Proefschrift--Faculteit der sociale wetenschappen--Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden, 1998. / Résumé en néerlandais. Bibliogr. p. 405-422. Glossaire. Index. 1998 d'après la p. qui tient lieu de p. de titre.

Japan¡¦s China policy in the Period of Post-Cold War The Japanese-Chinese relationship is one of the most important variable in the formation of a new strategic environment in the Asia Pacific region. Japan faces China¡¦s rising and under condition of U.S.-Japan alliance. Japan acts up to the maneuvers of ¡§engagement when and if possible¡¨ and ¡§containment of necessary¡¨. Japan undergone a change which multi-seat electoral system in the post-cold war world, and this change has effect on the reign of Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). And besides, Mr. Junichiro Koizumi¡BMr. Hashimoto Ryutaro¡Band Mr. kiichi Miyazawa, Prime Minister of Japan who put great emphasis on Japan¡¦s great power policy, as mentioned above, Japan domestic affairs had effect upon Japan¡¦s China policy. Japan¡¦s dualistic China policy, referred to as ¡§engagement policy¡¨.It intends to steer China towards a peaceful and sustainable path by assisting it with economic policy tools with ¡§hedging¡¨ against any China¡¦s convulsion. In sum, Japan employs the containment element of engagement policy through various policy level (unilateral¡Bbilateral¡Band multilateral)in order to build stable and prosperity of the Asia pacific region.

As a result of political antagonism across the Taiwan Strait, Taiwan has engaged in ¡§pragmatic diplomacy¡¨ since the end of 1980s in an attempt to reenter the international community and to establish more substantial official relations with foreign countries. As developing country, Taiwan has been donors of foreign aid with strong diplomatic incentives attached. Under the guideline of Taiwan¡¦s foreign policy goals, we have consistently chosen aid recipients that meet our diplomatic needs. In the 1990s, however, under the guidance of pragmatic diplomacy, Taiwan has made a concerted effort to reenter the international community and focused instead on improving state-to state relations. Official diplomacy and NGO activities may be "different approaches to the same ends," as the old Chinese saying goes, but they are fundamentally different. By mixing NGO functions with "track one" diplomacy, Taiwan has placed itself in an even worse position given the current international situation. NGO activities, however, are exchanges between civilians, not governments. In such unfavorable political antagonism across the Taiwan Strait circumstances, enabling Taiwan's NGOs -- with the help of official diplomacy -- to give full play to their functions overseas while building long-standing partnerships with foreign nations and people, should definitely be considered one of Taiwan's mid-to long-term strategic goals.

<p>Oda kao umjetnička forma, lijepo i uzvi&scaron;eno, razum i ma&scaron;ta, dinamički i<br />matematički uzvi&scaron;eno, uzvi&scaron;enost forme i uzvi&scaron;enost ideje, subjektivizacija uzvi&scaron;enosti, neki<br />su od ključnih pojmova kojima se bavi ovo istraživanje. Međutim, u &scaron;irem kontekstu, ono<br />obuhvata i pojmove individualnog i op&scaron;teg, vječnog i prolaznog, konačnog i beskonačnog,<br />ljudskog i mitskog, ljudskog i božanskog, čovjeka i prirode. Sva ta pitanja, naime, prožimaju<br />se u uzvi&scaron;enim okvirima ode, koja je svojim postojanjem obilježavala najsvjetlije tačke<br />pojedinih epoha i upisivala ih u veličanstvenu hroniku ljudske istorije. Ovaj rad predstavlja<br />osvrt na tu zlatnu hroniku u kojoj će, nadamo se, i na&scaron;a epoha upisati nekoliko stihova.</p> / <p>Ode as an artistic form, beautiful and sublime, reason and imagination,<br />dynamically and mathematically sublime, the sublimity of a form and the sublimity of an<br />idea, subjectivity of the sublime, are some of the key terms of this study. However, in<br />somewhat wider context, it also includes the individual and the universal, eternal and<br />temporal, finite and infinite, human and mythical, human and divine, man and nauture. All<br />these questions are intertwined in the sublime frame of an ode, which, by its own existence,<br />has marked the brightest spots of each epoch and written them in the magnificent chronicle of<br />human history. This work represents the retrospect of that golden chronicle in which our own<br />epoch will hopefully write a few lines.</p>

The foreign aid sector is expanding each year, distributing hundreds of billions of USD per year to the least developed countries of the world. Meanwhile, extensive research has found that aid is not an efficient way to stimulate economic growth in the recipients. Neither is it an effective way to increase long-term sustainable development. While a major debate is going on regarding what actions can be taken to increase the efficiency of foreign aid, a parallel discussion is going on regarding whether the motives of the donor countries are complicit in making the aid inefficient. This thesis examines the contemporary discourse on motives behind foreign aid allocation and puts together an analytical framework for distinguishing between humanitarian, developmental and strategical motives. This framework is used to interpret the results of an empirical study covering two groups of donors; five donors that have previously been found to prioritize their own interests over those of the recipients, and five donors with a more altruistic profile within the literature on the topic. The results of this study corroborate those findings, while emphasizing the impact of colonial- and regional ties for both groups of donors.

