The subject of drug and alcohol abuse on college campuses across the country is the concern of many college administrators. There exists a relatively high consumption pattern of drug and alcohol abuse among college students when compared to the general population. This pattern of alcohol abuse has remained stable despite the presence of substance abuse programs on campuses that are specifically targeted toward the student population. There exists little research on how these programs operate and how they address the problem of substance abuse on campuses. Most of the research that exists is of survey design. This study examined through a descriptive case study, the substance abuse programs in three public universities in Oregon. The study used descriptive case study to describe what components comprised the programs as well as how the programs functioned under the various organizational structures. Three organizational structures were identified. The first university's organizational structure was under the health center, both administratively and physically. The second university studied had part of the program under the counseling center and other components under the athletic department and the health center. The third university had what was termed as a de-centralized structure, with the treatment component under the health center, the prevention component under an academic department, and the peer education component under the health center. The various organizational structures were also examined for their influence on the respective program. The 1989 Drug-Free Schools and Campuses Act Amendment, required institutions of higher education receiving federal funds to have programs. The impact of the Act on both the program and the organizational structure of the program was also examined. The study demonstrated an impact of the legislation on the programs in the form of funding that made possible new services. The study also suggested an influence of the organizational structure on the programs in the form of the funding of new program components that changed the organizational structure. Implications for programming as well as research as a result of this study's findings are presented. Recommendations for program models are also presented. / Graduation date: 1994

The move from hazardous waste management to pollution prevention is viewed as a paradigm shift in American industry. Pollution prevention involves source reduction to reduce the amount of hazardous waste that is generated, and recycling of those wastes that cannot be prevented within the production process. The first piece of federal pollution prevention legislation was enacted in 1990. Subsequently, six states have passed similar laws that require industries producing hazardous waste to shift to less polluting practices. The Oregon Toxics Use Reduction and Hazardous Waste Reduction Act of 1989 requires businesses to develop and implement a hazardous waste reduction plan that reduces not only the amount of hazardous waste generated, but also the type and amount of materials classified as "toxic". Within the geographical region of Oregon, California, Washington, Alaska, and Idaho, only four studies exist that have researched waste reduction opportunities in the automobile industry. The purpose of this study was: 1) to determine the number of Small Quantity Hazardous Waste Generators within the Oregon automobile dealership industry, 2) to determine the amount of used radiator coolant and used crankcase oil that is generated by Oregon dealerships (two waste streams that are not being tracked by the regulatory community), 3) to compare the waste disposal practices of urban and rural facilities, and 4) to develop a "Model" Toxics Use Reduction and Hazardous Waste Reduction Plan to be used in regional training sessions. Based on a 74% rate of return (160 out of 215 dealerships), the results indicated that the gross quantities of the materials investigated (solvents, used oil, and used antifreeze) were greater in urban dealerships. These differences were not significant when quantities of material were standardized to the number of repair orders written. Urban dealerships generate 0.462 gallons of used oil per repair order written and rural dealerships generate 0.481 gallons. Urban dealerships also generate 0.209 pounds of hazardous waste for each repair order while rural dealerships generate 0.412 pounds. The data were used to develop a "Model" Toxics Use Reduction and Hazardous Waste Reduction Plan for this industry. The plan, which was published by the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ), provides dealerships and the entire automobile repair industry with a step by step guideline to comply with Oregon law in reducing the amount of toxic materials used and hazardous waste generated. / Graduation date: 1994

Graduation date: 2006 / This study investigated whether a device commonly used to measure settlement of mussel larvae for ecological studies, the Tuffy™, functions uniformly whether placed in a bed of filamentous algae or on bare rock. During the summers of 2004 and 2005, the number of mussel larvae settling on Tuffys in patches of the filamentous algae Endocladia muricata and Neorhodomela larix, known to be natural substrata for settlement of mussels, was shown to be the same as on Tuffys on adjacent patches of bare rock. The data provide no evidence that adjacent filamentous algae affects settlement to Tuffys and support the utility of this technique for measuring the intensity of larval settlement.

Graduation date: 1991

Graduation date: 1991

Approximately one quarter of America's students leave school prior to graduation. Teaching practices need to be examined if schools are to effectively deal with the student population. at highest risk of dropping out. The purpose of this study was to investigate the attending behaviors high school teachers directed to students at high risk of dropping out, and to students not so identified. A survey of the literature provided an overview of related studies which addressed the number of students who drop out, their reasons for doing so, and alternative programs for those who have left school. Not found in abundance were studies linking teachers' classroom behaviors with effective at risk strategies. Data regarding teachers' verbal and nonverbal attending behaviors were gathered in twenty classrooms. The resulting totals for all at risk and control groups were nearly equal. However, the types of attending behaviors directed to the two groups were qualitatively different. At risk students were praised one third as often but were criticized seven times as often as their control group counterparts. Additionally, at risk students' attention getting behaviors were ignored seven times as often, and they were physically approached half as often as control group students. Anecdotal data revealed contrasting classroom atmospheres. Some classes were greeted at the door and were praised by their teachers. Other teachers chastised classes, spoke negatively about them, or showed little or no interaction with students in them. / Graduation date: 1991

