According to the Canadian Community Health Survey, fifty-nine percent of Canadian women are not getting enough exercise to receive health benefits (Canadian Fitness & Lifestyle Institute, 2001). Engaging in regular exercise has been found to provide significant psychological and physical health benefits, such as reduced depression, anxiety, and increased well-being (Bouchard, Shephard, Stephens, Sutton, & Mcpherson, 1990; Georgia State University, 1997; National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 1999; Roth & Holmes, 1987). Therefore, increasing exercise participation contributes to enhancing the well-being of women. The purpose of this study was to examine how self-compassion would be related to self-determined motives to exercise and to outcomes in the exercise domain, and whether self-compassion would explain unique variance beyond self-esteem on those variables. There were two main hypotheses. First, that self-compassion would be positively related to identified, integrated, and intrinsic motives to exercise and to task goals; and negatively related to external and introjected motives to exercise, ego goals, social physique anxiety, and obligatory exercise. Second, it was hypothesized that self-compassion would predict unique variance over and above self-esteem with motivation, goal orientation, physique anxiety, and exercise behaviour. The participants were 252 adult female exercisers, ranging in age from 17 to 43 years, recruited from a small mid-western Canadian university. Participants completed an online survey including the Behavioural Regulations in Exercise Questionnaire (Wilson, Rodgers, Loitz, & Scime, 2006), Rosenbergs Self-Esteem Questionnaire (Rosenberg, 1965), the Self-Compassion Scale (Neff, 2003b), the Goal Orientation in Exercise Measure (Petherick & Markland, 2005), the Social Physique Anxiety Scale (Martin, Rejeski, Leary, McAuley, & Bane, 1997), the Obligatory Exercise Questionnaire (Pasman & Thompson, 1998), and the Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire (Godin & Shepard, 1985). Correlational analyses revealed that self-compassion was positively related to intrinsic motivation (r = 0.19), and negatively related to external (r = -0.24) and introjected (r = -0.41) motivation, ego goals (r = -.20), social physique anxiety (r = -.57), and obligatory exercise behaviour (r = -.24). Hierarchical regression analyses showed that self-compassion contributed negative unique variance over and above self-esteem on introjected motivation (∆R2 = .035), ego goals (∆R2 = .028), social physique anxiety (∆R2 = .042), and obligatory exercise (∆R2 = .018). The present study provides evidence that self-compassion is related to motives to exercise and various outcomes of exercise. Further, this study extends the use of self-determination theory and supports that future research continue to explore the role of self-concept in motivation. Outcomes of well-being were found to be related to self-compassion, suggesting that perhaps self-compassion is a promising construct that may be used to foster long-term womens exercise motives.

According to the Canadian Community Health Survey, fifty-nine percent of Canadian women are not getting enough exercise to receive health benefits (Canadian Fitness & Lifestyle Institute, 2001). Engaging in regular exercise has been found to provide significant psychological and physical health benefits, such as reduced depression, anxiety, and increased well-being (Bouchard, Shephard, Stephens, Sutton, & Mcpherson, 1990; Georgia State University, 1997; National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 1999; Roth & Holmes, 1987). Therefore, increasing exercise participation contributes to enhancing the well-being of women. The purpose of this study was to examine how self-compassion would be related to self-determined motives to exercise and to outcomes in the exercise domain, and whether self-compassion would explain unique variance beyond self-esteem on those variables. There were two main hypotheses. First, that self-compassion would be positively related to identified, integrated, and intrinsic motives to exercise and to task goals; and negatively related to external and introjected motives to exercise, ego goals, social physique anxiety, and obligatory exercise. Second, it was hypothesized that self-compassion would predict unique variance over and above self-esteem with motivation, goal orientation, physique anxiety, and exercise behaviour. The participants were 252 adult female exercisers, ranging in age from 17 to 43 years, recruited from a small mid-western Canadian university. Participants completed an online survey including the Behavioural Regulations in Exercise Questionnaire (Wilson, Rodgers, Loitz, & Scime, 2006), Rosenbergs Self-Esteem Questionnaire (Rosenberg, 1965), the Self-Compassion Scale (Neff, 2003b), the Goal Orientation in Exercise Measure (Petherick & Markland, 2005), the Social Physique Anxiety Scale (Martin, Rejeski, Leary, McAuley, & Bane, 1997), the Obligatory Exercise Questionnaire (Pasman & Thompson, 1998), and the Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire (Godin & Shepard, 1985). Correlational analyses revealed that self-compassion was positively related to intrinsic motivation (r = 0.19), and negatively related to external (r = -0.24) and introjected (r = -0.41) motivation, ego goals (r = -.20), social physique anxiety (r = -.57), and obligatory exercise behaviour (r = -.24). Hierarchical regression analyses showed that self-compassion contributed negative unique variance over and above self-esteem on introjected motivation (∆R2 = .035), ego goals (∆R2 = .028), social physique anxiety (∆R2 = .042), and obligatory exercise (∆R2 = .018). The present study provides evidence that self-compassion is related to motives to exercise and various outcomes of exercise. Further, this study extends the use of self-determination theory and supports that future research continue to explore the role of self-concept in motivation. Outcomes of well-being were found to be related to self-compassion, suggesting that perhaps self-compassion is a promising construct that may be used to foster long-term womens exercise motives.

