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There is a wide acknowledgement that education is a strong contribution to economic growth. Knowledge is considered to have a boosting contribution to production which in turn pushes effectiveness and economic growth to a higher level. This puts knowledge and education in a larger context in society. Education is measured through human capital. Human capital has been considered as least as important as physical capital when making investment decisions. For this reason, it is of interest to study education in relation to economic growth. In this study, I found that there is a significant relationship between education and economic growth through a cross-study analysis. The study is based on data from 35 OECD countries between the period of 2010 and 2015. Although this, the study cannot assume a general conclusion and functions as a theoretical contribution to further studies within the field.

The diploma thesis deals with the export credit insurance as one of the possible instruments for covering business risks in international trade. Furthermore, it indicates its basic forms and also focuses on the international rules, which regulate the providing of export credit insurance. The main stress is laid on the development of export credit insurance with state support in a time of global financial and economic crisis. The thesis offers a view of the specific anti-crisis measures of some selected export credit agencies and their impact on the international trade development.

Official Development Assistance (ODA) or international development aid (defined as the transfer of official financing to promote the development and welfare of developing countries), is a highly influential and politically sensitive area of international relations. Though it is not governed by any international legal agreement, it displays remarkable cohesion across the major Northern donors in its modalities of governance, the coherence in its normative aims and in its institutional reform agenda. In order to understand why, this project focuses on the central, if overlooked, role of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and its Development Assistance Committee (DAC) as the key institutional locus of the international governance of ODA by donors. This project examines the legal nature of the international governance of ODA, tracing and critically analysing the link between the governance of ODA and governance by ODA. It demonstrates how the legal form of the international governance of ODA is central to the reach and effectiveness of the legal and institutional reform agenda promoted via ODA at national and international levels, and to contouring the legal and political subjectivities of donors and aid-recipient states in ways that escape formal legal and democratic recognition. Finding that mainstream legal analytical methods fail to fully capture the legal-juridical quality of the international governance framework of ODA, and the particular role of law therein, I develop a new analytical lens based on the concepts of ‘jurisdiction’ (as juris dictio) and the ‘signature.’ This lens reveals how ODA creates a distinct jurisdiction with its own internal legal logic, where donor and aid-recipient subjectivities and relations of authority are continually constructed and maintained by international governance instruments and practices developed during colonial and imperial governance eras under the League of Nations and Marshall Plan institutions. I demonstrate how this jurisdictional space is augmented by key legal, policy, bureaucratic and technocratic instruments of governance by the OECD and DAC, through patterns of juridification and reiteration.

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Den omtvistade frågan om ekonomisk ojämlikhet är ständigt på den politiska agendan. Ponera att det önskvärda vore att klyftorna i samhället skulle minska. Kommer i så fall de regleringar som krävs för att uppnå detta med negativa konsekvenser i form av lägre ekonomisk tillväxt? Att saknaden av incitament skulle avskräcka enskilda individer från att satsa på karriär och innovationer är vanliga argument i hur tillväxttakten skulle påverkas negativt. Denna studie har undersökt hur sambandet mellan ojämlikhet i inkomst och ekonomisk tillväxt ser ut i OECD-länder samt i afrikanska länder mellan åren 1966-2014. Ett positivt samband kunde påvisas i båda grupperna vilket är i enighet med tidigare studier. Det intressanta är den eventuellt existerande Kuznetskurvan där sambandet mellan ojämlikhet och tillväxt blir det motsatta efter en viss nivå i landets utvecklingsfas. Inga konkreta bevis på detta hittas men tendenser kan urskiljas hos OECD-länderna när ojämlikhet och BNP per capita plottas mot varandra i ett punktdiagram. Denna studie lyckas inte heller med en icke-linjär regressionsmodell påvisa denna Kuznetskurvas existens, men detta skulle kunna bero på en del extremvärdens inverkan på resultatet. Ett diagram där höga värden på gini-index exkluderas visar nämligen hur sambandet mellan ojämlikhet i inkomst och ekonomisk tillväxt efter en viss nivå vänds och således blir negativt.

