Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Leipzig. / Lebenslauf.

Memoria para optar el título de Bioquímico / Las plantas poseen una gran cantidad de compuestos antioxidantes, tales como polifenoles, los cuales han sido aprovechados ampliamente en la medicina popular a través del consumo de estas plantas medicinales para tratar diversas dolencias y enfermedades. Hoy en día, muchas enfermedades se han asociado a estrés oxidativo, frente a lo cual la búsqueda y el desarrollo de nuevas terapias antioxidantes han aumentado considerablemente. Enfermedades neurodegenerativas, tales como Parkinson y Alzheimer, se han asociado a estrés oxidativo, probablemente por altas concentraciones neuronales de cobre y hierro. Así también desordenes psiquiátricos, como depresión y ansiedad, se han asociado a niveles elevados de productos de peroxidación lipídica. De aquí surge nuestro interés en la evaluación de la capacidad antioxidante de Melissa officinalis y Rosmarinus officinalis, así como el efecto ansiolítico de la administración de preparados herbales de estas plantas en modelo murino. Se indujo lipoperoxidación de microsomas hepáticos de rata a través del sistema oxidante Cu2+/ascorbato. Ambos extractos previnieron lipoperoxidación, así como fueron capaces de prevenir la disminución de los tioles proteicos inducida por Cu2+, tanto en presencia como en ausencia de ascorbato. Esto indica que los principios activos presentes en estos extractos podrían ejercer su acción antioxidante de, al menos, dos mecanismos: atrapamiento de radicales libres del oxígeno, y quelación de iones metálicos que generan ROS a través de las reacciones de Haber-Weiss y/o Fenton. Más aún, ambos extractos fueron capaces de inhibir la actividad N-desmetilante de aminopirina del sistema citocromo P450, el cual metaboliza sustratos lipofílicos. Experimentos conductuales en ratas mostraron que extractos secos estandarizados de ambas plantas produjeron un efecto significativo sobre la actividad motora y exploratoria, lo que indica actividad ansiolítica. Estos resultados preliminares permiten dar paso al desarrollo de nuevos fitofármacos seguros y eficaces para el tratamiento de enfermedades psiquiátricas / Plants have a great amount of antioxidant compounds, such as polyphenols, which have been widely utilized in folk medicine. These medicinal plants have been used to treat various ailments and diseases. Nowadays, many diseases have been associated with oxidative stress, consequently the search and development of new antioxidant therapies have increased considerably. Neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson and Alzheimer’s diseases have been associated with oxidative stress, probably for high neuronal concentrations of copper and iron. Likewise, psychiatric disorders, including depression and anxiety, have been associated with elevated levels of lipid peroxidation products. Hence, our interest in the evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of Melissa officinalis and Rosmarinus officinalis and the anxiolytic effect of the administration of these herbal extracts in murine model. Induced lipid peroxidation of microsomes of rat liver was performed by oxidant Cu2+/ascorbate system. Both extracts prevented lipid peroxidation and were able to prevent depletion of the protein thiols induced by Cu2+ in both the presence and absence of ascorbate. This indicates that the active ingredients present in these extracts may exert its antioxidant action at least by two mechanisms: trapping of oxygen free radicals and chelating metal ions that generate ROS through the Haber-Weiss reactions and/or Fenton. Moreover, both extracts were able to inhibit the N-demethylating activity of aminopyrine by cytochrome P450, which metabolizes lipophilic substrates. Behavioral experiments on rats showed that dried extracts of both plants produced a significant effect on motor and exploratory activity, indicating anxiolytic activity. These preliminary results allow making way for the development of new safe and effective herbal medicines to treat psychiatric diseases

