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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Metal Nanoparticle Synthesis by Photochemical Reduction with a High-Intensity Focused Laser Beam

Meader, Victoria K 01 January 2019 (has links)
Colloidal, metallic nanoparticles have myriad applications, but they are most ideal when they are monodisperse, and demonstrate maximum catalytic utility when they are small (< 5 nm) and uncoated; because their surface area is accessible and maximized. Laser- assisted metal nanoparticle synthesis is a ‘green’ method that has become a topic of active research because it is able to produce uncoated or ‘naked’ products. The nanoparticles synthesized in this work were formed through the reduction of metal salts in aqueous solutions; but the reducing agent is an electron-dense microplasma generated by the laser pulse interacting with the media. Because no chemical reducing agents or stabilizers are needed, the products have no surfactants. The underlying reaction mechanisms that drive this type of synthesis are generally understood, however, there is insufficient detail that would allow control over the formation of ultimate product morphologies and size distributions. The metals examined in this thesis are: gold, whose formation follows an autocatalytic rate law; and silver, whose formation follows a first-order rate law. Through my research, I was able to explore the effects that physical parameters (such as laser pulse settings) and chemical parameters (such as radical scavenger addition) have on laser-assisted gold or silver nanoparticle synthesis. My research, outlined in this thesis, is therefore focused on elucidating such details and distilling them into methods of control in order to better predict and tune nanoparticle products.
2

Analyse de l’interaction laser-matière pour la bioimpression / Laser-matter study for bioprinting

Bouter, Jerome 14 February 2019 (has links)
Chaque année, le nombre de demandeur d’organe augmente en France comme dans le reste du monde. Pour combattre ce fléau, il existe aujourd’hui des technologies permettant d’imprimer du vivant, telle que la Bioimpression Assistée par Laser (LAB). Robuste et précise, cette méthode s’appuie sur les propriétés d’interaction laser-matière pour éjecter une bio-encre constituée de cellules vivantes. Pour éviter l’utilisation d’une couche absorbante sacrificielle, généralement utilisée, on focalise directement un faisceau laser dans la bioencre afin de générer un plasma puis une bulle de cavitation. La position de cette bulle est essentiellement maitrisée pas la longueur d’onde, et sa taille est gérée par l’énergie et la durée d’impulsion du laser. Ce sont les facteurs clés pour maîtriser l’éjection de matière biologique. Cependant, l’inhomogénéité locale apportée par les cellules perturbe l’impact du laser et donc la reproductibilité des jets, mais une fois imprimées, ces cellules sont viables et permettent de reconstruire des tissus vivants. / Every year, the transplant waiting list gets bigger in France as in all over the world. To fight this curse, Bioprinting makes organ printing possible, especially with Laser Assisted Bioprinting (LAB). Robust and precise, this method use laser-matter interaction to eject a bioink made of living cells. To avoid the use of absorbing sacrificial layer, we directly focalize a laser beam into a living cells bioink, to create a plasma then a cavitation bubble. Its position, which is mainly driven by laser wavelength, and its size, managed by the energy and pulse duration, are the most important keys to control liquid jet ejection. However, the laser energy deposition and jet ejection is disturbed because of cells local concentration disparity, but when cells are printed, they are still viable and able to reconstruct living tissues.
3

Numerische Untersuchungen zum optischen Durchbruch von Femtosekunden-Laserpulsen in Wasser / Numerical investigations of the optical breakdown of femtosecond laser pulses in water

Köhler, Karsten 13 October 2010 (has links)
No description available.
4

Untersuchungen zur laserinduzierten Kavitation mit Nanosekunden- und Femtosekundenlasern / Investigations of laser-induced cavitation using nanosecond and femtosecond lasers

Geisler, Reinhard 31 October 2003 (has links)
No description available.
5

Ionisation nonlinéaire dans les matériaux diélectriques et semiconducteurs par laser femtoseconde accordable dans le proche infrarouge / Nonlinear ionization inside dielectrics and semiconductors using long wavelength femtosecond laser

Leyder, Stephanie 17 December 2013 (has links)
La microfabrication 3D par laser dans les matériaux à faible bande interdite néces- sitera l’utilisation d’impulsions intenses dans l’infrarouge proche et moyen. Cette étude expérimentale se concentre sur les spécificités de la physique d’ionisation nonlinéaire dans la gamme de longueur d’onde de 1300-2200nm. Contrairement aux semiconducteurs, l’ab- sorption nonlinéaire mesurée dans les diélectriques est indépendante de la longueur d’onde révélant ainsi l’importance accrue de l’ionisation par effet tunnel avec ces longueurs d’onde. Nous étudions également les rendements et les seuils d’ionisation multiphotonique et ava- lanche dans le silicium intrinsèque et dopé N. Les résultats couplés à l’observation des ma- tériaux irradiés montrent que les propriétés intrinsèques des semiconducteurs empêchent un dépôt d’énergie suffisamment confiné pour viser directement des applications de modifica- tion locale. Ce travail illustre les possibilités de micro-usinage laser 3D dans les diélectriques et les défis de l’extension de cette technique aux semiconducteurs. / 3D laser microfabrication inside narrow gap solids like silicon will require the use of long wavelength intense pulses. This experimental study concentrates on the specificity of the nonlinear ionization physics with tightly focused femtosecond laser beams over a wa- velength range of 1300-2200nm. The measured nonlinear absorption is independent of the wavelength in dielectrics revealing the increased importance of tunnel ionization with long wavelength. This can open up an alternative to pulse shortening toward ultraprecision op- tical breakdown in dielectrics. Using n-doped silicon, we study the multiphoton-avalanche absorption yields and thresholds inside semiconductors. Also observations of the irradia- ted materials reveal that the intrinsic properties of semiconductors prevent efficient direct energy deposition in the bulk for applications. This work illustrates opportunities for 3D laser micromachining in dielectrics and challenges for its extension to semiconductors.

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