Occupational injury and illness rates are used by employers and regulatory agencies to monitor the health and safety of workers. Changes in the rates are interpreted to reflect actions taken or not taken by the employer. The purpose of this study was to delineate external factors, those factors outside the control of employers, which influence occupational injury and illness rates. The results of this study are useful in interpreting changes in the occupational injury and illness rates as a function of changes in the external factors. A review of the literature provided information on the type of external forces which would be expected to influence occupational injury/illness rates. The factors selected for the data analysis included economic indicators, regulatory budget and performance measures, firm size, and leniency in workers' compensation claim determination as measured by the proportion of denied claims. Data were collected on the injury/illness incidence, lost workday case incidence, and lost workday rates for the state of Oregon for 1978 through 1987. Multiple linear regression models were constructed for each of the injury/illness rates using a step-down variable selection process to determine the predictor variables for each model. Separate models were constructed for each dependent variable using the values of the predictor variables for the same year and for the preceding year. The results supported the hypotheses that the unemployment rate, gross state product, number of serious violations cited by OSHA, and percentage of claims denied by the Workers' Compensation Board influence occupational injury and illness rates. Total OSHA expenditures and the number of inspections conducted by OSHA in a given year demonstrated positive relationships with lost workday cases incidence and injury/illness incidence rates, respectively; the positive associations were contrary to the hypothesized relationships. Models can be constructed using data on external factors to predict injury/illness incidence, lost workday case incidence, and lost workday rates. The unemployment rate was the most useful variable in predicting occupational injury and illness rates. / Graduation date: 1991

Western Oregon is home to native Rhododendron species and is the center for cultivated Rhododendron production in the United States. These Rhododendron spp. are known to be infected with fungal endophytes. However, the community structure of these endophytes in native and cultivated Rhododendron is poorly understood. Our study targeted the foliar fungal endophyte communities of two native Rhododendron spp. and two non-native commercially cultivated Rhododendron varieties. Parallel culturedependent (fungal isolation and identification based on ITS sequencing) and cultureindependent sequencing approaches (metagenomic sequencing of the ITS region using 454 pyrosequencing) were employed, and results provided evidence of distinctly different community structure in each host species. Additionally, results indicated higher diversity among cultivated and nursery grown Rhododendron. This suggests that the close proximity of the nurseries sampled to the forest environment allows exposure to two distinct sources of endophyte infection. Together, our results show the importance of host identity and environment in structuring the associated endophyte communities. / Graduation date: 2013

Pergamasus quisquiliarum Canestini is a polyphagous predatory mite that has been shown to feed on the economically important arthropod, Scutigerella immaculata Newport (Symphyla: Scutigerellidae), Collembola, Diptera larvae, Enchytraeid worms, and miscellaneous other soil organisms. This study examined the feeding behavior of P. quisquiliarum, the effects of cover cropping and tillage practices on P. quisquiliarum populations, the biology and ecology of P. quisquiliarum in agricultural and non-agricultural sites, and the seasonal dynamics of P. quisquiliarum. The interaction of cover crop and tillage treatment was statistically significant for P. quisquiliarum populations (P<0.001). Tillage treatment was the primary factor for P. quisquiliarum populations, as very low densities of P. quisquiliarum were recovered from green manure plots, regardless of the cover crop treatment. Among no-till plots, Monida oats had the greatest densities of P. quisquiliarum, while control (fallow) and white mustard plots had the lowest densities. The two non-agricultural sites had higher densities of P. quisquiliarum than the agricultural site. Among the non-agricultural sites, P. quisquiliarum density was higher in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco) litter than in Oregon white oak litter (Quercus garryana Dougl.), suggesting that the nature of the chemical and physical micro-environment was more suitable under Douglas-fir trees. In all sites, P. quisquiliarum attained it's greatest density in August, with a second peak in October. Minimum P. quisquiliarum densities were observed in January and February. Seasonal P. quisquiliarum densities were significantly synchronized with seasonal dynamics of it's prey items. / Graduation date: 1998

The purposes of the study were to: 1) evaluate health knowledge competencies, 2) assess health skills, and 3) determine interrelationships among health knowledge, health skills, and self-reported behavioral demographic variables for Oregon entry-level college freshmen who had graduated from Oregon schools. An instrument, the "Health Education Survey," was developed with the assistance of two Delphi panels, consisting of (1) nationally known health educators and (2) recognized Oregon health educators. The first panel contributed to the health knowledge competency part of the survey, including issues of community health, consumer health, environmental health, family life, mental and emotional health, injury prevention and safety, nutrition, personal health, prevention and control of disease, and substance use and abuse. The second panel contributed to the health skills part of the survey, including safe-living, stressor/risk-taking management, physical fitness, and nutrition, as defined by the Oregon Department of Education. Based upon health information derived from the first two parts, the third survey section considered various demographic and behavioral variables, including substance use, eating habits, and physical fitness. The data derived from administration of the survey were evaluated by criterion- referenced and empirical (analysis of variance, t-test, chi-square) measurements at the .05 alpha level of significance. Data analysis disclosed that: 1) the subjects did not meet the 85% mastery standard for criterion-referenced measures for any of the health knowledge competencies or essential health skills; 2) there were significant differences among the subjects for the content areas of consumer health and the health skills of safe-living, physical fitness, and nutrition, as well as the behavioral areas of marijuana use, fitness level, and wearing auto seatbelts; and 3) gender differences existed for the content areas of family life and nutrition. From analysis of the research findings, it was recommended that there is need for additional collaboration among secondary school health educators, education and health agencies, and appropriate higher education personnel to improve the health knowledge and skill needs of Oregon students. It was suggested that cooperative efforts at the secondary and university level to form coordinated, on-going evaluation and research projects would be one means to achieve this goal. / Graduation date: 1992