Le travail de la thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre de la valorisation enzymatique des produits et des co-produits de la pêche et ce dans l’optique de produire des fonctions et des produits de haute valeur ajoutée. Dans un premier temps, on s’est intéressé à la purification et la caractérisation biochimiques des protéases digestives (trypsine, chymotrypsine et cathepsine D) à partir de l’hépatopancréas de la seiche commune (S. officinalis). Ensuite, nous avons utilisé ces protéases digestives ainsi que d’autres protéases d’origine microbienne dans l’élaboration des hydrolysats protéiques enrichis en peptides bioactifs. 23 nouveaux peptides antihypertensifs ont été identifiés. Également, l’effet antihypertenseur in vivo de certains peptides a été prouvé. Dans un autre volet, on s’est intéressé à l’étude de l’influence de degré d’hydrolyse et le type d’enzyme sur les propriétés fonctionnelles et biologiques dans les hydrolysats protéiques préparés à partir des co-produits (peau et viscères) et le muscle de la seiche commune. Enfin, un procédé enzymatique destiné à l’extraction de la gélatine à partir de la peau de la seiche commune a été développé. L’étude comparative de certaines propriétés fonctionnelles et texturales de la gélatine extraite avec celle d’origine bovine commerciale a été aussi réalisée. / The aim of this project was to improve the biotechnological exploitation of marine ressources to obtain value added products for food and nutraceutical applications. First, several digestives proteases (trypsin, chymotrypsin and cathepsin D) from the hepatopancreas of the cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) were purified and characterized. In the second part, these digestive proteases and other microbial proteases were used to generate protein hydrolysates enriched in bioactive peptides. 23 novel ACE inhibitory peptides were isolated and identified. In addition, the antihypertensive effect in vivo of some peptides was confirmed. The influence of the degree of hydrolysis and enzyme type on functional and bioactive properties of protein hydrolysates from cuttlefish by-products (skin and viscera) and muscle of the same species was studied. Finally, gelatin from the skin of cuttlefish was extracted using protease-aided process. The characteristics, functional and textural properties of this protein were investigated and compared to those ofcommercial bovine gelatin.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T22:56:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo3991_1.pdf: 493152 bytes, checksum: 5d39ee84844d6c047797977dda4369f8 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana do extrato alcoólico de Rosmarinus officinallis Linn. (Alecrim) sobre bactérias da cavidade oral, causadoras de patologias desta região. Para o estudo, utilizaram-se cepas padrão de Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), Lactobacillus casei (ATCC 7469) e Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 9811), tendo como controle positivo a clorhexidina 0,12%. Folhas de alecrim foram tratadas com etanol, obtendo-se um extrato, e esse, rotaevaporado até a secura e diluído até 1:8 para a realização do Teste de Difusão em Ágar. Neste teste, placas de Petri foram semeadas com as bactérias e discos de papel embebidos com o extrato e suas diluições colocados sobre as placas. Em seguida, tais placas foram incubadas de acordo com as exigências de crescimento das bactérias, sendo os halos de inibição analisados. Observaram-se halos para S. mutans e S. aureus similares ao controle positivo clorhexidina, enquanto a CIM foi 30μg/ml para S. aureus e 50μg/ml para S. mutans e L. casei, resultados esses melhores do que os da literatura para o extrato de Rosmarinus officinalis Linn. Assim, o extrato alcoólico de alecrim apresenta atividade antimicrobiana sobre bactérias da cavidade bucal e pode ser empregado como apoio à prevenção e terapia das doenças cárie e periodontal

