Purpose - A research gap was identified in relation to the production related factors during ramp-up. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to “simplify production ramp-up by defining how measures could be prioritised in high technology company.” Method – The study used a single-case study method with a qualitative and explorative approach. This method was used to gain in-depth knowledge of the case. The study was conducted at Saab, a high technology company within the aerospace industry. Findings – The findings included a list of critical factors for ramp-up control and two additional critical factors that are relevant to high technology companies, along with five additional measures. From the case the main critical factors were related to personnel, education and experience. Implications – The study has contributed with a simplified ramp-up control method with implications for high technology industries. The new method will contribute to a more effective time to volume phase relevant for both practitioners and researchers. Limitations - As the study uses a new ramp-up control method it has only been applied to one case. The complete data from the case cannot be showcased due to secrecy.

[pt] A aplicação de geossintéticos em obras geotécnicas vem crescendo intensamente nos últimos tempos, tornando cada vez mais importantes e necessários os estudos da resistência de interface para aplicação em projetos e obras. Em particular, tais estudos devem tratar das técnicas de ensaios de campo e de laboratório para a obtenção dos parâmetros de resistência (adesão e ângulo de atrito). Os ensaios de laboratório são utilizados com maior freqüência por serem mais acessíveis e de fácil execução. Os ensaios de campo reproduzem mais diretamente as condições das obras, mas apresentam como desvantagem o custo elevado e a dificuldade de execução. Este trabalho tem como finalidades apresentar o equipamento de ensaio utilizado e analisar os resultados de um programa em interfaces solo- geossintético. O programa experimental envolveu ensaios de rampa, cisalhamento direto convencional e cisalhamento direto inclinado em solo com granulação grosseira (brita), em contacto com as geomembranas e as geogrelhas. Os resultados foram analisados avaliando-se as influências da tensão confinante e da inserção dos geossintéticos, e comparandose os diferentes tipos de materiais e de técnicas de ensaio. A influência da tensão confinante foi estudada com base em três tensões confinantes distintas, de baixa magnitude (1,0; 1,7 e 2,4kPa). O aumento da tensão confinante implicou em um aumento, tanto do deslocamento até a ruptura quanto da resistência da interface. Este comportamento deve-se à possibilidade de rearranjo e imbricamento entre os grãos da brita. Em relação ao tipo de geossintético, a interface brita-geogrelha apresentou maior resistência do que a interface brita-geomembrana. Isto pode ser explicado em função da estrutura do geossintético, pois a geomembrana perde possui uma superfície lisa, o que favorece o deslizamento, ao contrário da geogrelha, que conta com o efeito do imbricamento do solo nas aberturas da malha. / [en] The use of geosynthetics in geotechnical construction is growing up intensively on the last years, which make the study on interface strength more important and necessary to its application on projects and construction. Particularly, these studies should watch out field and laboratory tests in order to obtain strength parameters (adhesion and friction angle). Laboratory tests are more frequently used, due to their accessibility and easy execution. Field tests reproduce construction condition in a directly way, but have as disadvantages high cost and hard execution condition. The current research have as objectives present the test equipment used and analyze software results obtained for soil and geosynthetic interfaces. The experimental program involved ramp tests, conventional direct shear test and inclined direct shear test. This program was carried out on gravel soil in contact with two different types of geosynthetics (geomembrane and geogrids). Results were analyzed based on the influence of confining pressure and the introduction of geosynthetics, and comparing the different materials and test techniques. The confining pressure influence/importance was studied based on three different low magnitude confining pressures (1,0; 1,7 e 2,4kPa). The confining pressure increases resulted in an increase of both displacements until the failure and interface strength. This behavior could be explained due to the possibility of interlocking e between the gravel grains. Considering the geosynthetic type, gravel-geogrid interface presented higher strength than gravel- geomembrane interface. This could be explained by the structure of the geosynthetic; geomembrane has low strength due to its smooth surface, which benefits the slide. Geogrid instead, counts with the soil interlocking; effects in the mesh holes.

Originally presented as the author's Thesis (doctoral)--Technische Universität München. / "FGV-TUM." Includes bibliographical references (p. 147-156).