Among the tools available to enhance the rationality of policy formulation, Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA) has captured the attention of many scholars for its potential to enhance the accountability and transparency of regulatory governance. Although almost all EU and OECD member states have adopted RIA, only a sub- set of small-n case comparative studies on institutional, political and administrative impact have been conducted. By filling this gap in the literature and proposing the rigorous operationalisation of concepts such as adoption, extent of implementation, and learning, this thesis ascertains the extent of interdependency among governments in their choices concerning an innovation of regulatory governance. Methodologically, the dissertation draws on a multi-method approach, consisting of qualitative analysis to track the process of institutionalisation, as well as event history analysis, based on a dataset covering thirty-eight countries from 1968 to 2006. The empirical findings show that diffusion is a multifaceted process. In the decision to adopt RIA, the role of the OECD in translating, packaging, and promoting such administrative innovation coexists with previous innovations and other administrative variables. Yet the impact of interdependency is marginal in the successive phases of implementation and evaluation. Earliness of adoption is the major predictor of the extent of implementation. There is little evidence of interaction and communication among adopters on the subject of their learning experience. On balance, this regulatory governance innovation is a domain of symbolic and rhetorical meanings that is not adequately supported by administrative capacity.

This thesis sets out to explain the relationship between fiscal spending and economic growth. The relationship is established using a panel vector autoregression model estimated by GMM, using GDP growth and government spending on a panel of 30 OECD countries. The model used is tested with slight variations in specification which are concluded to be important in the finalized results. By altering the specification used in the model this thesis produces relatively different sizes on the multiplier effect both in the short run and in the long run effect. The size of the multiplier effect produced by this thesis is varying between 0.437 on the low side and 2.224 on the high side depending on a few alterations in model specification. Similarly, the long run multiplier effect is measured as 1.873 on the low side and 8.263 on the high side. The mean duration of the multiplier effect is estimated to be approximately 3 years.

The diploma work is called: "Analysis of preparation for the post of Principal in Selected Country of OECD. It is aimed at preparing the Principal in their profession before taking the office. It describes the different educational systems focused on the training of directors in selected OECD countries - the Czech Republic, USA, Canada, Chile. The aim is to compare the preparation for the profession Principal before taking office in each country, focusing on practice, education, legal grounding.. The theoretical part deals with the historical perspective of the OECD in terms of education, access to education in different historical periods since the inception of the organization. It also deals with the initial preparation of Principals prior to becoming director in terms of personality and school manager. The practical part describes the situation of education with a focus on Principal in selected countries. the conclusion are set out common elements of education directors.

Information technology is a driving factor in the process of globalisation. Improvements in the early 1990s in computer hardware, software and telecommunications greatly increased people’s ability to access information. (The Levin Institute, 2013). Globalisation is not a new concept however the pace of integration of national economies and markets has substantially increased in recent years (OECD, 2013e: 7). It can be argued that ‘globalisation’ began with Christopher Columbus and Vasco da Gama (O’Rourke and Williamson, 2000), but the term has only been in existence since the 1960s (Jeffery, 2002). It can be said that information technology has been the most recent major catalyst for global integration (The Levin Institute, 2013) which has enabled globalisation to change the way in which companies do business (PWC, 2013a). In relation to the globalisation of the world’s economies, the concept of ‘a permanent establishment’ has gained significant importance worldwide, due to the direct impact on the tax revenue generated (Nayyar, 2010). In the current era of cross-border transactions and the increase in international trade and commerce among nations, there is a continuous movement of human capital across borders. One of the most significant results of globalisation is the noticeable impact of one country’s domestic tax policies on the economy of another country. Double taxation has an adverse effect on trade and services. Taxation of the same income by two or more countries (juridical double taxation) would constitute an unfair burden on the taxpayer. (Aimurie, 2013). Many countries agree that in order to eliminate double taxation, a base of clear and predictable international tax rules must be applied in order to give certainty to both governments and businesses (OECD, 2013e: 7). Hence the question of taxing rights is created. The possibility of creating a permanent establishment in a jurisdiction by a company or its employees or an agent arises as well as the taxing rights of the tax authorities. This research report will examine the concept of a permanent establishment and its application in commercial business activities, the building and construction industry and in the activities of an agent.