Bakgrund: Företag söker ständigt nya sätt att designa effektivare flödeskedjor och för att säkerställa lönsamhet eftersträvas en minskning av kostnader inom produktion, transport och lager. Då lagerrelaterade kostnader står för en stor del av företags totala logistikkostnader har det kommit att stå i fokus för kostnadsminskande aktiviteter. Att minska kostnaderna relaterade till lager och samtidigt erhålla en önskad servicegrad benämns lagerstyrning. Ett sätt att uppnå bättre lagerstyrning är att lokalisera slöseri som kan finnas inom dagens styrning. Detta kan göras genom att upprätta en processkartläggning för att därigenom lokalisera och minimera eller eliminera det slöseri som identifieras genom olika förbättringsåtgärder. Syfte: Syftet med denna avhandling är att beskriva Gotlandsäggs nuvarande lagerstyrning av äggförpackningar och vilka kostnader det leder till för företaget. Därefter kommer eventuella slöserier i den nuvarande lagerstyrningen av äggförpackningar att identifieras för att sedan lägga fram förslag för hur lagerstyrningen kan förbättras med målet att minska kostnaderna för företaget samtidigt som önskad servicenivå uppnås. Metod: Studien är en kvalitativ fallstudie på företaget Gotlandsägg ABs förpackningsanläggning i Ruda. Denna har antagit en deduktiv forskningsansats med ett positivistiskt synsätt. Datainsamling har gjorts av både primärdata i form av strukturerade, semistrukturerade och ostrukturerade intervjuer med personal på Gotlandsägg samt sekundärdata som samlats in från Gotlandsäggs system, Linnéuniversitetets databas och tillgänglig litteratur. Slutsats: Studien har beskrivit Gotlandsäggs nuvarande påfyllningsprocess av äggförpackningar genom att upprätta en processkartläggning och fastställt den definierbara årliga kostnaden för lagerstyrningen. Den nuvarande styrningen innebär att förpackningar lagerhålls länge och därmed binder kapital vilket ökar lagerföringskostnaderna. Genom kartläggningen identifierades slöseri i form av en aktivitet som inte var värdeskapande, nyttjandet av ett manuellt lagersaldo, samt slöseri i form av väntan på digitalt lagersaldo och väntan på manuella beräkningar inför beordring. Gotlandsäggs onödiga lagerhållning fastställdes även som ett slöseri och orsakerna till de olika slöserierna identifierades och presenterades i olika Ishikawadiagram. Förbättringsförslagen som studien resulterade i innebar att avskaffa det manuella lagersaldot och att möjliggöra direkt tillgång av det digitala lagersaldot på förpackningsanläggningen i Ruda. Genom att investera i ett system kopplat till det digitala lagersaldot där beräkningarna inför beordring görs automatiskt skulle slöseriet i form av väntan minska. En excelmodell togs även fram som en förbättringsåtgärd till dess att en investering i ett automatiskt system kan göras. För påfyllningar rekommenderades Gotlandsägg att fortsätta beordra fulla transporter men med lägre kvantiteter för varje enskild artikel. En ABC-klassificering genomfördes därför för att underlätta styrningen genom att fokusera på de artiklar som binder mest kapital. Vidare rekommenderades tillämpningen av en högre lagerränta för att undvika onödig lagerhållning i framtiden. / Background: Companies are constantly seeking new ways to design more efficient supply chains and, to ensure profitability, seeks to reduce the costs of production, transportation and inventory. Because inventory related costs account for a large part of the company's total logistics costs, it has come to be the focus of many cost reduction activities. To reduce costs related to inventory while obtaining a desired service level is referred to as inventory control. One way to achieve better inventory control is to locate waste that may exist in the current control. This can be done by establishing a process mapping in order to identify and minimize or eliminate the waste that was identified by giving suggestions of improvement. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe Gotlandsägg’s current inventory control of packages for eggs and what costs it results in. Possible waste is then identified in the current inventory control of packages to further on present suggestions on how the inventory control can improve with the goal of reducing costs while still achieve a desired service level. Method: The following essay is a qualitative case study, performed on the company Gotlandsägg AB's packaging plant in Ruda. The study has adopted a deductive standpoint with a positivistic approach. The collection of data contains both primary data, which have been collected through unstructured, structured and semi-structured interviews with staff of Gotlandägg, and secondary data that have been collected from Gotlandsäggs intern systems, Linnaeus University's database and other available literature. v Conclusion: The study has described Gotlandsäggs current replenishment process of their packages for eggs by establishing a process mapping and determined the definable annual cost of inventory management. The current inventory control leads to that the packages are stored for a long time and therefore results in large amounts of tied up capital which increases inventory carrying costs. The process mapping further defined waste in a form of activity that did not create any value to the process, the use of manual inventory levels, as well as waste in the form of waiting for the digital inventory balance and manual calculations to be made before ordering could be performed. Gotlandsägg’s excessive inventory was also identified as a type of waste and the reasons for the types of waste was presented in different Ishikawa-diagrams. The suggestions for improvements concluded to eliminate the manual inventory levels and to allow direct access of the digital inventory levels at the packaging plant in Ruda. By investing in a system that is linked to the inventory levels, where calculations for ordering are made automatically, the waste of waiting could be minimized. An excel model was developed as an improvement until investments in an automated system can be made. For the refills of items, its recommended to control the packaging types in different ways but that all articles should be ordered in minimum order quantity as far as possible. As regarding transport, Gotlandsägg should continue to order full transports but with lower quantities of each article. An ABC-classification was therefore carried out to facilitate the control and to focus on the articles responsible for the most tied up capital. It was also recommended to adopt a higher inventory rate to avoid excessive inventory in the future.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 17-20, 1994 / Town & Country Hotel and Conference Center, San Diego, California / The rapid technology growth in the aerospace industry continues to manifest itself in increasingly complex computer systems and weapons systems platforms. To meet the data processing challenges associated with these new weapons systems, the Air Force Flight Test Center (AFFTC) is developing the next generation of data acquisition and processing systems under the Advanced Data Acquisition and Processing Systems (ADAPS) Program. The ADAPS program has evolved into an approach that utilizes Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) components as the foundation for Air Force enhancements to meet specific customer requirements. The ADAPS program has transitioned from concept exploration to engineering and manufacturing development (EMD). This includes the completion of a detailed requirements analysis and a overall system design. This paper will discuss the current status of the ADAPS program including the requirements analysis process, details of the system design, and the result of current COTS acquisitions.

