This thesis seeks to explain some of the factors influencing British colonial officials in mandate Palestine, in particular, British colonial officials‟ response to the 1929 Arab Revolt. The various groups in Palestine at the time of the Revolt agreed that it was a direct response to the increasing vulnerability of the Arab cultivator to loose the rights to the land on which he worked as a result of the particular combination of his indebtedness and the laissez-faire market in land supported by the British administration. Based on primary source research on memoranda and official reports from the British Colonial Office between the years of 1929 and 1934, this thesis seeks to examine the trajectory of British credit provision to the Arab population in Palestine in order to stop the tendency of Arab cultivators (fellaheen) to be caught in indebtedness leading to landlessness. The most influential official idea between 1929 and 1934 was one that supported the creation of credit co-operatives for the Arab population. However, credit co-operatives never became an effective means of dealing with the problem of indebtedness leading to landlessness amongst the Arab population in mandate Palestine. There were multiple difficulties associated with the creation of credit co-operatives for the Arabs in mandate Palestine. The most powerful obstacle to success in this colonial endeavour was the lack of consensus amongst officials on how to provide credit to Arab cultivators. There was little agreement on whether or not access to land should be secured for the cultivators prior to credit provision. In trying to demonstrate how much disagreement there was amongst officials about co-operatives and land rights, I am seeking to explain why co-operatives in Palestine failed. In the official discussions, it is clear that there were a significant number of officials who had a very detailed knowledge of the situation in Palestine. However, there was so much disagreement amongst officials that this understanding failed to translate into effective legislation that could deal with the land question and credit. / Graduate

The aim of the thesis is to analyze the current state of co-operatives in the Czech Republic and the role of co-operative enterprise in the market economy. This work describes the position of co-operatives in selected EU countries, the world and their influence in selected economies. It also describes the specifics of the cooperative enterprise and its possible prospects, especially in the social economy. The practical part outlines the status of the European co-operative (SCE), its legal framework and it presents a model for the establishment of a new European co-operative (SCE) based in the Czech Republic.

Graduation theses gives a picture of history housing co-operative and czech legislature represented by the Commercial Code. Solves the problem of small housing co-operatives and chosen problems in accounting of these co-operatives. Practical part analyses economy of cooperative building society in Kladno.

"Filles de la misère", les coopératives agricoles ont accompagné les agriculteurs à travers les changements économiques, politiques et sociétaux depuis le début du XXème siècle. Outil économiques au service du développement de leurs adhérents et de leurs territoires, elles n'ont cessé de prouver leurs capacités d'adaptation face aux transformations de l'agriculture, à la création de l'Union européenne ou à la mondialisation des échanges. Cependant, leur modèle associant les membres au processus décisionnel de l'entreprise a pu souffrir de ces évolutions impliquant une diversification de l'activité, la création de filiales,l'ouverture à des partenaires non-coopérateurs. La place des adhérents est donc à nouveau à considérer, leur loyauté étant un atout indéniable pour les coopératives agricoles.Cette étude se fonde sur l'analyse des procès-verbaux des assemblées générales de cinq coopératives agricoles. Elle propose de faire de l'histoire une force dans la gestion des adhérents : construisant des connaissances, elle peut alimenter une communication éclairée à destination des membres. Enfin, il est proposé de réaliser ce travail de recherche et de valorisation de manière coopérative, afin de mutualiser les moyens nécessaires. / Born out of misery, agricultural co-operatives have been walking hand in hand with farrners through economie, political and societal changes since the beginning of the 20th century.. Economie tool designed tofulfill the development of their members and their territories, they never stopped proving their capacities to adapt. However, their political model involving members to the decision-making process had suffered from changes such as diversification, the establishment of subsidiaries, the opening to non-co-operative partners.The place of members has to be reassessed, their loyalty being an undeniable asset for the co-op.This study is based upon the analysis of the minutes of the general assemblies of five agricultural coops.It aims at making history an asset in the management of the members: by building knowledge, history can feed communication towards members. Finally, it is proposed to carry out this research in a co-operative way so as to pool resources.

The fair trade movement attempts to use the market to bring about social change. Fair trade supports small-scale commodity producers in the global South by paying them a negotiated, fairer price. It also provides consumers with products that meet certain environmental, economic, and social criteria. While the primary goal of some fair trade enterprises is to provide market access for producers, others seek to reform the market, and still others would replace it. Like the fair trade movement, the co-operative movement strives to ensure that the benefits of production and exchange are more fairly distributed. Producer co-operatives in the South and consumer co-operatives in the North use aspects of globalization to create mutually beneficial links between producers and consumers. In some instances, these linkages are brokered by fair trade enterprises that are themselves organized as co-operatives, or are members of second-tier trading and distribution co-operatives.<p>Most intermediaries are involved in fair trade for diverse reasons and act in ways that may have a range of consequences with respect to market reform and market access. This research investigates the activities of large and small co-operatives involved in fair trade to examine whether, and to what degree they contribute to market reform. Based on secondary sources and on interviews with member-owners of first and second-tier fair trade co-operatives, as well as several co-operative specialists, I conclude that although co-operatives rarely transform markets, they can and do help to reform the market while helping producers to gain access to it on more equitable terms. Some leading retail co-operatives actively support the fair trade movement, promoting the interests of producers and consumers through the exchange of good quality products, promoting a critical view of the conventional market, and advocating for change. Although none of the enterprises in this study has been able to substantially change the market through its own activities, they are part of the international movement to achieve a fairer globalization. Fair trades commercial success, however, has attracted transnational enterprises not committed to the philosophy of fair trade, and this may ultimately threaten its ability to achieve lasting market reform.

