Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1994. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 39-41). Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Queensland, 2005. / Includes bibliography.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Wollongong, 2007. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:54:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:07:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:54:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:07:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / O resíduo gerado na demolição do revestimento de cubas eletrolíticas de produção de alumínio é classificado, segundo normas internacionais e a ABNT, como resíduo perigoso devido à presença de fluoretos e cianetos. Este trabalho apresenta uma nova alternativa para eliminação desse resíduo, conhecido como spent pot lining ou simplesmente, SPL, segundo a qual os cianetos são destruídos termicamente e parte do flúor fixada em vidros entrando em sua composição. Foi realizado estudo inédito para a aplicação da fração mais carbonosa desse resíduo, que corresponde à metade do todo, como matéria-prima para obtenção de vidros opacos e fritas aplicáveis em vidrados para revestimentos cerâmicos. Para tal, foi estudado o tratamento térmico prévio do o SPL com adição de calcário, para eliminação de carbono e cianetos e minimização da volatilização dos fluoretos durante o aquecimento, tendo sido determinados os parâmetros ideais para esse tratamento. Após tratamento, o resíduo foi utilizado como parte da composição de vidros opacos tendo uma das formulações sido analisada quanto a sua composição química, resistência química e análise microestrutural. O resíduo tratado também foi utilizado na formulação de fritas usadas nos vidrados de revestimentos cerâmicos e em algumas composições obteve-se fritas similares às comerciais. Estas foram comparadas às comerciais segundo critérios específicos, com resultados bastante promissores. Os teores de fluoretos e cianetos foram analisados nas várias fases do processo de obtenção dos vidros opacos e das fritas. / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

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Dissolution rates of two different glasses (soda-lime glass and fused quartz) and a natural opal (opal-CT) in distilled and deionized water and two concentrations of NaCI solution from 25°C to 75°C were measured by molybdate blue method and determined by initial rate method. The specific surface area of the samples were determined by N2 BET procedure. XRD patterns were obtained to check the crystallinity of these samples. Dissolution experiments show that soda-lime glass dissolves the fastest and opal-CT dissolve the most slowly. The dissolution rate of each sample is about one order of magnitude higher at 75°C than that at 2S°C. The calculated Ea for soda-lime glass is 32.7 kJ/mole, for fused quartz is 37.S kJ/mole and for opal-CT is 41.7 kJ/mole. / Master of Science

Le laboratoire LT2C utilise depuis quelques années un procédé sol-gel basse température pour développer un matériau magnéto-optique composite parfaitement compatible avec les technologies d’optique intégrée sur verre. Néanmoins, la qualité actuelle du matériau ne permet pas son utilisation dans l’intégration des composants à effets non-réciproques. Dans le but d’exalter les effets magnéto-optiques et le facteur de mérite du matériau, le laboratoire LT2C s’est orienté vers sa structuration 3D en adaptant une approche basée sur les opales. Cette dernière consiste à fabriquer des opales directes à partir de l’auto-arrangement de microbilles de polystyrène sur un substrat de verre. Les opales sont ensuite infiltrées par une solution sol-gel dopée par des nanoparticules magnétiques de ferrite de cobalt. Après traitement thermique, le polystyrène est dissout dans l’acétate d’éthyle pour obtenir une structure 3D formée de trous d’air dans une matrice de silice dopée. Dans ce cadre, l’objectif des travaux de cette thèse consiste tout d’abord à optimiser au mieux la procédure d’élaboration des opales afin d’améliorer leur qualité structurelle et magnéto-optique. Ensuite, il consiste à réaliser une étude systématique des effets magnéto-optiques dans ces structures 3D pour investiguer le comportement spectral de l’effet Faraday, et ainsi qualifier les modifications apportées au facteur de mérite. Une analyse des images MEB et une caractérisation optique montrent que notre méthode d’élaboration conduit à la fabrication d’opales de bonne qualité structurelle et optique. Les mesures de rotation et d'ellipticité Faraday en fonction du champ magnétique appliqué présentent des cycles d’hystérésis, et mettent en évidence un effet non-réciproque, ce qui surligne le caractère magnéto-optique des opales inverses dopées. Une étude spectrale systématique des effets magnéto-optiques dans ces structures 3D montre deux pics et une atténuation de rotation et d’ellipticité Faraday, respectivement en bords et au centre de la BIP. Cependant, ces modifications spectrales significatives ne conduisent pas à une exaltation de la valeur du facteur de mérite. Cela est principalement dû aux défauts structurels qui diminuent le niveau de transmission de l’opale inverse dopée par rapport la couche de référence / LT2C laboratory uses since recent years a low temperature sol-gel process to develop a magneto-optical composite material that is perfectly compatible with glass integrated optics. However, due to an actual low figure of merit, this material cannot be embedded on integrated non-reciprocal devices. In order to exalt the magneto-optical effects and figure of merit, the LT2C laboratory adopted a process based on opals to 3D structure the material. The selected process consists in elaborating direct opals by self-assembling monodisperse polystyrene microspheres on glass substrate. Those opals are then impregnated with a homogeneous solution of sol-gel silica precursors doped with cobalt ferrite nanoparticles. Resulting samples are later oven dried for 1 hour at 90°C. Finally, polystyrene spheres are dissolved in ethyl acetate to obtain a 3D structure formed by air voids in doped silica matrix. In this context, the objective of this thesis is to optimize the fabrication process of opals in order to improve their structural and magneto-optical quality. Furthermore, it consists in making a systematic study of the magneto-optical effect in these structures in order to investigate the spectral behavior of the Faraday effect and thus quantify the figure of merit. Analysis of SEM images and optical characterization prove that our elaboration process leads to the fabrication of opals with good structural and optical quality. Measurements of Faraday rotation and ellipticity as a function of applied magnetic field show hysteresis loops with an unambiguous non-reciprocal behavior. These observations highlight the magneto-photonic character of the doped inverse opals. A systematic spectral study of the magneto-optical effect in these 3D structures displays two peaks and an attenuation of Faraday rotation and ellipticity, respectively at the edges and the center of the photonic band gap. However, these significant spectral modifications do not increase the value of figure of merit. This ascertainment is primarily due to structural defects that lower the transmission magnitude of the doped inverse opals in comparison to a magneto-optical reference monolayer