Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:06:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 leodecioMV_DISSERT.pdf: 1344757 bytes, checksum: 467e2bc354c5aa9b1ee0a1fae078b6ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-06 / Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Norte / This dissertation aims at characterizing the practices as well as the effects of a teacher s feedback in oral conversation interaction with students in an English Language classroom at a Primary School, 6th Grade in A?u/RN, Brazil. Therefore, this study is based on Vygotsky s (1975) and Bruner?s (1976) researches, which state that the learning process is constructed through interaction between a more experienced individual (teacher, parents and friends) and a learner who plays an active role, a re-constructor of knowledge. It is also based on Ur?s (2006) and Brookhart s (2008) studies (among other authors in Applied Linguistic) who defend that the feedback process needs to be evaluative and formative since it sets interfaces with both students autonomy and learning improvement. Our study is based on qualitative, quantitative and interpretive researches, whose natural environment (the classroom) is a direct source of data generated in this research through field observations/note-taking as well as through the transcriptions of five English classes audio taped. This study shows the following results: the teacher still seems to accept the patterns of interaction in the classroom that correspond to the IRE process (Initiation, Response, Evaluation) in behaviorist patterns: (1) he speaks and determines the turns of speech; (2) the teacher asks more questions and directs the activities most of the time; (3) the teacher?s feedback presents the following types: questioning, modeling, repeated response, praise, depreciation, positive/negative and sarcasm feedback, whose functions are to assess students' performance based on the rightness and wrongness of their responses. Thus, this implies to state that the feedback does not seem to help students improvement in terms of acquiring knowledge because of its normative effects/roles. Therefore, it is the teacher?s role to give evaluative and formative feedback to a student so that he/she should advance in the learning of the language and in the construction of knowledge / O presente trabalho caracteriza as pr?ticas e os efeitos do feedback de um professor na intera??o oral com os seus alunos em sala de aula de L?ngua Inglesa em uma escola de Ensino Fundamental II, 6? Ano, em A?u/RN, Brasil. Para tanto, tomamos como base as pesquisas de Vygotsky (1975) e Bruner (1976), os quais afirmam que a aprendizagem ? constru?da por meio da intera??o entre um parceiro mais experiente (professor, pais, amigos) e o aluno, o qual exerce papel ativo reconstrutor do conhecimento, bem como os estudos de Ur (2006) e Brookhart (2008), entre outros pesquisadores em Lingu?stica Aplicada que defendem que o feedback precisa ser de tipo avaliativo formativo, uma vez que estabelece interfaces com a autonomia e o avan?o da aprendizagem do aluno. Trata-se de pesquisa de natureza qualitativa e de base interpretativista, cuja relev?ncia reside no fato de que o ambiente natural (sala de aula) ? fonte direta dos dados gerados neste estudo por meio de observa??es/anota??es de campo e de transcri??es de cinco aulas de Ingl?s gravadas em ?udio. Os resultados do estudo apontam para as seguintes constata??es: o professor parece ainda seguir padr?es de intera??o de sala de aula que atendem ao processo IRA (Inicia??o, Resposta e Avalia??o) nos moldes behavioristas: (1) ele fala mais e determina os turnos de fala; (2) o professor faz mais perguntas, bem como dirige as atividades na maior parte do tempo; (3) o feedback do professor apresenta os tipos: feedback pergunta, feedback modelo, feedback resposta repetida, feedback elogio, feedback deprecia??o, feedback avalia??o positiva/negativa e feedback sarcasmo, cujas fun??es parecem ser avaliar o desempenho dos alunos com base em acertos e erros . Isso implica dizer que o feedback, dessa forma, pode n?o ajudar o aluno a avan?ar na aquisi??o do conhecimento pelo seu valor avaliativo normativo. Assim sendo, cabe ao professor fornecer feedback avaliativo formativo ao estudante no sentido de que ele possa avan?ar na aprendizagem da linguagem e na constru??o do conhecimento

L’objectif principal de cette thèse est de produire un inventaire des ressources langagières que des élèves de cours élémentaire mobilisent pour parler des couleurs, des bruits et des odeurs dans un oral qui se rapproche de l’oral conversationnel et dans des situations de type scolaire. Nous retraçons d’abord les débats qui ont eu lieu à propos des sensations entre les universalistes et les tenants d’une prise en compte des situations hétérogènes, ce qui justifie notre choix de ce domaine. Puis nous dégageons les enjeux sociaux de l’opposition entre langue scolaire et français ordinaire, ce qui nous a conduit à construire deux situations d’enquête. Nous avons procédé à 10h d’enregistrements réalisés en triades en présence des référents [échantillons d’odeurs, de couleurs et de bruits]. Le cadre était relativement informel, et les tâches n’impliquaient pas que le langage soit l’objet d’une attention particulière. Nous avons complété le premier corpus en procédant à des exercices de type scolaire en face à face avec l’enquêteur. Dans les deux cas, le protocole de recueil a permis d’aboutir à des séries relativement homogènes permettant des comparaisons entre les performances des élèves. Globalement, nos analyses permettent d’apprécier l’écart entre la petite quantité de mots actualisés dans des structures syntaxiques répétitives et les ressources de la langue « seconde » de l’école ; elles montrent aussi une série de décalages intéressants avec les axes de nominations privilégiés par les adultes. Enfin, nous avons souligné l’intérêt didactique qu’il y aurait à travailler sur la phraséologie comme interface entre langue, discours et culture. / The aim of this thesis is to identify the linguistic strategies used by the primary school pupils to talk about colors, sounds and smells through oral conversations and in “school-situations”. We adopt a context-dependent point of view, capable of handling heterogeneous situations, cultural determination and dynamic discourses. This approach emphasizes the social stakes of the opposition between ordinary French language and “school-language”. Two surveys have been taken and lead on two corpora. The first corpus consists of ten hours recordings of rather informal interactions, which do not posit language as a focus-on subject. Pupils were performing tasks based on samples of colors, smells and sounds. We added this first corpus with scholar exercises face to face the investigator. This second corpus consists of classroom tasks aiming at highlighting the difficulties that pupils may encounter in naming these sensations. We have obtained relatively homogeneous series allowing contrast the discourse performance of pupils. Globally, the study points out a gap between the small number of words used by pupils in repeated syntactic structures and the richness of lexical resources of “school-language”; it also shows a series of differences between the denominative strategies used by children and those preferred by adults. Finally, we stressed the didactic interest to study phraseology as an interface between language, discourse and culture.