group in West Africa, the benefits from intra regional trade have been unsatisfactory. The study examined the role of Nigeria in the integration processes in Africa and to quantify the impact of this regional group on trade and economic performance in Nigeria. Cross sectional time series data for 17 years from 1996 to 2012 were analysed using an augmented (or extended) gravity equation. Results show that being in ECOWAS has contributed very little to trade and economic performance in Nigeria. Lack of political will to implement treaty provisions, poor infrastructure, non diversification of individual countries' economies among other have been identified as the problem causing the very low level of intra regional trade in ECOWAS. There are potential gains to be made in ECOWAS including Nigeria if significant effort are made to implement policy recommendations

The main goal of this thesis is to evaluate two-way trade flows in goods between Guatemala and the European Union, more precisely the import of Guatemalan bananas to the European Union during the period from 2001 to 2009. The thesis focuses on creating a gravity model for the banana trade flows. The exogenous variables in the model are GDP of the EU, GDP of Guatemala, distance and exchange rate. The main goal is achieved by the partial analyses, such as trend analyse of chosen exogenous variables. Two gravity models are assembled: a linear gravity model and a power gravity model. For both variations, there are the verifications as well as the prognosis for the 3 following periods. The results of the research show that a power gravity model is the one more suitable for following the trade flows in bananas between Guatemala and the European Union. The main contribution of this thesis is an establishment of a functional gravity model that could be use in order to follow various trade flows in one commodity between two countries.

The dissertation, that is called The buying preference of customers in large retail facilities (hypermarket, discount store, supermarket, etc.) compared to buying in small retail stores is dealing with consumers and customers preferences in retail stores. The dissertation is divided into two parts. The first part is a theoretical part and the second one is practical part. The theoretical part is based on knowledge gained from non-fiction literature and other relevant sources of information. It provides an overview of the retail and its subcomponents as known as retail activity, types of the retail stores, customers and consumers. The practical part clarifies particular customers and consumers preferences of buying in retail stores. Findings about the preferences were gained by a survey that was executed. They are expressed by words and by graphs for better understanding. On the basis of the findings are statistically evaluated hypothesis concerning to purchase behavior of Czech customers and consumers. In the very end of the dissertation are suggested recommendations that should lead retail stores to gain more and more new customers.

This thesis deals with issue of the international trade with corn in terms of import to the Czech Republic. The target is to predict trends in trade with corn on the czech agricultural market in the world and according to selected criterions. Individual predictions are made using Gretl in future periods in the time from 2016 to 2020, where their essence is to evaluate theoretical and real dates in the development of maize in different years and indicators. The methodology is based on a coherent and deductive procedure. The main methodological framework of the work is structured analysis, which consists of several individual problem-solving stages. They are applied to the case method commodity studies, comparison, description of technical texts, reasoning and logical prediction. Processing the theoretical part of the study follows from legal standards, professional literature, articles and sources of printed and electronic character. In conclusion, it was found that the years 2017 and 2018 will develop in the individual indicators diversely, unstable. However, future prospects expect stabilization of business development with corn on the czech agricultural market until 2019. Year 2020 will bring negative development in trade with corn because of high prices. The productive year in the world was predicted in 2016 due to rising consumption and also production.

This dissertation deals with the topic business logistics. The object of this dissertation is a proposal of a logistic model. Among the supporting goals belongs the improvement, acceleration, expense-to-revenue ratio reduction and the total increase in efficiency of the business and logistic processes in a chosen company. The chosen company is Pražská energetika, a. s. that occupies with the electricity and gas distribution in Prague and in the town Roztoky. It belongs to the main electricity supplier in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part of this dissertation explains and classifies concepts, e.g.: logistic development, supply, transport, storing, business logistics, distribution and logical information systems. The second part of the dissertation focuses on the trade logistic issues in the company Pražská energetika, PLC. On the basis of established information and executed surveys are drafted the solutions that can minimize the expenses and increase the efficiency of the logical and commercial model.

The relevance of the study of this topic is that nowadyas TNC is one of the main structural elements of the economies of most countries, as well as the driving force of its development. To improve the efficiency of the Russian economy and the sustainability of its development is necessary to evaluate the potential of domestic companies and to develop recommendations for the exit to the transnational level. The problem is that methodological universal basis for evaluating the potential of transnationalization companies do not exist. In this regard, the phenomenon of transnational corporations and transnationalization problems require further study. The goal of this study is to develop a methodology to evaluate the potential of transnationalization of Russian companies on the example JSC "Transneft", in other words, the potential of entering to the foreign markets. The object of the study will be transnational corporations, and the subject of research will be Russian companies that have the potential of transnationalization. From the goal arise the following tasks: - to study the phenomenon, the concept and essence of transnational corporations; - to explore the history of the emergence and development of TNCs; - to evaluate the place, role and development tendencies of TNCs in the world economy; - to characterize the sources of effective activities of transnational corporations; - to evaluate key performance indicators TNCs; - to identify the role of TNCs in the economy of Russia; - to learn the specifics of transnationalization of modern Russian companies; - to identify the most important factors in evaluating the potential of transnationalization companies; - to develop a methodology to evaluate the potential of transnationalization companies ; - to develop the recommendations for Russian companies on the example JSC "Transneft" for increasing the potential of transnationalization. The hypothesis of this study is that JSC "Transneft" have the potential to enter to the transnational level and necessary facilities for its implementation.

Topic of this thesis is a retail network and its development in the Czech Republic. Ahold Czech Republic, Inc. Operating hypermarkets Albert was chosen as a subjekt of study. Hypermarket study is applied on is in city of Hradec Kralove and analyzed area is Hradec Kralove county. The work consists of several parts. The first part is theoretical background, where characterization of the concept that are Essentials for the understanding of the topic is being described. Described terms are such as trade, retail trade, retail stores, hypermarket. Another section is devoted to the developmental stages of retail trade in the Czech Republic, as the name of work states. The third part focuses on Ahold Czech Republic Inc., competing chaos such as Kaufland Czech Republic and Tesco Stores CR, and also on the subjekt of this thesis hypermarket in Hradec Kralove. In this charter there is a comparsion of individual chaos as well as description of strenghts and weaknesses, price analysis is being applied, comparison of cash registers, hadnling times and services of individual hypermarkets are included as well. Another part is the iscussion of the results, where comments on individual analyzes are being applied. The thesis also includes a surfy and proposals for action. The last part is the conclusion that closes my thesis.

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