Memoria para optar al título de Químico Farmacéutico / Los polifenoles herbales están representados por un grupo de compuestos que incluyen moléculas lipofílicas y polares. Plantas medicinales utilizadas para mitigar patologías psicotrópicas deben contener principios activos lipofílicos que sean capaces de atravesar la barrera hemato-encefálica. Diversos estudios demuestran la asociación de la enfermedad de Alzheimer´s y la de Parkinson´s a estrés oxidativo, fenómeno que parece estar relacionado con concentraciones elevadas de hierro y cobre que se han descrito en neuronas de estos pacientes. De aquí nuestro interés en evaluar la capacidad antioxidante de extractos secos estandarizados de hojas de Melissa officinalis (melisa) y Rosmarinus officinalis (romero), plantas utilizadas para mitigar efectos psicotrópicos como ansiedad y depresión. Para ello, se utilizó como sistema biológico una preparación enriquecida en retículo endoplásmico hepático de rata (microsomas) y como sistema oxidante, Cu2+/ascorbato. Ambos extractos previnieron la lipoperoxidación microsómica inducida por Cu2+/ascorbato. Además, ellos fueron capaces de prevenir la disminución de los tioles proteicos inducida por Cu2+ ya sea en presencia como en ausencia de ascorbato. Esto indica que los principios activos presentes en estos extractos podrían ejercer su acción antioxidante al menos a través de dos mecanismos: a) atrapamiento de radicales libres del oxígeno y b) quelación de iones metálicos que generan ROS a través de las reacciones de Haber-Weiss y/o Fenton. Más aún, ambos extractos fueron capaces de inhibir la actividad N-desmetilante de aminopirina del sistema CYP450, el cual metaboliza sustratos lipofílicos. Cabe resaltar que los efectos de romero fueron significativamente superiores a los de melisa. Estos resultados aunque preliminares, son promisorios y nuevos experimentos están en curso conducentes a evaluar en modelos animales la eficacia y seguridad de estos extractos / Herbal polyphenols are represented by a group of compound that includes lipophilic and polar compounds. Medicinal plants used to mitigate psychotropic pathologies must contain active lipophilic principles capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier. Studies have shown the association of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases to oxidative stress, phenomenon that seem to be related with elevated concentrations of iron and copper In the neurons of these patients. Hence our interest in evaluating the antioxidant capacity of standardized dry extracts of Melissa officinalis (lemon balm) and Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) leaves, plants used to mitigate psychotropic effects such as anxiety and depression. An enriched preparation of rat liver endoplasmic reticulum (microsomes) was used as a biological system in and Cu2+/ascorbate, as oxidant system. Both extracts prevented microsomal lipid peroxidation induced by Cu2+/ascorbate. Furthermore, they were able to prevent the decrease of protein thiols induced by Cu2+ either in the presence or absence of ascorbate. This indicates that the principles antioxidants in rosemary and lemon balm extract may exert its cellular antioxidant activity through at least two mechanisms: a) trapping of oxygen free radicals and b) chelation of metals ions, which generate ROS through Haber-Weiss and/or Fenton reactions. Moreover, both extracts were able to inhibit the aminopyrine N-demethylating activity of CYP450 system, which metabolizes lipophilic compounds. It necessary to point out that the effects of rosemary were significantly higher than balm. These results, though preliminary, are promising and further experiments are underway leading in animal models to evaluate the efficacy and safety of these extracts

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2004. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-91). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

No description available.

Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Homoeopathy, Durban Institute of Technology, 2002. / The aim of this in vitro microbial study was to evaluate the efficacy of Calendula officinalis tincture 60% (v/v) ethanol as an antibacterial on in vitro Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The standardised disc - diffusion method was employed. Seven pairs of Mueller - Hinton agar plates were used. / M

M.Dip.Tech. / Please refer to full text to view abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T23:01:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo8544_1.pdf: 706882 bytes, checksum: 7f552d13edf81608cb94ae198a8dccde (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Neste estudo foi investigada a capacidade antimicrobiana in vitro do extrato hidroalcoólico de alecrim (Rosmarinus officinalis Linn.) sobre bactérias orais planctônicas. Foram utilizados o extrato puro, suas diluições de 1/2 à 1/512, clorexidina e cepas padrão de Streptococcus mitis ATCC 98811, Streptococcus sanguinis ATCC 10556, Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, Streptococcus sobrinus ATCC 27609 e Lactobacillus casei ATCC 7469. Inicialmente, foi determinada a CIM do extrato de alecrim pelo método de difusão em meio sólido sobre as cepas supracitadas. Em seguida, foi determinada a CIMA do extrato sobre as cepas padrão de Streptococcus mitis ATCC 98811, Streptococcus sanguinis ATCC 10556, Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, Streptococcus sobrinus ATCC 27609, na presença de sacarose a 5%. Todos os ensaios foram realizados em duplicata e a clorexidina foi utilizada como solução controle. A CIM variou de 66,5 mg/mL a 266 mg/mL e a CIMA de 16 mg/mL a 33,2 mg/mL. Foi observado que o extrato hidroalcoólico puro de alecrim e diluído até 1/16 apresentou ação antimicrobiana sobre as cepas padrão ensaiadas, exceto sobre Streptococcus mitis ATCC 98811. Não foi observado efeito inibitório de aderência sobre Streptococcus sanguinis ATCC 10556. Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 e Lactobacillus casei ATCC 7469 foram as cepas mais sensíveis à ação antimicrobiana in vitro do extrato de alecrim