Sustainable Built Environments Senior Capstone Project / Apartment communities in the arid southwest in Tucson and Tempe, Arizona and Sand Diego, California within three miles of U of A, ASU, and SDSU with over 500 residents were evaluated based on the sustainability features they provided. An ANOVA test of significance was used to determine a correlation between the number of sustainability features provided and the occupancy rate of the community.

Around the world, knowledge and technology transfer have moved to the forefront of attention in economic, social and industrial policy. As the origins of future development increasingly derives from innovation, attention is paid more and more to non-traditional sources that have the potential to become the basis for creation of new businesses or the catalyser for the rejuvenation of old ones. Among those sources, we find university. These last years, academic patents have been one of the emerging phenomena witnessing the growing evolvement of university in the innovation process. The aim of this doctoral dissertation is to analyse the transfer of technology from university to industry through the analysis of patents. This work pursuits a threefold approach. First, it intends to analyse which characteristics determine the propensity of a university to get involved in technology transfer and more specifically to apply for a patent. Second, it disentangles the underlining value determinants of the patents to decode the value of academic patents and to identify the research processes that are leading to the most valuable inventions. Finally, it investigates the relevancy of academic patenting for innovation in general and wonders if on the long run, such practices could put innovation at risk.

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A spherometer is often used to precisely measure the radius of curvature of a spherical surface. It can also measure the vertex radius of a more complex surface such as an off-axis parabola (OAP). This paper provides a reliable algorithm to find the vertex radius of an OAP by solving a few equations based on the test geometry. This algorithm can also be easily expanded to any conic surface with high-order aspheric coefficients. The algorithm was verified by measuring an 8-inch diameter OAP and comparing the results with its known prescription. Results show good agreement. An example of measuring the vertex radius of a 4-m diameter OAP is also presented. In addition to this, a calculation was done to show that the coma and astigmatism are independent of the clocking of the spherometer on the optic. (C) 2016 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)

A low cost Cook-Off experimental facility has been established to provide a convenient method of ranking explosives in their response to Cook-Off by the time to event under two widely different heating rates and at two different scales. This thesis describes the literature review undertaken as preparation for the purposed study and all the experimental work developed comprising the design of the trials vehicles, the demonstration of their suitability for Fast and Slow Cook-Off trials with confined explosive systems, the preparation of the samples and test vehicles to be trialled as well as the set-up of adequate facilities to undertake the scheduled firing programme. Results are reported for Cook-Off tests on TNT, RDX, and their mixtures. The emphasis of the study is on time to event, and temperature at event, and in addition a qualitative assessment of the violence of the event was made by examination of the fragments of the vehicles, although it is accepted that the relatively light and low cost design of the vehicle may lead to variable confinement in the early stages of the explosive event, and hence to a wider spread of responses than would be obtained from a more heavily confined and more costly vehicle. The test vehicles give results, which differentiate between the various explosives and explosive mixtures trialled and between the scales. More experiments are required to establish the reproducibility of the measurements. The design of the equipment makes this a relatively inexpensive undertaking. The experiment was modelled using published kinetic data, but the calculated time to event differed from that observed to different extents at the two scales. It is hypothesised that the mechanism may change over the prolonged heat soaks and that quantitative scaling is not possible with the available information. Further work is also suggested using a different type of Cook-Off test vehicle, which will in our opinion reduce even further the cost of Cook-Off testing, due to reduction in man-hours of preparation involved and manufacture cost of the Cook-Off test vehicles, and consequently of ranking of explosives.