Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / A presente dissertação tem como objeto de estudo a Gráfica Imprinta, criada a partir de um projeto cuidadosamente elaborado por seus mentores Aloísio Magalhães e Arnaud Torres, com o objetivo de atender, principalmente, aos designers gráficos do Rio de Janeiro. Enfocando o período de 1969 a 1989, que compreende a trajetória da Empresa desde sua concepção até a mudança de administração, o trabalho se insere na história da evolução da Indústria Gráfica no Rio de Janeiro. Aborda o período que se inicia com a formação dos alunos da Escola Superior de Desenho Industrial, ESDI UERJ, em 1963, até a década de 1980, com a consolidação da tecnologia offset, como principal forma de impressão em nosso país. Partiu-se da premissa de que a conjuntura tecnológica pode influenciar no processo de desenvolvimento de um impresso e, também, de que os designers podem interceder no processo evolutivo de uma gráfica. Numa primeira fase foi feita uma pesquisa exploratória na qual entramos em contato com ex-alunos formados pela ESDI, durante a primeira década de seu funcionamento, que apontaram a Gráfica Imprinta como referência de serviços diferenciados. Passando esta, a ser o foco da pesquisa, abordamos seu idealizador, Arnaud Torres, bem como, mais sete designers e dois antigos funcionários. Os profissionais que participaram da pesquisa, nos forneceram dados por meio de entrevistas não estruturadas, que ocorreram entre junho e agosto de 2007, foram gravadas e posteriormente transcritas e analisadas. Elaboramos um acervo iconográfico que se refere, tanto à história da Imprinta como também, documenta parte da produção de alguns designers e a indústria gráfica da época. Consideramos que a história da Gráfica Imprinta demonstra que, naquele momento de transição da tecnologia, a disponibilidade nela encontrada pelos designers para sua experimentação no campo da produção e a troca de conhecimento que ali se verificou, produziram crescimento em termos técnicos e teóricos para todos os envolvidos, bem como, incremento na qualidade dos impressos ali executados e otimização de projetos gráficos futuros / This dissertation has a printshop named Imprinta as the studys object. Imprinta was created from a carefully elaborated project, whose authors are Aloisio Magalhaes and Arnaud Torres, and that had the goal of offering services, mainly, to Rio de Janeiros graphical designers. Focusing on the period from 1969 to 1989 which encompasses the story of the company since its inception to the moment a new administration took over, this work describes part of the history of the printing industry in Rio de Janeiro. It addresses the period that starts in 1963 with the formation of new students of the Superior School of Industrial Design (Escola Superior de Desenho Industrial, ESDI) that belongs to the State University of Rio de Janeiro (Universidade Estatual do Rio de Janeiro, UERJ) and ends in the 1980s with the consolidation of Offset as the main printing technology in Brazil. We started by assuming that the technological environment can influence the process of development of printed matter and also that designers can impact a print shops evolutionary process. In the first phase of this work, an investigative research where we contacted former ESDI students that graduated during ESDIs first decade of existence, pointed us to Imprinta as a reference for differentiated printing services. With Imprinta as the focus of our research, we contacted Arnaud Torres, its mentor, seven additional designers and also two former employees of the company. From June to August of 2007, the research participants, by means of nonstructured interviews, provided information that were recorder and then transcribed and analyzed. We were able to build a collection of iconographic items that relates to both the history of Imprinta and also documents part of the production of some designers and the printing industry at the time. We believe that Imprintas story shows that, at that moment of technology transition, the availability Imprinta provided to designers for their experimentation in the field of production and exchange of knowledge, has generated technical and theoretical growth for all involved, an increase the quality of the printing services run at Imprinta and the optimization of future printing projects

A Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV) é uma ferramenta da gestão ambiental que identifica os aspectos ambientais e avalia os impactos ambientais associados aos produtos, durante todo o seu ciclo de vida, em outras palavras, do berço ao túmulo. O ciclo de vida inicia-se quando todos os recursos requeridos (sejam eles materiais ou energéticos) para a manufatura de determinado produto são extraídos da natureza e finaliza-se após o cumprimento da função pelo produto, retornando ao meio ambiente. Devido à quantidade de dados que necessita ser coletada, um estudo de Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida somente torna-se viável caso exista a disponibilidade de um banco de dados nacional constituído por inventários do ciclo de vida dos principais insumos empregados pela sociedade - matérias primas, energia, etc. Estes inventários possuem caráter de regionalidade e representatividade, podendo tornar novos estudos mais completos, confiáveis e fáceis de serem concluídos. A ACV vem assumindo uma importância a nível global, o Brasil vem se aprimorando na capacitação e uso desta técnica. O GP2 - Grupo de Prevenção da Poluição do Departamento de Engenharia Química da Escola Politécnica da USP, tem como seu principal objetivo a contribuição para o aprimoramento de recursos humanos necessários e consolidação do uso da ACV no Brasil. Desse modo, as atividades do GP2 têm se concentrado na construção de um banco de dados que deve ser adequado, obrigatoriamente, às condições regionais. O presente estudo está inserido nessa linha de pesquisa e tem como propósito a elaboração do Inventário do Ciclo de Vida (ICV) para o papel offset produzido no Brasil. O papel offset pertence a categoria de papéis de imprimir e, atualmente, representa o tipo de papel mais produzido no país. O resultado deste estudo consiste em um inventário consolidado dos aspectos ambientais considerados significativos para a produção da madeira, a extração da celulose, a fabricação do papel offset e outros subsistemas associados, sob as condições tecnológicas típicas dominantes no Brasil. A qualidade do estudo está intrinsecamente ligada à cadeia produtiva do papel offset, que se baseou primordialmente em dados primários. Os resultados do estudo mostraram-se coerentes com um estudo parcial realizado no Chile. Uma análise mais apurada para os resultados encontrados no estudo, com base em pesquisas internacionais, não se fez necessária, considerando as diferenças tecnológicas e de matérias-primas empregadas no ciclo de vida do papel de outros países. / The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a tool for the environmental management which identifies its aspects and evaluates its environmental impacts related to the products during its whole life cycle. In other words, a cycle that goes from cradle to grave. The life cycle begins when all the required resources (material or energetic) to manufacture a certain product are extracted from the nature and it ends after accomplishing its function, returning to the environment. Due to the amount of data to be collected, a study of the life cycle assessment is only viable in case there is a national data base available formed by inventories of the main input used by the society, such as raw material, energy, and so on. These inventories have a regional and representative character, allowing new studies to be fuller, more reliable and easier to be concluded. The LCA has taken on a world wise importance. Brazil has been improving its competence and usage of such technique. The GP2 - Preventing Pollution Group from the Chemical Engineering Department of Escola Politécnica at USP - has as its primal objective the contribution to an improvement of necessary Human Resources and the consolidation of the LCA usage. In this manner, GP2 activities have to be focused on a data base construction, which should be compulsorily adequate to the regional conditions. The present study is inserted in such line of research and has as its purpose the elaboration on a Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) for the offset paper made in Brazil. The offset paper belongs to the printing paper category and, lately, represents the most used type of paper in this country. The result of such study consists in a solid inventory of the environmental aspects considered meaningful for wood production, cellulose extraction, offset paper manufacture and other related subsystems under typical predominant technological conditions in Brazil. The quality of this study is significantly related to the production chain of the offset paper, which was based mainly on primary data. The results of this study showed to be coherent to the ones achieved in a Chilean study, even though they were partial results. A more refined analysis on the pursued results in the study, based on international researches, isn't necessary, considering the technological differences and raw material used in the paper life cycle in other countries.

This Diploma Thesis is aimed at exploring the potential of offset crankshaft mechanism for four cylinder inline petrol engine in terms of reducing the frictional losses of the piston group. Thesis deals with the influence of eccentricity on kinematics, dynamics and balance of the crank train. Furthermore, specific crankshaft balancing is elaborated and applied on 3D CAD model of the crankshaft. Calculation of fatigue safety factor using the advanced LSA method that takes into consideration the effect of forced torsional vibration and utilizes outputs from the FEA software (ANSYS APDL) is performed as well. Thesis also includes design of two options of rubber torsion damper mounted on the engine belt pulley and the follow-up choosing of the more advisable one.

This dissertation explores the application of Silvester's space-time block code to the multi-index CPM called "ARTM CPM" in the IRIG 106 standard to solve the "two antenna problem"---the use of two transmit antennas to provide full spatial coverage on an airborne test article and the accompanying self interference due to different delays between the two transmit antennas and the ground-based receive antenna. A symbol-level encoding scheme is derived that allows the burst-based space-time block code to operate in a continuously streaming mode. The results show that the space-time block code can solve the two antenna problem with differential delays, but that the differential delays generate a substantial increase in the computational complexity of the detector. Complexity-reducing techniques are applied and analyzed. The results show that the complexity reductions required to produce a practically realizable detector render the bit error probability performance sensitive to the differential delay. Numerical results are presented to quantify the performance loss due to the differential delay. The use of space-time coded ARTM CPM to solve the two-antenna problem in aeronautical mobile telemetry requires estimates of the parameters that define the propagation environment. The maximum likelihood estimator problem is defined and used to motivate reduced-complexity estimators suitable for use in a real system. A modified gradient descent algorithm performs the search required to find the delay parameters. An "inner" phase lock loop operating with an "outer" frequency lock loop computes decision-directed estimates of the frequency offset. Computer simulations were used to assess the impact on bit error rate performance introduced by the estimators. The simulation results show the combined joint estimator for the delays, channel gains, and frequency offset imposes a 1.15 dB loss in performance. This loss is approximately the same as the 1.1 dB loss due to the complexity-reducing techniques used by the decoder/detector.