Abstract The aim of this essay is to find out what kinds of adaption are necessary when translating an English text from a specialist book into a text that will suit Swedish students in upper secondary school. In order to obtain the data needed for the study I translated a part of a chapter from the book North American Indian Wars by Richard H. Dillon. The analysis focuses on how to make the target text as clear and unambiguous as possible for the intended readers and what methods can be used to reach this aim. The analysis shows that one kind of adaption that had to be made during the translation process mainly consisted of additions and omissions. The additions were made in order to clarify certain passages in the source text that otherwise could have been difficult for the target readers to understand. The omissions, on the other hand, were often made due to the fact that some of the words or phrases in the source text are very specific and may refer to things that may be unknown to the target readers. In some cases such words or phrases could be omitted without making the target text lose any vital information, and in some cases they had to be exchanged with an explanation or a word that would be easier for the intended readers to understand. Apart from addition and omission of information, Vinay and Darbelnet’s procedures of modulation and equivalence were used in order to make the target text accessible to the target readers. The analysis shows that obligatory modulation had to be used due to differences in point of view between English and Swedish, whereas optional modulation was used to suit the target readers’ level of attainment. The analysis also shows that Vinay and Darbelnet’s procedure of equivalence was very useful when translating idioms, metaphors and similes in order to make the target text easy to understand for the target readers.

Social pressure for sustainability has become a significant factor in Australian business. Made popular by a variety of diverse social movements that employ various tactics, sustainability is increasingly being debated in boardrooms and work areas of both large and small businesses. In this research, sustainability issues are treated as a set of a wider range of obligatory and externally imposed (OEI) issues that are increasingly confronting contemporary business. Of interest to this research is how senior managers deal with sustainability issues. While some businesses excel in dealing with OEI issues, others prevaricate. This research focuses on those businesses that appear to excel in resolving sustainability issues to explore how senior managers deal with sustainability issues. Such understanding is essential for contemporary practising senior managers, as it provides guidance for management behaviour that will enable sustainability and other OEI issues to be dealt with. The author's effort to understand how senior managers deal with sustainability issues has led to the first business context application of Harré's positioning theory. A social constructionist approach, positioning theory is concerned with ordinary conversations, and presumes that these are the building blocks of all other discursive phenomena. The resulting theory builds on positioning theory and provides a point of departure to conduct related research on other organizations that excel in dealing with OEI issues and those that prevaricate. With positioning theory it has been shown that, in dealing with sustainability issues, senior managers engage in a range of positioning of themselves and others. In doing so, power and knowledge have been considered in the light of Foucault's unique and penetrating concepts. This has led to the proposed augmentation of positioning theory to include a concept of social flux, which is put forward as an indication of social order or culture. Through this development, it has shown how senior managers confront opposition and reinforce support to enable them to achieve and preserve sustainability objectives. In practical terms, senior managers alter four components of the social order to align the culture with the issues that need to be dealt with. These components - rights, duties, morals and actions - are parameters that senior managers tune or level when they deal with sustainability issues. When the social order is appropriately tuned or levelled, it is aligned with the issues that need to be dealt with. That alignment enables issues to be resolved in a way appropriate for the organization.