The Mural Limestone, located in the Mule Mountains to the northeast and southeast of Bisbee, Arizona provides an exceptional outcrop analog for time-equivalent productive reservoirs in the Albian Glen Rose patch-reef play of the Maverick Basin. The Mural Limestone is exposed in a number of folds and east-dipping fault blocks in the Grassy Hill and Paul Spur localities in the Mule Mountains and represents a remnant of a south-facing distally-steepened carbonate ramp that prograded into the Chihuahua Trough in Albian time. This study documents the detailed facies architecture and sequence stratigraphic setting of a multicyclic patch-reef and its associated ramp interior facies at the Paul Spur and Grassy Hill localities, respectively. Small mud-dominated coral-algal buildups (~5 m thick) and tabular biostromes (up to 1.5 m thick) consisting of rudist floatstones are common in the bedded ramp interior carbonates at the Grassy Hill locality in the Mule Mountains 10 km landward of the Paul Spur reef. Buildups in this area are flanked by weakly-cyclic and well-bedded skeletal mud- and grain-dominated packstones. At the Paul Spur locality, Mural facies consist of a 10-35 m thick patch-reef with four distinct reef communities: microbial-Microsolena framestone, algal-Actinastrea boundstone, branching coral-skeletal framestone and caprinid-requienid floatstone. Measured reef dimensions show a distinct windward-leeward margin with reef frame facies extending ~70 m from the margin and extensive leeward rudstone debris and grainstone shoal facies extending a distance of 870 m. Reef and backreef shoal facies exhibit low preserved porosity but petrographic analysis of backreef grainstones shows that primary porosity and permeability was present. These extensive reservoir-prone shoals may be a suitable reservoir target similar to flank rudstones and grainstones of the Maverick Basin reefs. Three aggradational to retrogradational cycles of reef growth are evident at the Paul Spur locality. Retrogradational stacking is consistent with that of time-equivalent Lower Glen Rose patch-reefs in the Maverick Basin of Texas, which suggests a eustatic driver for stratigraphic architecture along the Bisbee/Comanche shelf. Backstepping of reef frame facies in Cycle 3 is interpreted to be time-equivalent to patch-reef development at the Grassy Hill locality. / text

The ENE-trending Himalayan fold-thrust belt in Pakistan exhibits contrasting deformation styles both along and across the strike. The centrifuge modelling technique has been used to investigate these variations in structural style. For the purpose of modelling, the Salt Range and Potwar Plateau (SR/PP) stratigraphy has been grouped into four mechanical units. From bottom to top these are the Salt Range Formation, carapace unit (Cambrian-Eocene platform sequences), Rawalpindi Group, and Siwalik Group. These stratigraphic units of alternating competence, composed of thin layers of plasticine modelling clay and silicone putty, rest on a rigid base plate that represents the crystalline basement of the Indian plate. The models are built at a linear scale ratio of ~10-6 (1mm=1km) and deformed in a centrifuge at 4000g. The models are subjected to horizontal shortening by collapse and lateral spreading of a “hinterland wedge” which simulates overriding by the Himalayan orogen (above the Main Boundary Thrust). The models of the central SR/PP show that the accretionary wedge develops a prominent culmination structure with fault-bend fold geometry over the frontal ramp, while the eastern SR/PP is more internally deformed by detachment folds, fault-propagation folds and pop-up and pop-down structures. Model results show that the transition from fault-bend fold to detachment-fold and fault-propagation-fold geometry in the prototype may take place in a transfer zone marked by an S-bend structure (Chambal Ridge and Jogi Tilla) at the surface and the lateral ramp in the subsurface. Moreover, the models suggest that an oblique ramp below the Kalabagh strike-slip connecting the two frontal ramps below the Surghar Range and the central Salt Range developed similar structure that can be observed in the prototype. The model results also show that the Northern Potwar Deformed Zone may have been developed over ductile substrata due to the close similarity between the models and the prototype structures. The deformation style in the models illustrates the importance of mechanical stratigraphic and basement ramp systems in the evolution and the structural styles of the SR/PP. / Thesis (Master, Geological Sciences & Geological Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2010-07-29 19:42:25.027

Ramp metering, one of the most effective solutions for improving motorway traffic flows, is playing increasingly important role in traffic management systems. Because of its capability to handle nonlinear and non-stationary problems, fuzzy logic based ramp metering algorithms have been always considered as an extremely suitable control measures to handle a complex nonlinear traffic system. This thesis proposes a genetic fuzzy approach to design a traffic-responsive ramp control algorithm for an isolated onramp. For a local ramp meter algorithm, the problem could be described as the inflow optimization of on-ramp, based on the evaluation of motorway traffic condition. If the inflow of on-ramp is considered as the decision variable, the ramp control problem could be treated as a nonlinear optimization problem of maximizing the evaluation function. The adaptive genetic fuzzy approach is actually a control approach to maximize the inflow of on-ramp under the restriction of evaluation function. In this thesis, a well-known fuzzy logic based ramp metering algorithms developed by Bogenberger is introduced and implemented with an on-ramp congestion model of Constellation Drive Interchange in a stochastic microscopic traffic simulator, Aimsun. To improve the performance of fuzzy control system, genetic algorithm is applied to tune the parameterized membership function of each fuzzy input to maintain the flow density of motorway blow the estimated congestion density. The performances of the genetic fuzzy logic control ramp metering are compared with FLC (fuzzy logic control) ramp metering by means of the percentage change of TTT (Total Travel Time) based on no control condition in Aimsun. The simulation results show the genetic fuzzy ramp metering has a more significant improvement on TTT and more strong stability to maintain system flow density than FLC ramp metering.

Originally presented as the author's Thesis (doctoral)--Technische Universität München. / "FGV-TUM." Includes bibliographical references (p. 147-156).

