<p>This thesis deals with the Open Mapping Theorem for analytic functions on domains in the complex plane: A non-constant analytic function on an open subset of the complex plane is an open map.</p><p>As applications of this fundamental theorem we study Schwarz’s Lemma and its consequences concerning the groups of conformal automorphisms of the unit disk and of the upper halfplane.</p><p>In the last part of the thesis we indicate the first steps in hyperbolic geometry.</p> / <p>Denna uppsats behandlar satsen om öppna avbildningar för analytiska funktioner på domäner i det komplexa talplanet: En icke-konstant analytisk funktion på en öppen delmängd av det komplexa talplanet är en öppen avbildning.</p><p>Som tillämpningar på denna fundamentala sats studeras Schwarz’s lemma och dess konsekvenser för grupperna av konforma automorfismer på enhetsdisken och på det övre halvplanet.</p><p>I uppsatsens sista del antyds de första stegen inom hyperbolisk geometri.</p>

This thesis deals with the Open Mapping Theorem for analytic functions on domains in the complex plane: A non-constant analytic function on an open subset of the complex plane is an open map. As applications of this fundamental theorem we study Schwarz’s Lemma and its consequences concerning the groups of conformal automorphisms of the unit disk and of the upper halfplane. In the last part of the thesis we indicate the first steps in hyperbolic geometry. / Denna uppsats behandlar satsen om öppna avbildningar för analytiska funktioner på domäner i det komplexa talplanet: En icke-konstant analytisk funktion på en öppen delmängd av det komplexa talplanet är en öppen avbildning. Som tillämpningar på denna fundamentala sats studeras Schwarz’s lemma och dess konsekvenser för grupperna av konforma automorfismer på enhetsdisken och på det övre halvplanet. I uppsatsens sista del antyds de första stegen inom hyperbolisk geometri.

Le thème central de la présente thèse est le contenu sémantique des quantificateurs logiques. Dans leur forme la plus simple, les quantificateurs permettent d’établir l’existence, ou la non-existence, d’individus répondant à une propriété. En tant que tels, ils incarnent la richesse et la complexité de la logique du premier ordre, par delà la logique propositionnelle. Nous contribuons à l’analyse sémantique des quantificateurs, du point de vue de la théorie de la dualité, dans trois domaines différents des mathématiques et de l’informatique théorique. D’une part, dans la théorie des langages formels à travers la logique sur les mots. D’autre part, dans la logique intuitionniste propositionnelle et dans l’étude de l’interpolation uniforme. Enfin, dans la topologie catégorique et dans la sémantique catégorique de la logique du premier ordre. / The unifying theme of the thesis is the semantic meaning of logical quantifiers. In their basic form quantifiers allow to state theexistence, or non-existence, of individuals satisfying a property. As such, they encode the richness and the complexity of predicate logic, as opposed to propositional logic. We contribute to the semantic understanding of quantifiers, from the viewpoint of duality theory, in three different areas of mathematics and theoretical computer science. First, in formal language theory through the syntactic approach provided by logic on words. Second, in intuitionistic propositional logic and in the study of uniform interpolation. Third, in categorical topology and categorical semantics for predicate logic.

Submitted by ANA KARLA PEREIRA RODRIGUES (anakarla_@hotmail.com) on 2017-08-17T14:00:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1661057 bytes, checksum: 913a7f671e2e028b60d14a02274f932a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-17T14:00:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1661057 bytes, checksum: 913a7f671e2e028b60d14a02274f932a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / In this work we investigate the concept of topological vector spaces and their properties. In the rst chapter we present two sections of basic results and in the other sections we present a more general study of such spaces. In the second chapter we restrict ourselves to the real scalar eld and we study, in the context of locally convex spaces, the Hahn-Banach and Banach-Alaoglu theorems. We also build the weak, weak-star, of bounded convergence and of pointwise convergence topologies. Finally we investigate the Theorem of Banach-Steinhauss, the Open Mapping Theorem and the Closed Graph Theorem. / Neste trabalho, estudamos o conceito de espa cos vetoriais topol ogicos e suas propriedades. No primeiro cap tulo, apresentamos duas se c~oes de resultados b asicos e, nas demais se c~oes, apresentamos um estudo sobre tais espa cos de forma mais ampla. No segundo cap tulo, restringimo-nos ao corpo dos reais e fazemos um estudo sobre os espa cos localmente convexos, o Teorema de Hahn-Banach, o Teorema de Banach- Alaoglu, constru mos as topologias fraca, fraca-estrela, da converg^encia limitada e da converg^encia pontual. Por ultimo, estudamos o Teorema da Limita c~ao Uniforme, o Teorema do Gr a co Fechado e o da Aplica c~ao Aberta no contexto mais geral dos espa cos de Fr echet.