The current study examined the relations among internalization of sociocultural attitudes towards appearance, magical thinking, muscle dysmorphia, and eating disorder symptoms in models of obligatory exercise for males and females. The results indicated that several different developmental trajectories exist that vary from person to person. Several of the models proposed were supported or partially supported. The first model demonstrated mediation and moderation; at low levels of magical thinking, eating disorder attitudes and behaviors fully mediated the relation between internalization of societal standards of appearance and obligatory exercise. The second model was supported for the female sample, and indicated that obligatory exercise partially mediated the relation between internalization of societal standards of appearance and eating disorder attitudes and behaviors. The second model assessing eating disorder attitudes and behaviors for the male sample was not supported. A third model evaluated a mediational effect of muscle dysmorphia, but was not evident. However, when magical thinking was high, muscle dysmorphia significantly predicted obligatory exercise. The fourth model evaluated obligatory exercise as a mediator of the relation between internalization of societal standards of appearance and muscle dysmorphia, and partial mediation was demonstrated for the males. The fourth model was not supported for the females; instead, it appears that both internalization of societal standards of appearance and obligatory exercise contribute to muscle dysmorphia. Collectively, the results of this study support the use of a transdiagnostic perspective when designing intervention and treatment programs for individuals who may suffer from eating disorders, obligatory exercise and/or muscle dysmorphia.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-10-31T13:49:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 pablodeoliveirapereira.pdf: 853465 bytes, checksum: dde1a1349af27f9de6b2f9ee62368462 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-11-09T14:05:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 pablodeoliveirapereira.pdf: 853465 bytes, checksum: dde1a1349af27f9de6b2f9ee62368462 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-09T14:05:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pablodeoliveirapereira.pdf: 853465 bytes, checksum: dde1a1349af27f9de6b2f9ee62368462 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-22 / Os estágios obrigatórios são parte fundamental na formação de licenciados, visto que são nessas atividades que os futuros professores têm efetivamente contato com as instituições de ensino que irão ingressar. O presente trabalho irá analisar os processos utilizados para a gestão dos estágios obrigatórios nos cursos de Ciências Biológicas, Letras e Matemática da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF). A escolha do tema foi pautada em observações feitas no exercício das funções de técnico Administrativo em educação na Coordenação de Estágios da PROGRAD – UFJF, em que pude observar como hipótese de pesquisa uma centralização administrativa das atividades de estágios obrigatórios em licenciatura na Faculdade de Educação da UFJF. Além disso, a escolha dos referidos cursos de graduação foi estratégica, uma vez que visamos compreender como é o funcionamento dos estágios obrigatórios em Licenciatura nas três áreas da ciência na UFJF, a saber, Ciências Humanas, Exatas e da Saúde. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa foi verificada a estrutura dada aos estágios obrigatórios em licenciatura, a normatização existente para seu funcionamento, bem como do papel dos órgãos gestores na sua administração. Portanto, diante destes problemas citados, apresentamos, em um primeiro momento, o contexto institucional dos estágios obrigatórios na UFJF, com atenção especial aos estágios em licenciatura, descrevendo todos os dados levantados a partir da investigação de documentos oficiais. Em seguida, analisar o problema de pesquisa. Para isso, apresentar-se-ão alguns conceitos fundamentais e argumentos sobre o assunto, baseando-se em obras de autores, tais como: Max Weber; Zhu Qianwei; Norbert Alter, Júlio Diniz, entre outros. Pretendeu-se também realizar entrevistas com sujeitos institucionais chave neste processo administrativo dos estágios obrigatórios em licenciatura na UFJF. Por fim, foram apresentadas, por meio de um Plano de Ação Educacional (PAE), alternativas para mais eficiente administração de tais estágios, baseadas em alguns dispositivos já presentes na instituição, tais como recursos de tecnologia da informação, em que os formulários de estágio fossem preenchidos por meio do Sistema Integrado de Gestão Acadêmica da UFJF, visando a melhor gestão de estágios dos cursos de licenciaturas na Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. / The obligatory internships are a fundamental part of the training of graduates, because it is in these activities that the future teachers have effectively contact with the educational institutions that will join. The present work will analyze the processes used for the management of compulsory traineeships in the Biological Sciences, Literatures and Mathematics courses of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF). The choice of topic was based on observations made in the exercise of the Administrative technician in education in the Coordination of Internships of PROGRAD - UFJF, in which I was able to observe as a research hypothesis an administrative centralization of the activities of compulsory internships in undergraduate courses at the Faculty of Education of UFJF. In addition, the choice of these undergraduate courses was strategic, since we aimed to understand how the compulsory internships in graduation work in the three areas of science in the UFJF, namely, Human Sciences, Exact Sciences and Health Sciences. For the development of the research, the structure given to the compulsory stages in graduation, the existing standardization for its operation, as well as the role of the managing organs in its administration were verified. Therefore, in view of these problems, we will first present the institutional context of the obligatory internships at the UFJF, with special attention to the undergraduate courses, describing all the data gathered from the investigation of official documents. Then analyze the search problem. For this, some fundamental concepts and arguments on the subject will be presented, based on works by authors such as: Max Weber; Zhu Qianwei; Norbert Alter, Júlio Diniz, among others. It is also intended to conduct interviews with key institutional actors in this administrative process of compulsory internships in UFJF. Finally, through an Educational Action Plan (SAP), alternatives for more efficient administration of these stages, based on some devices already present in the institution, such as information technology resources, In which the internship forms were filled out through the Integrated Academic Management System of UFJF, aiming at the management of internships in undergraduate courses at the Federal University of Juiz de Fora.