Official Development Assistance (ODA) or international development aid (defined as the transfer of official financing to promote the development and welfare of developing countries), is a highly influential and politically sensitive area of international relations. Though it is not governed by any international legal agreement, it displays remarkable cohesion across the major Northern donors in its modalities of governance, the coherence in its normative aims and in its institutional reform agenda. In order to understand why, this project focuses on the central, if overlooked, role of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and its Development Assistance Committee (DAC) as the key institutional locus of the international governance of ODA by donors. This project examines the legal nature of the international governance of ODA, tracing and critically analysing the link between the governance of ODA and governance by ODA. It demonstrates how the legal form of the international governance of ODA is central to the reach and effectiveness of the legal and institutional reform agenda promoted via ODA at national and international levels, and to contouring the legal and political subjectivities of donors and aid-recipient states in ways that escape formal legal and democratic recognition. Finding that mainstream legal analytical methods fail to fully capture the legal-juridical quality of the international governance framework of ODA, and the particular role of law therein, I develop a new analytical lens based on the concepts of ‘jurisdiction’ (as juris dictio) and the ‘signature.’ This lens reveals how ODA creates a distinct jurisdiction with its own internal legal logic, where donor and aid-recipient subjectivities and relations of authority are continually constructed and maintained by international governance instruments and practices developed during colonial and imperial governance eras under the League of Nations and Marshall Plan institutions. I demonstrate how this jurisdictional space is augmented by key legal, policy, bureaucratic and technocratic instruments of governance by the OECD and DAC, through patterns of juridification and reiteration.

第二次世界大戰後，日本便將對外政策確立在經濟外交(Economic diplomacy)的方針上，善用經濟外交，不僅使日本在短時間内得以重回國際社會，廣結與國，並穩定經濟發展所需資源的供給與輸出，從而發展工業，再增國力，蓄積了經濟實力，同時也使日本回復其國際地位。 在戰後日本的外交分析過程中，隨著日本成為世界第二大的經濟大國地位，年年巨大的政府開發援助資金（ODA）也在日本政治外交領域上成為重要的分析對象之一。尤其是日本對中華民國經濟援助是1964年日本加入OECD，透過專門處理日元貸款的國際協力機構「海外協力基金(OECF)」的設立，台灣乃是第一個透過日本的專門援助機構所處理的受援國。因此回顧對華援助意味著填補日華關係上的歷史空白兼日本的國際協力史。 本論文研究戰後自1960年代至1970年代，日本對中華民國經濟援助之動機與施行結果。

Many countries use aid as a political tool, but Japan is unique in that foreign aid is one of its most important foreign policy tools. Drawing from literature on donor motivations for aid-giving, this paper argues that the neo-realist view of aid-giving offers the best explanation for why Japan provides aid. More specifically, Japan’s aid-giving is motivated by its pursuit of economic and strategic goals. This underlying motive for aid-giving necessarily impacts how Japan provides aid and how it uses aid to respond to human rights violations in recipient countries.

Sol-gel process was utilized to produce organic/inorganic composite in this research, and the effect of mixing time¡]of polymer¡¦s and silica¡¦s precursor¡^ and coupling agent were investigated. To get low к materials was also the important objective. TMA, TGA, SEM, FT-IR, and RF impedance were used to investigate thermal properties, chemical bonding, morphology, and dielectric constant, respectively. The experiments showed that mixing time influence little to thermal stability but a lot to morphology and к. When mixing time was nearer to reaction time, the particle of silica was larger and the surface was flatter. The materials with coupling agent didn¡¦t show the same tendency as one without coupling agent. Regardless of coupling agent, it got larger к when mixing time was nearer to reaction time. Comparing with pure polymer, the modified materials got lower к. The lowest к got in this research was 2.36 which was lower than other materials.

The goal of the work was to investigate the rheological properties of laminated leather and predict the relaxation behaviour in order to select and substantiate the shaping regime.