Traditional Soviet conceptualisation of slang, argot and obscenities as ‘substandard’ is argued to have strong ideological underpinnings. Despite such lexis gaining increased visibility in public speech starting from Perestroika times, sociolinguistic research into their use is still scarce and often tainted by the same judgemental approach. Rejecting the association of slang, argot and obscenities with speakers’ insufficient linguistic competency, this study shifts attention to their identity construction values. Drawing largely on constructionist sociolinguistics, this thesis examines the use of slang, argot and obscenities in the scripts of six post-Soviet Russian films released in the period 1993-2005. It investigates how indexical connections between language and society were exploited, negotiated and, at times, reinterpreted in the films. Lexical variation is conceived here as a stylistic resource, and its functions in cinematic discourse are analysed in terms of statics (engagement with stereotypes) and dynamics (identity work) of characterisation. With regards to the former, the focused and economic conditions of film production determine that stereotypes are often drawn on to provide quick identification, especially in construction of minor characters. Stereotypes of criminals, youth and uneducated male adults were analysed, revealing that cinema does not only exploit direct associations between lexical varieties and social groups, but also engages with such stereotypes agentively, bringing to viewers’ attention their arbitrary nature and rigidity of boundaries, established by social categories. Language variation can also represent dynamics of characters’ identity work, which was analysed on two levels – interpersonal and ideational. The analysis revealed a multitude of functions, which on the interpersonal level drew on associations with familiarity, power and catharsis, yet defying stable connections between lexical varieties and structural elements. On the ideational level slang, argot and obscenities were shown to render characters’ orientation towards social structure and discourses, prevalent in the contemporary Russian society. This thesis thus shows that slang, argot and obscenities are a versatile meaning-making resource, employed in cinematic discourse for a variety of purposes. Focusing on the way character identities are styled through the use of lexical variation enabled this project to account for both the local instances of identity construction and the macro-level attempts of the filmmakers to critically engage with the social structures, exploring, questioning and reinterpreting them.

The tale Obscenity for a housewife, of Ignacio de Loyola Brandão, set in a storybook adopted by the federal government for public schools, sparked controversy in 2010 because of its content deemed obscene. A parent of a public high school student called the report from TV Globo to show their outrage at the choice of the book due to the tale, could not be studied in the classroom by teenagers. Working with adolescents for over twenty years and watching todays youth, the programs they watch, the music they listen to and the books they read, I noticed an inconsistency in the fathers complaining. What I realize is a rigor in relation to what is studied in school, where current issues involving sex must be interdicted for going against expectations of parents regarding the school curriculum. Thus, school and reality would be dissociated from each other, as many parents still have a certain expectation of what should be taught to their children. In view of this, my research is to analyze the contradictions between what circulates culturally among young people and the conservative reaction of parents through the materiality of his sayings. Thus, the research will deepen the historical study of the words behind the objections of parents creators of controversy and, from there, understand how and why the controversy was sustained. Taking as starting point the tale of Ignacio de Loyola Brandão, aims to make a comparative analysis of some songs lyrics, the subject of some films, the subject of some best-selling books whose comments circulates on social networks urging other young to read it, newspaper articles on the subject of controversy with works of classical literature. Supported the theoretical assumptions of discourse analysis of the French line, the speech of the parents will be analyzed, as well as the lyrics, the mentioned films and some literary references will also be used to compared to the tale of Ignacio de Loyola Brandão, present conflicting Brazilian educational standards of education responsible for a paradoxical values and, in some cases, without parameters. Supported the theoretical assumptions of discourse analysis of the French line, the speech of the parents will be analyzed, as well as the lyrics, the films and some literary references will also be used to compared to Brandãos tale. In field theory, the theoretical framework ofreference of discourse analysis of Michel Pecheux in its interface with psychoanalysis and Foucaults theory is used, seeking to reveal the sexual fantasies of a housewife. The theories of feminist Simone de Beauvoir will be also used to support the body of research on the vision that society had of women, in addition to studies of Mary Del Priori about female figure and her social position in a patriarchal and conservative society of the nineteenth century. / O conto Obscenidades para uma dona de casa, de Ignácio de Loyola Brandão, inserido em um livro de contos adotado pelo Governo estadual de São Paulo para as escolas públicas, gerou polêmica em 2010 pelo seu teor considerado obsceno. Pais de alunos de diversas cidades do estado de São Paulo denunciaram em redes de TV e na internet a escolha do livro devido ao conto que, segundo eles, não poderia ser estudado em sala de aula por uma turma de adolescentes. A polêmica gerada pelas reclamações desses pais, contudo, se deve ao rigor de julgamento da sociedade em