The purpose of this study was to examine if there was a relation between birth order, gender and locus of control. There where 162 participants in the study, 44 men, 115 women. Birth order was coded into three levels. There where no significant differences between birth order and locus of control. The result showed that female participants where more external when it came to locus of control. When birth order was coded into two levels, there was a significant difference in locus of control. Only-borns where significant more internal than the other sibling groups. Firstborns/ only-borns where significant more internal than both second-born and last-borns. There was no interaction effect between birth order and gender. Adler´s sibling theories and Rotter´s theory of locus of control helped to explain the significant results found in this study.

This paper aims to first develop a model that analyzes how investors place orders in an order driven market. In this model, investors have different share evaluations and information is asymmetric. Private information is short-lived, and types of orders include a market order and a limit order. A market with or without bid-ask prices can influence investors¡¦ choices when submitting market orders. Hence, we discuss two kinds of market conditions in the first model. The first condition is a market with bid-ask prices, and the second is a market without bid-ask prices. Secondly, we develop an integrated model to analyze how an informed trader optimally chooses any combination of a market buy, market sell, limit buy and limit sell. In this model the informed trader observes the terminal value of a security. Then, the trader makes a choice of orders to submit under a market with bid-ask prices. As for the first model, there are some results in the first condition. At equilibrium, the optimal price of a limit order placed by an uninformed trader is related to the difference in share valuation and to adverse selection. The uninformed trader will request adverse selection risk premium, and the risk premium is related to the proportion of informed traders in the market and the value of private information. At this moment, informed traders get information benefits by submitting market orders. The information benefits are related to the difference in share valuation and the value of private information. On the other hand, we have found that informed traders will also experience adverse selection problem when placing limit orders and request risk premiums in limit prices. Informed traders¡¦ limit orders will be executed with the market orders of informed and uninformed traders who will be submitting next. The adverse selection risk of informed traders¡¦ limit orders is only related to private information value if uninformed traders don¡¦t place market orders. However, when uninformed traders submit only market orders, the adverse selection risk is related to the ratio of informed traders and private information value. From the first model, our results indicate the behaviors of informed traders who cannot submit market orders under a market with private information are short-lived like those of uninformed traders. However, we would like to know if an informed trader may submit a limit order. In the second model, in order to get information profit, the informed trader submits not only a market order, but also a limit order, even if the market has bid-ask prices and private information is not short-lived again. A combination of market-limit orders is more profitable than only a market order. In addition, limit orders enhance the profitability of market orders by reducing their losses in bad states. Finally, we obtain the result of price improvement for market orders.

<p>The purpose of this study was to examine if there was a relation between birth order, gender and locus of control. There where 162 participants in the study, 44 men, 115 women. Birth order was coded into three levels. There where no significant differences between birth order and locus of control. The result showed that female participants where more external when it came to locus of control. When birth order was coded into two levels, there was a significant difference in locus of control. Only-borns where significant more internal than the other sibling groups. Firstborns/ only-borns where significant more internal than both second-born and last-borns. There was no interaction effect between birth order and gender. Adler´s sibling theories and Rotter´s theory of locus of control helped to explain the significant results found in this study.</p>

The intention of this master´s thesis is to analyze order processing in chosen company with focusing on sales activities. Subjects of our investigation are sales department processes. Object of the research is company AHP HYDRAULIKA, a. s. and it´s sales department. In the thesis are identified failure processes and contributions of this diploma´s thesis are specific proposals how to improve activities and processes at the sales department and elimination of insufficient and failure processes.

The diploma thesis „The Study of During the Contract in Company“ focuses on the analysis of order processing in the company, from accepting the order to expedition of the final product. The aim of the thesis is to observe and analyse the order processing in the company based on theoretical knowledge and determine weak spots in this process. The thesis contains specific proposals on how to eliminate these weak spots and improve this process.

Using NASDAQ high frequency trading (HFT) and minute-by-minute Limit Order Book (LOB) data over 120 sample stocks in 10 weeks between 2008-2010, including the week of the Lehman Brothers crisis, we study how trading activities of HFTs, NHFTs (Non-HFTs) and their order placements interact, and affect overall market quality. We capture order placements via the depth (step) and the height (price) dimensions along the LOB. We first document that HFTs are active not only at the top of the LOB, but their orders are placed along the LOB with an average around the 5th step, slightly ahead of NHFTs who on average are close to the 6th step. Generally, both HFTs and NHFTs are more aggressive in order placement with large stocks and hidden orders and HFT orders are further ahead during the crisis week, though price-wise they all back off somewhat with more conservative placements by NHFTs. In market turmoil, whenever HFTs see NHFTs trade among themselves, they become less aggressive in order placement. However, when HFTs trade, other HFT orders become more aggressive by moving ahead. On the contrary, NHFTs generally become more aggressive when other NHFTs supply liquidity in trading, and more conservative when HFTs are the supplier. We find mixed results on the impact of HFTs order placements and trading activities on market quality by different measures, but aggressive orders by HFTs and NHFTs both are related with decreases in short-term market volatility. Our findings highlight the importance of not only studying HFTs and NHFTs activities along the LOB, but also in both depth and height dimensions, instead of only at the market inside quotes.

<p> Neutron diffraction techniques have been used to determine the chemical and magnetic order in a single crystal of the Heusler alloy Ni2Mn0.8v0.2sn. This material orders in the Heusler L21 structure and is ferromagnetic. Nuclear Bragg scattering intensity ratios have been measured at 298 K and compared with nuclear structure factor calculations based on a model of the crystal structure. This comparison is used to determine chemical disorder. Magnetic Bragg scattering intensity ratios have been measured at 117 K. These ratios, along with bulk magnetization measurements, are used to determine the spatial distribution of the magnetic moment. The crystal is found to have the L21 structure with possibly 5% or so Ni-Sn disorder. Nearly all of the magnetic moment, which is 3.19 ± .03 μ8/mol, is found to exist on the Mn-V sites. The rest is present on the Sn atoms. The values 3.74 ± .10 μ8/Mn atom and .21 ± .08 μ8/Sn atom result from assuming the V atoms carry no moment. </p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

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