Abstract In homeothermic birds and mammals, several thermoregulatory adaptations have evolved for surviving in unstable, food-restricted conditions. This study focuses on two adaptive mechanisms in pigeons (Columba livia) and quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica): hypothermia and the adaptive use obligatory heat production connected with feeding and digestion. The plasticity of the hypothermic response in fed and fasted birds and birds with restricted feeding was studied in laboratory and outdoor winter conditions. The other objective was to study adaptive timing of digestion, and substitution of facultative thermogenesis by obligatory heat production in cold and at thermoneutrality. The results showed that fasting has a strong influence on the level of nocturnal hypothermia in laboratory conditions: hypothermia becomes progressively deeper when fasting continues. In outdoor conditions, ambient temperature and predation risk modulated the daily body temperature (Tb) pattern of fasting pigeons. In very cold conditions, diurnal Tb of fasted birds also dropped below the normal level of the active phase. Predation risk prevented diurnal hypothermia but also attenuated the depth of nocturnal hypothermia in fasting pigeons. This study provides the first empirical effects of predation risk on hypothermia in starving birds. The study suggests that the presence of crop in pigeons allows adaptive timing of digestion. At thermoneutrality, peak digestion appeared late in the dark phase in birds with fed in the morning. Because the Tb of the birds increases to diurnal levels late in the dark phase, this obligatory heat from digestion can be used to aid re-warming by such timing. On other hand, the results of this study were partly opposite to the classical model of thermoregulatory substitution. In line with the classical model, a postprandial increase in metabolic rate (heat increment of feeding, HIF) was seen at thermoneutrality but not in cold. However, electromyographic measurements showed that there was no postprandial decrease in the intensity of shivering in the fed birds in cold. This indicates that true thermoregulatory substitution may be less common than assumed and suggests a role for facultative thermogenesis in HIF.

The aim of this study is to analyse essays written in English by Swedish pupils and to map the most common errors made in written communication. The grammatical features selected for the analysis are prepositions, articles, verb forms, subject-verb agreement and word order. Furthermore, the errors will be grouped and ranked according to the Obligatory Occasion Analysis not only to assess the pupils’ development but also to help the teachers to prepare for their lesson planning.

This thesis is aimed at individual entrepreneurship. It focuses on administrative demands the individual entrepreneur has to encounter when keeping tax record and accounting. Part of this thesis is also the historical development of legislation in this field. Basic obligatory records of entrepreneur towards financial authorities, social security administration and a health insurance company at the beginning and also during enterprise are summarized within the thesis. The main emphasis of this thesis is placed on the contents of keeping tax record and accounting. Comparison of these systems regarding the impact on the personal income tax is not a subject of this thesis. The empirical part of this thesis illustrates a tax record keeping of an actual entrepreneur.

This thesis discusses comprehensively statutes of a joint stock company. The thesis analyses the mandatory and optional elements of the statutes under the Commercial Code. The aim is not to list all elements that the statutes may include, but to direct potential founder of a company to the necessary provisions of the statutes according to the purpose of the stock company. One part of the thesis deals with the adoption, modification and nullity of the statutes. There are outlined changes in regard to the new Act on Commercial Corporations which comes in force on January 1, 2014 and has an influence on the content of the status. Lastly the thesis drafts the statutes in case of the establishment of a joint stock company. The procedure respects the provisions of the Act on Commercial Corporations too.