The role of social economic enterprises (SEEs) in the health and prosperity of the communities they serve is gaining growing recognition. In Canada, SEEs such as co-operatives, community economic development organizations and other voluntary sector initiatives have been widely applauded for their role in addressing the impacts of globalization and economic restructuring experienced in remote rural and aboriginal communities as well as in marginalized urban populations. <p>This research reports on Canada-wide study consisting of a comprehensive mapping and measuring of the geographic spillovers of co-ops in and beyond their local communities. Communities are approximated by Consolidated Census Subdivisions (CCS) of which they are approximately over 2,600 in Canada (Statistics Canada, 1996). Data on the spatial attributes, type and size (per capita membership) of co-operatives are combined with a very extensive geographically coded data set containing socio-economic and amenity variables. <p>The percent change in population between 1991 and 2001 was regressed on these co-op and socio-economic variables. The regressions were estimated for rural and urban CCS separately. In general, most of the results from the rural and urban samples complied with theoretical predictions, that is, communities with favorable socio-economic factors were found to have higher population growth. For instance, factors such as high local employment rates, and entrepreneurship (measured by the share of population engaging in non farm self employment) were important factors influencing population growth. Proximity to larger urban centers and population size appeared to be beneficial for communities, especially rural, indicating the importance of strong rural-urban linkages. However, the presence of agriculture and resource extraction sectors tended to result in lower population growth. The share of population of aboriginal origin, an important demographic variable, was also a positive contributor to population change. <p>Finally, in the presence of the prevailing socio-economic and spatial attributes of the communities, at the national level, we found no empirical evidence that co-operative membership influenced population growth. There is, however, some variation in the results when we reduced our geography level to regions, and our analyses to different co-op types/industries. There is some evidence that co-op activity in some regions such as rural CCSs in British Columbia and urban CCSs in Quebec have a positive impact on population growth. Similar results were also obtained for housing and consumer co-ops in rural communities, as well as retail, and other service co-ops in urban communities. <p>The results suggest that there may be scope for co-ops to examine ways of enhancing their social capital role in their communities, specifically developing mechanisms that respond to evolving community needs. Future research may also focus on additional ways of measuring the impact of co-ops in their communities. Most importantly, a very important part of the co-operative sector, the financial co-ops, should be part of a broader consideration of the influence of co-operatives on community population change.

This dissertation is a study of the public policy-making process, the role of ideas and relationships in this process, and their effect on social economy enterprises, in particular co-operatives. It is concerned with a central problem in all social economy organizations today: understanding the impact of public policy on funding, decision-making and strategy. The relationship between Saskatchewans co-operative Community Clinics and the provincial government is of particular interest. In spite of a seeming congruence between the goals of the Community Clinics and the government, the Clinics have not been allowed to play a significant role in reforming the delivery of health care services in the province.<p> The dissertation draws on models and concepts from the literatures on businessgovernment relations, public policy and the policy-making process, the role of ideas and ideology in public policy, the social economy and public policy, and governmentco-operative relations. A case study of the Community Clinics is elaborated through key informant interviews and supported by examination of primary and secondary literature.<p> This research shows that the Community Clinics are unique organizations and that a new understanding can be developed if the Clinics are viewed as hybrids some combination of co-operative, public, and perhaps even private organizations. The ambiguity in the relationship arises at least in part from the differing and conflicting ways that the Community Clinics have been conceptualized by the politicians, government officials, the health regions, and even the Clinics themselves. The research also shows that the dominant idea at play in the health care policy domain in Saskatchewan remains that of private medical practice, with fee-for-service remuneration, and that the conditions necessary for a major policy change with respect to the role of the Community Clinics do not exist.