relação ao quê se estuda na escola. A sexualidade, na visão de alguns pais, precisa ser interditada por ir de encontro às suas expectativas no que concerne ao currículo escolar. Uma possível causa dessa atitude deles é a memória histórica que faz com que reproduzam, inconscientemente, o modelo de educação dado, desde tempos remotos, aos filhos, numa época em que a sexualidade era vedada às jovens. Muitos pais dizem não estar preparados para esse assunto com seus filhos; outros dizem que essa função deve ser da escola; professores alegam não saber como trabalhar esse tema, ou seja, eles preferem ignorar o assunto alegando o despreparo de seus jovens para discutir sexo e sexualidade e, quando um livro, com estórias de temas polêmicos como esses, é entregue nas escolas, os pais denunciam como imorais. Entretanto, apesar da polêmica gerada pelos responsáveis dos adolescentes, percebe-se uma permissividade em relação à indústria cultural. Em vista disso, essa pesquisa tem como proposta analisar as contradições entre o que circula culturalmente na sociedade livros, filmes, músicas etc. e a reação conservadora dos pais por meio da materialidade de seus dizeres. Assim, a pesquisa aprofundará o estudo histórico sobre os dizeres que estão subjacentes às objeções dos pais criadores da polêmica e, a partir disso, entender como e por que a polêmica se sustentou. Tendo como ponto de partida o conto de Ignácio de Loyola Brandão, pretende-se fazer uma análise comparativa no que diz respeito ao conteúdo envolvendo a sexualidade ou o sexo de produções culturais consumidas pelos estudantes adolescentes que, não fazendo parte do universo educacional, não são interditados pelos pais. Para a base teórica da pesquisa, será utilizado o quadro de referências teórico da análise do discurso de Michel Pêcheux em sua interface com a psicanálise e estudos de Foucault a respeito do significante do discurso, buscando compreender as fantasias sexuais criadas pela dona de casa do conto de Brandão. Os materiais culturais consumidos pelos estudantes, assim como os dizeres dos pais recolhidos da imprensa, serão analisados a partir dos pressupostos teóricos da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa e de alguns conceitos da psicanálise. Também me valerei das teorias da feminista Simone de Beauvoir para fundamentar o corpo da pesquisa referente à visão que a sociedade teve das mulheres, além dos estudos de Mary Del Priori acerca da figura feminina e sua posição social em uma sociedade patriarcal e conservadora do século XIX.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:33:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Karla Somogyi.pdf: 11668663 bytes, checksum: c4cb050865c7cdf3820798c94aac6099 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-04 / The present thesis has as main objective the study of linguistic-discursive mechanisms involved in establishing the discourse based on veiled sexualization of referents as well as humor in newspapers headlines, to understand more deeply the mechanism of construction of meaning in such texts. To this end, headlines expressing veiled eroticism or obscenity from the popular sensationalist newspaper Meia Hora, published during the Olympic Games of London 2012, were selected as corpus of analysis. The research is founded on the study of Preti (2010) about the discourse based on veiled sexualization and obscenities; on the methodology principles of the French school of Discourse Analysis developed by Maingueneau (2010, 2013), supported by Bakhtin (1992, 1997) and on the studies about human interaction by Grice (1982), Goffman (1967) Brown and Levinson (1987); on Ducrot's (1977, 1987) studies of Linguistic Semantics and on the theory developed by Raskin (1985, 1992) inserted into a new interactional social-cognitive perspective of Text Linguistics, that formulates the semantic-linguistic mechanism of humor. In the present work, we observe that the discourse of veiled sexualization and obscenities explores a semantic-linguistic resource that, at the same time, leads to laughter. This resource is based on the partnership between reader and newspaper, in a way that veiled obscenity and humor are explored in the elaboration of sensationalist headlines to recreate the notified facts, as a strategy to produce empathy and closeness, to please a particular readership who shares the same social values and has linguistic competence to take part in a playful usage of language / A presente dissertação tem por objetivo principal o estudo dos mecanismos linguístico-discursivos envolvidos na instauração do discurso da malícia e do humor nas manchetes jornalísticas, para a compreensão mais profunda do mecanismo de construção de sentido desses textos. Para tanto, foram selecionadas, como corpus de análise, as manchetes maliciosas do jornal popular sensacionalista Meia Hora, veiculadas no período dos Jogos Olímpicos de Londres em 2012. A pesquisa fundamenta-se no estudo de Preti (2010) sobre o discurso da malícia; nos princípios da metodologia da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa desenvolvidos por Maingueneau (2010, 2013), apoiado em Bakhtin (1992, 1997) e nos estudos sobre interação humana de Grice (1982), Goffman (1967) e Brown e Levinson (1987); na Semântica Linguística dos estudos de Ducrot (1977, 1987) e na teoria desenvolvida por Raskin (1985, 1991), inserida em uma perspectiva sociocognitiva interacional da Linguística Textual, que formula o mecanismo semântico-linguístico do humor. No presente trabalho observamos que o discurso da malícia dispõe de um expediente semântico-linguístico que, ao mesmo tempo, leva ao riso e baseia-se na cumplicidade entre leitor e jornal, de forma que a malícia e o humor são explorados na elaboração das manchetes sensacionalistas para recriar os fatos noticiados, como uma estratégia para produzir empatia, aproximação e agradar a um determinado público leitor, que partilha dos mesmos valores sociais e que tem competência linguística e cômica para participar de um jogo lúdico com a linguagem