Thesis (M.S.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 1985. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-60).

Thesis (M.S.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 1986. / Six plates are illustrations of press runs. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 43).

Thesis (M.S.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 1988. / Typescript.

Thesis (M.S.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 1995. / Typescript. Bibliography: leaves 27-29.

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Purpose –This thesis purpose is to enhance the understanding of how cultural challenges effect offset management within the defence industry. Method -  The thesis is conducted as a qualitative case study and has been carry out on a Swedish defence company and their international businesses. Un-structured and semi-structured interviews has been conducted within the company and its partners. A referral sampling has been used to identify partners and informants relevant to the business. The data has been analysed through a three-step coding method. Results – The thesis show that in the initial phase, the biggest challenge is to create an understanding of the potential customer country’s culture and to create the initial relationships. In the implementation phase the challenge is to maintain these relationships as well as to have flexibility vis-à-vis the customer and partners. In the closuring phase the biggest challenge is to continuously to develop the partners. The most important aspect to consider during the offset business is the adaptation to the receiving country’s culture. Doing this whilst considering the factors that distinguish it from the origin’s culture the most. Theoretical implications – The thesis mainly contributes to increasing the understanding and supplementing the literature regarding Offset Management. The central culture-related challenges in offset management are highlighted and are important for future studies in this field. The thesis uses both the cultural dimensions and the Lewis Model to describe the challenges, which is of importance in studies of countries with similar cultures. Practical implications – The thesis shows the most important challenges in offset management through three different phases. In particular the contribution regarding the cultural aspects are important, as the challenges become clearer the more the origin culture differ in relation to the receiving culture. / Syfte – Denna uppsats syftar till att öka förståelsen kring hur kulturella utmaningar påverkar offsetåtagande inom försvarsindustrin. Metod – Studien är genomförd som en kvalitativ fallstudie utförd på ett svenskt företag inom försvarsindustrin och deras internationella affärer. Ostrukturerade och semi-strukturerade intervjuer har genomförts inom företaget och dess partners. Ett snöbollsurval har tillämpats för att identifiera parter och informanter relevanta för affären. I analysen för datainsamling har en tre-stegs kodning tillämpats. Resultat - Studien visar att i den initiala fasen är den största utmaningen att skapa en förståelse för kulturen i det potentiella kundlandet och att skapa relationer. I genomförandefasen är utmaningen att bibehålla dessa relationer samt att ha en flexibilitet gentemot kunden och partners. I den avslutade fasenär den största utmaningen att få en fortsatt utveckling av partners. De viktigaste aspekterna att ta hänsyn till är att anpassning gentemot kundlandet beroende på vilka faktorer som särskiljer landet mot Sverige kulturellt. Teoretiska implikationer - Studien bidrar främst med att öka förståelsen och komplettera litteratur inom Offset management. De centrala kulturrelaterade utmaningarna som finns inom offsetåtagande belyses och är av vikt för framtida studier inom området. Studien använder både de kulturella dimensionerna och Lewismodellen för att beskriva utmaningarna vilket är av vikt vid studier av länder som har angränsade kulturer. Praktiska implikationer - Studien visar på utmaningar inom offsetåtagande i tre olika faser. Framförallt är de kulturella aspekternas bidrag av vikt, då utmaningarna blir tydligare ju mer den egna kulturen skiljer sig i relation till motpartens.

