Zugl.: Oldenburg, Univ., Diss.

Zugl.: Frankfurt (Main), Univ., Diss., 2005

Thèse confidentielle / Confidential PhD thesis

À la fin des années 70, lorsqu’on commence à s’interroger autour des changements historico-politiques qui intéressent les deux “moitiés” de l’Europe, la crise du bloc communiste et la fin des idéologies, la référence à la Modernité est inévitable : on discute la crise de la modernité, d’une modernité inaccomplie ou accomplie. Comment est-ce que le paradigme littéraire change en cette “période de mutation”? Comment s’exprime dans la littérature contemporaine la recherche du sens? On assiste, dans le panorama littéraire, au retour du sujet et du besoin anthropologique de la narration, à la fonction du narrateur comme témoin et médiateur d’histoires d’autrui. À travers la narration de récits de vie, des destins “fragmentés”, des biographies réinventées, on peut remarquer l’intention de ressusciter des “marginalia”, des traces oubliées par l’Histoire : on essaie de donner un sens à une vie ou de saisir une vie par le sens, de représenter la quête d’un centre métaphysique par le personnage qui revit le conflit et la dissociation entre “âme et forme”. Ce sont des récits de filiations, ils narrent des relations père-fils, de l’histoire de la faute et de l’origine du pouvoir, mais aussi des vies marginales, des traces de l’histoire et du rôle du narrateur en tant que témoin. Les auteurs ont recours au mythe : on s’interrogera alors sur le sens nouveau de la représentation du mythe dans ces récits en tant qu’interprétation allégorique du contemporain et d’une relation nouvelle au temps ; on questionnera son utilisation en tant qu’allégorie vide et énigmatique. / In the late 70s, when one begins to wonder about the historical and political changes regarding the two “halves” of Europe, the crisis of the communist bloc and the end of ideology, the reference to Modernity is inevitable: the crisis of modernity is discussed – a modernity accomplished or unaccomplished. How does the literary paradigm change in this “time of mutation”? How is it expressed the search for meaning in the contemporary literature? We are the witnesses, in the literary scene, of the subject’s return and of the anthropological need of narration (the function of the narrator as a mediator of others’ stories). Through the narration of life stories, “fragmented” destinies, reinvented biographies, we can see the intention of resurrecting the “marginalia”, the traces forgotten by history: we try to give meaning to a life or to grasp a life by meaning, we try to represent the quest for a metaphysical centre through the character reliving the conflict and the dissociation between “soul and forms”. The authors use the myth: we will ask the new meaning of the representation of myth in these stories as an allegorical interpretation of contemporary and a new relationship to time; we will question its use as empty and enigmatic allegory.

No description available.

Our understanding of parliamentary politics suggests that no-confidence motions have a critical place in government continuation, reorganization and termination. More specifically, we know that opposition parties use no-confidence motions as a way of removing the government and potentially inducing early elections. Up until now, we know little about either the causes or the consequences of no-confidence motions. In this dissertation, I first develop a formal model of the conditions under which an opposition party will threaten to propose (and eventually propose) a no-confidence motion in the government. The model provides a number of intuitive observations about the behavior of opposition parties and the reactions of governments to challenges. I develop a competence-based theory where opposition parties signal their perception of the government's competence with no-confidence motions. In the game, opposition parties act both in terms of short-term gains as well as long-term electoral gains. This model provides intuitive answers that help us understand the circumstances under which the opposition will challenge the government. The model also provides empirical expectations regarding the probability that the motion is successful, in addition to its long-term electoral consequences. Next, I test the theoretical propositions regarding the occurrence of noconfidence motions on a cross-sectional time-series data set of all no-confidence motions in a sample of parliamentary democracies in the post-World War II era. Even though successful no-confidence motions are relatively rare, they can have profound consequences on policy outcomes. The next section illustrates these consequences, as I find that having a no-confidence motion proposed against them makes governments more likely to be targeted by other states in international conflicts. In the conclusion I summarize the key findings, present the broad implications for the study of parliamentary decision making, and discuss avenues for future research.

Abstract The purpose of this study is to observe the evolvement of social classes through different economic stages after the restoration of Taiwan. Also, this study applied class theory to analyze the cause of class antagonism, and view the factors of gender oppositions through the perspectives of patriarchy and feminism. The research methods applied in this study were historical research and documentary analysis and probed into whether both of them have identical quality, and if there is one approach that can solve the situation of oppositions. This article focused on the ¡§fortune,¡¨ both classes and genders have subordinate relationships due to the unequal fortune distributions. Therefore higher classes would exploit lower classes, and because of males dominate the power of economics to consolidate their patriarchy therefore cause the loss of female rights. However, it is not easy to solve these two issues. The social structure has been secured for long time. Especially the economic pattern in Taiwan deviates to capitalism, under the inter-effects of liberal economics and traditional patriarchal value, not only has created the class structure, but also let females suffer from the duplicate exploitations from labor market and family therefore are reluctant to be placed at an unequal position. The class has been altered for decades however the transition of economic structure has slowed down in recent year. The middle class didn¡¦t vanish, but steadily progressed and has a tendency of increasing. However the up-flowing channel is not that smooth. Most important is that the exploitations and conflicts between upper level classes and lower classes and the expansion of poverty gap. Therefore the government started to make improvements on the situation, not only improved the labors¡¦ rights, established labor protection acts in order to reform the unequal relationships between labors and capitals. But also re-arrange the fortune with social policies to diminish the poverty gap. As for gender issue, due to the raise of feminism, with consistent efforts of these newly formed feminist social interest groups, political and economic structure variations, and legal protections, the unequal relationships between genders has improved substantially. This article analyzed the major cause of class antagonism and gender oppositions, except for substantial rules, the most important thing of improvement is to alternation of concepts requires to be achieved through family and school education. The ultimate goal of all human beings is to create a harmonious society, though the purpose is unable to be reached in just one step, however with consistent striving, a harmonious society can be expected soon.

Diss.--Ciência política, cidadania e governação--Universidade Lusófona de humanidades e tecnologias, 2001. / Notes bibliogr.

Zugl.: Passau, Univ., Diss., 2009

M.A. dissertation, University of Hong Kong, 1976.