Cette thèse s'intéresse à la dynamique des prismes orogéniques à travers l'étude du cas Himalayen. J'ai utilisé une approche pluri-disciplinaire combinant modélisation numérique, cartographie de terrain, analyse structurale et microstructurale, thermochronologie Ar-Ar et détermination des pics de température métamorphique par RSCM (Raman Spectroscopy of Carbonaceous Material).La modélisation numérique m'a permis d'apporter des contraintes sur les paramètres contrôlant la géométrie actuelle de la chaine. A la suite de cette étude, je propose que les variations latérales observées le long de la chaîne Himalayenne soient générées par la combinaison de deux mécanismes : 1) l'advection asynchrone d'une rampe crustale sous le Moyen Pays Himalayen le long de différents segments, qui entraine la présence et le déplacement de la transition topographique le long de la chaîne; 2) des variations dans le contraste rhéologique entre le plateau du Tibet et la croûte continentale Indienne, qui controlent la formation des klippes et influence la largeur de la chaîne.Le travail de terrain a permis d'apporter des données sur une zone jusqu'alors peu documentée de l'Ouest Népalais. Les observations réalisées, ainsi que les analyses effectuées sur les échantillons rapportés de cette campagne de terrain, m'ont amené à proposer une nouvelle coupe géologique pour cette zone. L'existence du “lesser Himalayan Duplex”, jusqu'alors utilisé pour expliquer cette zone, est ainsi discuté ainsi que la géométrie et la signification du “Ramgarh Thrust”.Par ailleurs, un code de modélisation numérique a été développé afin d'étudier les mécanismes thermiques ayant lieu dans la croûte continentale en cours de migmatisation. Ce modèle, appliqué au massif métamorphique de El Oro en Equateur, nous a amené à mettre en évidence l'existence de mécanismes de convection crustale, lors de la migmatisation, dans cette région. Cette étude méthodologiquement proche de celle réalisée sur le prisme orogénique himalayen, apporte des contraintes sur la formation et la dynamique des plateaux continentaux. / This PhD focuses on the dynamics of orogenic wedges using the Himalayas as a case study. I used a multi-disciplinary approach combining numerical modeling, field mapping, structural and microstructural analysis, Ar-Ar thermochronology and metamorphic peak temperature estimation by RSCM (Raman Spectroscopy of Carbonaceous Material) to provide geometrical and timing constraints on the development and evolution of an upper-crustal scale nappe system.Numerical modeling provided the intuition on the parameters that control the current geometry of the belt. According to this study, I propose that along-strike variations observed along the Himalayan Belt are generated by two parallel mechanisms: 1) The asynchronous underthrusting of a crustal ramp beneath the Lesser Hiamalaya, responsible for the presence and displacement of the topographic transition observed along the belt; and 2) variations in the rheological contrast between the Tibetan Plateau and the colliding Indian continental crust, controlling the formation of klippes and the range width.The fieldwork campaign allowed us to bring new data on an area so far poorly documented: the far western Nepal. Field observations as well as analyses performed on samples collected during the field campaign led us to propose a new geological cross section for this area. The existence of the lesser Himalayan duplex, used so far to explain the structure of the belt in the Karnali River area (Western Nepal), is discussed as well as the geometry and tectonic significance of the Ragmarh thrust.In a parallel study, a numerical code has been developed in order to study the thermal behavior of a partially melted continental crust. This model, applied to the El Oro massif in Equator, led us to show the likely presence of crustal convection during partial melting for this area, in the Triassic. This study is similar to the one on the Himalayan orogenic wedge from a methodological point of view and brings new constraints on the formation and kinematics of continental plateau.

Diploma thesis deals with the design of the automatically controlled ramp for the boarding of physically disabled people in city buses. The initial research section deals with the regulations and directives that must be respected in the design, the issue of wheelchair mobility and the analysis of design considered elements. In the second part the thesis goes to the chosen design solution. The design input parameters are the height of the ramp cassette, the slope of the ramp when boarding and the width of the boarding platform. The platform is extended by a pair of pneumatic cylinders along with a scissor mechanism guided in a linear ball guide. The boarding platform is made of an aluminium honeycomb panel which strength is verified by analytical calculation. At the front edge, the boarding platform is equipped with a pressure-sensitive edge The ramp cassette is made up of a welded frame of steel profiles and subjected to stress strain analysis. The thesis is accompanied by complete drawing documentation.

This thesis deals with revitalization of the selected part of river Drevnice. Main scopes of the work are proposals of fish passages through migration barriers. The work is conceived on four levels. The first of them is dealing with the general characteristics of selected segment and with description of objects on watercourse. The second level is dealing with revitalization, where the basic information about migration and efficiency of fishes are described. In this chapter basic distribution of fish ladders is included. In third part, which is the most comprehensive, I design a boulder fish ramp and bypass channel. The last chapter contains drawings documentation of watercourse Drevnice and my own proposed revitalization elements.