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The diasporic resources and transnational flows of the Black diaspora have increasingly been of concern to scholars. However, the making of the Black diaspora in Canada has often been overlooked, and the use of sport to connect migrants to the homeland has been virtually ignored. This study uses African, Black and Caribbean diaspora lenses to examine the ways that first generation Caribbean-Canadians use cricket to maintain their association with people, places, spaces, and memories of home. In this multi-sited ethnography I examine a group I call the Mavericks Cricket and Social Club (MCSC), an assembly of first generation migrants from the Anglo-Caribbean. My objective to “follow the people” took me to parties, fundraising dances, banquets, and cricket games throughout the Greater Toronto Area on weekends from early May to late September in 2008 and 2009. I also traveled with approximately 30 MCSC members to observe and participate in tours and tournaments in Barbados, England, and St. Lucia and conducted 29 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with male players and male and female supporters. I found that the Caribbean diaspora is maintained through liming (hanging out) at cricket matches and social events. Speaking in their native Patois language, eating traditional Caribbean foods, and consuming alcohol are significant means of creating spaces in which Caribbean-Canadians can network with other members of the diaspora. Furthermore, diasporas are preserved through return visits, not only to their nations of origin, but to a more broadly defined homeland, found in other Caribbean countries, England, the United States and elsewhere in Canada. This study shows that while diasporas may form a unified communitas they also reinforce class, gender, nation and ethnicity hierarchies and exclusions in diasporic spaces. For example, women and Indo-Caribbeans are mainly absent from or marginalized at the cricket grounds, which celebrates a masculine, Afro-Caribbean culture. Corporeal practices such as sports, and their related social activities, can be deployed as diasporic resources that create a sense of deterritorialized community for first generation Caribbean migrants.

Access to abstract permanently restricted to Ball State community only / Access to thesis permanently restricted to Ball State community only / School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science

Access to abstract is permanently restricted to Ball State community only / Access to dissertation permanently restricted to Ball State community only / School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science

The diasporic resources and transnational flows of the Black diaspora have increasingly been of concern to scholars. However, the making of the Black diaspora in Canada has often been overlooked, and the use of sport to connect migrants to the homeland has been virtually ignored. This study uses African, Black and Caribbean diaspora lenses to examine the ways that first generation Caribbean-Canadians use cricket to maintain their association with people, places, spaces, and memories of home. In this multi-sited ethnography I examine a group I call the Mavericks Cricket and Social Club (MCSC), an assembly of first generation migrants from the Anglo-Caribbean. My objective to “follow the people” took me to parties, fundraising dances, banquets, and cricket games throughout the Greater Toronto Area on weekends from early May to late September in 2008 and 2009. I also traveled with approximately 30 MCSC members to observe and participate in tours and tournaments in Barbados, England, and St. Lucia and conducted 29 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with male players and male and female supporters. I found that the Caribbean diaspora is maintained through liming (hanging out) at cricket matches and social events. Speaking in their native Patois language, eating traditional Caribbean foods, and consuming alcohol are significant means of creating spaces in which Caribbean-Canadians can network with other members of the diaspora. Furthermore, diasporas are preserved through return visits, not only to their nations of origin, but to a more broadly defined homeland, found in other Caribbean countries, England, the United States and elsewhere in Canada. This study shows that while diasporas may form a unified communitas they also reinforce class, gender, nation and ethnicity hierarchies and exclusions in diasporic spaces. For example, women and Indo-Caribbeans are mainly absent from or marginalized at the cricket grounds, which celebrates a masculine, Afro-Caribbean culture. Corporeal practices such as sports, and their related social activities, can be deployed as diasporic resources that create a sense of deterritorialized community for first generation Caribbean migrants.

Access to abstract permanently restricted to Ball State community only / Access to thesis permanently restricted to Ball State community only / School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science

The Aronson Cognitive Residual Evaluation Scale (ACRES), designed to assess residual cognitive functioning with potential loss due to age or CNS disorder, was examined with a male subject group. The five ACRES subtests were administered to 45 elderly males. Results were compared with a previously reported subject group of 48 elderly females. Measures of the subjects' levels of independent functioning and their performances on selected Wechsler Memory Scale Revised (WMS-R) subtests were related to ACRES scores. Intercorrelations among ACRES subtests suggest that more than one cognitive factor is assessed. WMS-R subtests showed moderately significant correlations with ACRES for verbal tasks and for nonverbal tasks. Findings were discussed within a framework of lateralization of CNS functions.