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Over the last ten years, there has been an incremental growth of mobile network data traffic. The evolution leading to the development of 5G stands as a testament to the increased demands for high speed networks. Channel coding plays a pivotal role in 5G networks, making it possible to recover messages from errors introduced when sent through the network. Channel decoding is however a time consuming task for a receiver, and making optimization to this process could therefore have a significant impact on receiver processing time. Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes are one of the channel coding schemes used in the 5G standard. These codes could benefit from parallel processing, making Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) with their parallel computation abilities a possible platform for effective LDPC decoding. In this thesis, our goal is to evaluate a GPU as a platform for 5G LDPC decoding. The LDPC codes adhering to the 5G standard belong to the Quasi-Cyclic LDPC (QC-LDPC) subclass. Optimizations targeting this subclass, as well as other optimization techniques, are implemented in our thesis project to promote fast execution times. A GPU-based decoder is evaluated against a Central Processing Unit (CPU)-based decoder, written with Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) and C++ respectively. The functionally equivalent decoders implement the layered offset Min-Sum Algorithm (MSA) with early termination to decode messages. Execution time for the decoders were measured while varying message size, Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and maximum iterations. Additionaly, we evaluated the decoders with and without including early termination, and also evaluated the GPU-decoder when it was integrated into a MATLAB 5G channel simulator used by Tietoevry. The results from the experiments showed that the GPU-based decoder experienced up to 4.3 times faster execution than the CPU-based decoder for message sizes ranging from 3000-12000 bits. The GPU-based decoder however experienced a higher baseline execution time, making the CPU-based decoder faster for smaller message sizes. It was also concluded that the benefit of including early termination in the decoder generally outweighs the cost of additional processing time. / Under de senaste tio åren har det skett en gradvis ökning av datatrafik i mobilnät. Utvecklingen som lett till framtagandet av 5G står som ett bevis på de ökade kraven på höghastighetsnätverk. Kanalkodning spelar en avgörande roll i 5G- nätverk, vilket gör det möjligt att återställa meddelanden från fel som uppstår när de skickas genom nätverket. Kanalavkodning är dock en tidskrävande uppgift för en mottagare, och optimering av denna process kan därför ha en betydande inverkan på mottagarens exekveringstider. LDPC-koder är en av de kanalkoder som används i 5G-standarden. Dessa koder kan dra nytta av parallell bearbetning, vilket gör GPUs med deras parallella beräkningsförmåga till en möjlig plattform för effektiv LDPC- avkodning. I denna masteruppsats är vårt mål att utvärdera en GPU som en plattform för 5G LDPC- avkodning. LDPC-koder som följer 5G-standarden tillhör underklassen QC-LDPC. Optimeringar som riktar sig mot denna underklass, samt andra optimeringstekniker, implementeras i vårt avhandlingsprojekt för att främja snabba exekveringstider. En GPU-baserad avkodare utvärderas mot en CPU-baserad avkodare, skrivna med programspråken CUDA respektive C++. De funktionellt likvärdiga avkodarna implementerar den lagrade offset MSA med tidig terminering för att avkoda meddelanden. Exekveringstiden för avkodarna mättes medan meddelandestorlek, SNR och maximalt antal iterationer varierades. Vi utvärderade också avkodarna med och utan att inkludera tidig terminering, samt utvärderade GPU-avkodaren när den integrerats i en MATLAB 5G-kanalsimulator som används av Tietoevry. Resultaten från experimenten visade att den GPU-baserade avkodaren hade upp till 4.3 gånger snabbare exekvering än den CPU-baserade avkodaren för meddelandestorlekar mellan 3000 och 12000 bitar. Den GPU-baserade avkodaren hade dock en högre baslinje för exekveringstiden, vilket gjorde den CPU-baserade avkodaren snabbare för mindre meddelandestorlekar. Det konstaterades också att fördelen med att inkludera tidig terminering i avkodaren i allmänhet överväger kostnaden för ytterligare bearbetningstid.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 18-21, 2004 / Town & Country Resort, San Diego, California / The impact of frequency selective multipath fading on the bit error rate performance of ARTM Tier-1 waveforms (FQPSK and SOQPSK) is derived and analyzed. In the presence of a strong specular reflection with relative magnitude |Γ1|, the ARTM Tier-1 waveforms suffer a loss in performance of (1 - |Γ1)^(-4√(|Γ1|)) for |Γ1| < 0:5 and a relatively high error floor at approximately 10^(-2) for |Γ1| ≥ 0.5. The ARTM Tier-1 waveforms possess twice the spectral efficiency of PCM/FM, but exhibit a greater loss and higher error floors than PCM/FM for the same multipath conditions and signal-to-noise ratio.

ITC/USA 2008 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Fourth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 27-30, 2008 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, California / This paper describes the use of orthogonal space-time block codes to overcome the performance and complexity difficulties associated with the use of Shaped Offset QPSK (SOQPSK) modulation, a ternary continuous phase modulation (CPM), in multiple-input multiple-output telemetry systems. The orthogonal space-time block code is applied to SOQPSK waveforms in the same way it would be applied to symbols. The procedure allows the receiver to orthogonalize the link. The main benefits of this orthogonalization are the easy realization of the transmit diversity for the offset-featured SQOSPK, and the removal of the noise correlation at the input to the space-time decoder and the elimination of I/Q interference when space time orthogonalization is applied to the symbol level.