The fair trade movement attempts to use the market to bring about social change. Fair trade supports small-scale commodity producers in the global South by paying them a negotiated, fairer price. It also provides consumers with products that meet certain environmental, economic, and social criteria. While the primary goal of some fair trade enterprises is to provide market access for producers, others seek to reform the market, and still others would replace it. Like the fair trade movement, the co-operative movement strives to ensure that the benefits of production and exchange are more fairly distributed. Producer co-operatives in the South and consumer co-operatives in the North use aspects of globalization to create mutually beneficial links between producers and consumers. In some instances, these linkages are brokered by fair trade enterprises that are themselves organized as co-operatives, or are members of second-tier trading and distribution co-operatives.<p>Most intermediaries are involved in fair trade for diverse reasons and act in ways that may have a range of consequences with respect to market reform and market access. This research investigates the activities of large and small co-operatives involved in fair trade to examine whether, and to what degree they contribute to market reform. Based on secondary sources and on interviews with member-owners of first and second-tier fair trade co-operatives, as well as several co-operative specialists, I conclude that although co-operatives rarely transform markets, they can and do help to reform the market while helping producers to gain access to it on more equitable terms. Some leading retail co-operatives actively support the fair trade movement, promoting the interests of producers and consumers through the exchange of good quality products, promoting a critical view of the conventional market, and advocating for change. Although none of the enterprises in this study has been able to substantially change the market through its own activities, they are part of the international movement to achieve a fairer globalization. Fair trades commercial success, however, has attracted transnational enterprises not committed to the philosophy of fair trade, and this may ultimately threaten its ability to achieve lasting market reform.

The role of social economic enterprises (SEEs) in the health and prosperity of the communities they serve is gaining growing recognition. In Canada, SEEs such as co-operatives, community economic development organizations and other voluntary sector initiatives have been widely applauded for their role in addressing the impacts of globalization and economic restructuring experienced in remote rural and aboriginal communities as well as in marginalized urban populations. <p>This research reports on Canada-wide study consisting of a comprehensive mapping and measuring of the geographic spillovers of co-ops in and beyond their local communities. Communities are approximated by Consolidated Census Subdivisions (CCS) of which they are approximately over 2,600 in Canada (Statistics Canada, 1996). Data on the spatial attributes, type and size (per capita membership) of co-operatives are combined with a very extensive geographically coded data set containing socio-economic and amenity variables. <p>The percent change in population between 1991 and 2001 was regressed on these co-op and socio-economic variables. The regressions were estimated for rural and urban CCS separately. In general, most of the results from the rural and urban samples complied with theoretical predictions, that is, communities with favorable socio-economic factors were found to have higher population growth. For instance, factors such as high local employment rates, and entrepreneurship (measured by the share of population engaging in non farm self employment) were important factors influencing population growth. Proximity to larger urban centers and population size appeared to be beneficial for communities, especially rural, indicating the importance of strong rural-urban linkages. However, the presence of agriculture and resource extraction sectors tended to result in lower population growth. The share of population of aboriginal origin, an important demographic variable, was also a positive contributor to population change. <p>Finally, in the presence of the prevailing socio-economic and spatial attributes of the communities, at the national level, we found no empirical evidence that co-operative membership influenced population growth. There is, however, some variation in the results when we reduced our geography level to regions, and our analyses to different co-op types/industries. There is some evidence that co-op activity in some regions such as rural CCSs in British Columbia and urban CCSs in Quebec have a positive impact on population growth. Similar results were also obtained for housing and consumer co-ops in rural communities, as well as retail, and other service co-ops in urban communities. <p>The results suggest that there may be scope for co-ops to examine ways of enhancing their social capital role in their communities, specifically developing mechanisms that respond to evolving community needs. Future research may also focus on additional ways of measuring the impact of co-ops in their communities. Most importantly, a very important part of the co-operative sector, the financial co-ops, should be part of a broader consideration of the influence of co-operatives on community population change.

This dissertation is a study of the public policy-making process, the role of ideas and relationships in this process, and their effect on social economy enterprises, in particular co-operatives. It is concerned with a central problem in all social economy organizations today: understanding the impact of public policy on funding, decision-making and strategy. The relationship between Saskatchewans co-operative Community Clinics and the provincial government is of particular interest. In spite of a seeming congruence between the goals of the Community Clinics and the government, the Clinics have not been allowed to play a significant role in reforming the delivery of health care services in the province.<p> The dissertation draws on models and concepts from the literatures on businessgovernment relations, public policy and the policy-making process, the role of ideas and ideology in public policy, the social economy and public policy, and governmentco-operative relations. A case study of the Community Clinics is elaborated through key informant interviews and supported by examination of primary and secondary literature.<p> This research shows that the Community Clinics are unique organizations and that a new understanding can be developed if the Clinics are viewed as hybrids some combination of co-operative, public, and perhaps even private organizations. The ambiguity in the relationship arises at least in part from the differing and conflicting ways that the Community Clinics have been conceptualized by the politicians, government officials, the health regions, and even the Clinics themselves. The research also shows that the dominant idea at play in the health care policy domain in Saskatchewan remains that of private medical practice, with fee-for-service remuneration, and that the conditions necessary for a major policy change with respect to the role of the Community Clinics do not exist.