Synchronization is a challenging but very important task in communications. In digital communication systems, a hierarchy of synchronization problems has to be considered: carrier synchronization, symbol timing synchronization and frame synchronization. For bandwidth efficiency and burst transmission reasons, the former two synchronization steps tend to favor non-data aided (NDA or blind) techniques, while in general, the last one is usually solved by inserting repetitively known bits or words into the data sequence, and is referred to as a data-aided (DA) approach. Over the last two decades, extensive research work has been carried out to design nondata-aided timing recovery and carrier synchronization algorithms. Despite their importance and spread use, most of the existing blind synchronization algorithms are derived in an ad-hoc manner without exploiting optimally the entire available statistical information. In most cases their performance is evaluated by computer simulations, rigorous and complete performance analysis has not been performed yet. It turns out that a theoretical oriented approach is indispensable for studying the limit or bound of algorithms and comparing different methods. The main goal of this dissertation is to develop several novel signal processing frameworks that enable to analyze and improve the performance of the existing timing recovery and carrier synchronization algorithms. As byproducts of this analysis, unified methods for designing new computationally and statistically efficient (i.e., minimum variance estimators) blind feedforward synchronizers are developed. Our work consists of three tightly coupled research directions. First, a general and unified framework is proposed to develop optimal nonlinear least-squares (NLS) carrier recovery scheme for burst transmissions. A family of blind constellation-dependent optimal "matched" NLS carrier estimators is proposed for synchronization of burst transmissions fully modulated by PSK and QAM-constellations in additive white Gaussian noise channels. Second, a cyclostationary statistics based framework is proposed for designing computationally and statistically efficient robust blind symbol timing recovery for time-selective flat-fading channels. Lastly, dealing with the problem of frame synchronization, a simple and efficient data-aided approach is proposed for jointly estimating the frame boundary, the frequency-selective channel and the carrier frequency offset.

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The public procurement of defence materiel was previously regulated in Directive 2004/18/EC but due to the special character of the defence market, a new Directive has been issued; Directive 2009/81/EC. The purpose of this Directive is to be better suited for the special features of the defence market. Directive 2009/81/EC will now regulate most of the contracts that, due to their sensitive and secret character, were earlier exempted from the rules of the Treaties on the basis of Article 346 TFEU and from Directive 2004/18/EC on the basis of its Article 14. It is, however, still possible to exempt some contracts on the basis of these Articles. Directive 2009/81/EC regulates the procedure for contract awarding and affects the possibilities of the Member State to choose a tender with Offset agreement over one without and thereforethe Directive affects the offering company as well.Earlier a company has been free to shape its contracts concerning public procurement of defence material with little regard to the regulations of the Internal Market. With the implementation of the new directive, the situation has become uncertain. In particular the state of law concerningOffset agreements, commonly offered as a part of a tender in contracts concerning defenceprocurement, has become uncertain. This as Offset is not explicitly mentioned in Directive2009/81/EC but several bodies of the European Union have expressed opinions regarding the legality of Offset and whether or not it is a discriminating measure.We have found that Offset agreements, both related and un-related to the subject matter of the contract, can be exempted on the basis of Article 346 TFEU if they support essential security interest. However, that the procurement concerns the defence sector is not enough for contracts to be exempted if these contracts only support other interests, e.g. industrial or economical, rather than those of essential security. This as the exemption of these contracts would have adistorting effect on the trade on other markets than the one related to defence procurement.Even though Offset is not mentioned as a criterion for awarding of contracts in Article 47.1(a) Directive 2009/81/EC, this does not exclude the possibility that it could be. If Offset is to be used as an award criterion, it cannot be of significant weight when determining the economically most advantageous tender and can in no case be discriminating. Also, a differencebetween direct and indirect Offset must be made since indirect Offset agreements do not fulfill the requirements, in 47.1(a) Directive 2009/81/EC, in order to be considered asan award criterion. It is therefore only possible to use direct Offset agreements as an award criterion according to Directive 2009/81/EC if this is done in a non-discriminating way.

In this thesis, a joint symbol timing and carrier frequency offset estimator is proposed for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The estimator exploits both redundancy in the cyclic prefix and pilot symbols for channel estimation. The proposed scheme includes a transparent sequence that is added to the OFDM symbol in frequency domain. Comparing with conventional methods, the proposed architecture has the advantage of better bandwidth usage since it does not require extra sub-carriers. The PAPR problem can be suppressed due to constant envelope property of the added sequence in time domain. Moreover, the optimal power allocation ratio of the transparent sequence is determined by minimizing the bit error rate of the system using simulation experiments.