Recent studies have demonstrated that increases in dynamic strength after weight-training in healthy subjects were associated with reductions in heart rate (HR) and arterial blood pressure (ABP) during formal lifting of identical absolute loads (McCartney et al., 1989; Sale et al., 1990). This study investigated whether the effect could be transferred to strength-related activities of daily living in healthy older men. The effects of 10 weeks (30 sessions) of progressive dynamic weightlifting training on HR and ABP in 10 weight-trained (wttrain) subjects were compared with 5 control subjects. Before and after training intra-brachial artery pressure and HR were monitored continuously during: 10 repetitions of single-arm curl (SAC) and single-arm military press (SAMP) at 70 % of initial 1 repetition maximum (1 RM); 12 repetitions of single- (SLP) and double-leg press (DLP) exercise at 80% of initial 1 RM; 10 mins treadmill walking at 2.5 mph, carrying 20 and 30 pound loads between mins 4-6 and 8-10 respectively (T-10); 4 mins of treadmill walking at 3.0 mph up an incline of 8% (T-4); 12 flights of stairclimbing at 60 steps/min on a Stairmaster 6000 Ergometer (STR). In the wttrain group the 1 RM in SAC, SAMP, SLP and DLP increased overall by 61 (p < 0.007), 30 (p < 0.001), 27 (p<0.001) and 27 per cent (p < 0.001), respectively. After training the mean maximal systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and rate-pressure product (RPP; 10^3) values in all 4 weightlifting exercises were lower. The decreases were only significant however, for the DBP in the SAC (144.0 ± 14.9 to 110.0 ± 5.2 Torr; p < 0.001), SAMP (151.0 ± 5.9 to 144.0 ± 5.4 Torr; p < 0.007), the MAP for the DLP ( 154.0 ± 5.0 to 147.0 ±5.0 Torr; p < 0.021) and RPP for the SAC (22.7 ± 2.2 to 19.1 ± 1.4; p < 0.041). The same respective measurements in the control group were either unchanged or higher. After training, there were overall reductions in the SBP (p < 0.05, mins 8-10), DBP , MAP and RPP (P < 0.05, mins 1-4) responses during T-10 with consistently higher values found in the control group. Similar, but nonsignificant patterns emerged for T-4. In contrast, there was little or no reduction in any of the measured parameters during stairclimbing. It was concluded that improved strength in older subjects results in an attenuated HR and ABP response during weightlifting, and there is a modest transfer of this effect to certain activities of daily living which involve the trained muscles. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

The purpose of this investigation was to examine differences under resting conditions (baseline) and after a bout of resistance exercise, in the total amount and the activation (phosphorylation) of the p42/44 MAPK signaling cascade proteins (ERK 1/2, p90RSK, and MNK 1) in young and old men. Eight young (22±1 yr) and eight old (79±3 yr) men underwent a resting muscle biopsy of the vastus lateralis, then a knee extensor resistance exercise session (29 contractions at -70% of max), followed by a post-exercise biopsy. The total protein expression and phosphorylation state for ERK 1/2, p90RSK, and MNK 1 was determined by Western immunoblot analysis. Total protein expression of ERK 1/2 and MNK 1 were not different between the young and old, before and after exercise. The resistance exercise bout caused an increase in phosphorylation of the ERK 1/2, p90RSK, and MNK 1 proteins (73, 95, and 61%, respectively; P<0.05) in the young men. Conversely, the older men showed a decrease in ERK 1/2, p90RSK, and MNK1 phosphorylation (-48, -62, and -37%, respectively; P<0.05) after the exercise bout (versus old pre). Although, the old men displayed higher pre-exercise phosphorylation of these proteins versus young pre-exercise (131, 248, and 74%, respectively; P<0.05). This investigation is the first to provide evidence that MAPK signaling pathways differentially respond under resting and exercise conditions in skeletal muscle of young and old men. These findings may have implications for other processes (e.g. transcription and translation) involved in skeletal muscle type and growth, when examining the changes occurring with aging muscle before and after resistance exercise/training. / School of Physical Education

Using a basic interpretive qualitative research design, this study explores adult musicians’ reflections of participation in wind band as a health promoting activity. Five male participants between the ages of 58 and 76 participated in semi-structured interviews and provided basic demographic information. Data were analyzed thematically and findings represented evocatively. Elements of a wind ensemble were used as a metaphor to provide a rich way of presenting the data as fundamentally tied to the specific act of making music in a wind ensemble. The three main components of the metaphor and the main themes they present are: Instrumentation: Defining Roles (Purpose), Sound: Making Meaning (Physical and Emotional Well-being), and Performance: Extending Self (Challenge, Accomplishment and Connection). The current findings contribute to furthering knowledge and research in the area of music making and health, especially wind ensemble playing participation and healthy aging. Implications for both practice and future research are identified.