1 |
N-Nachlieferungspotenzial an zwei PfirsichstandortenBirth, Volker 27 February 2018 (has links) (PDF)
Ein wichtiger Aspekt bei der Kultur von Pfirsichen (Prunus persica) ist die optimale, bedarfsgerechte N-Versorgung. Durch diese werden Höhe und Qualität der Erträge sowie die Gesundheit der Pflanzen beeinflusst, aber auch unerwünschte Effekte auf die Umwelt vermieden. Ziel der Arbeit waren daher Empfehlungen zur zukünftigen Handhabung der N-Versorgung an zwei Beispielstandorten und zur praktikabelsten Kulturweise. Es wurden Nmin-Bestimmungen, Inkubationsversuche und Thermogravimetrische Bodenanalysen durchgeführt, um die N-Nachlieferung aus der organischen Bodensubstanz an den Standorten zu beschreiben. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine deutliche Überversorgung der Kultur im Hausgarten auf - die Pfirsiche auf der untersuchten Obstwiese sind hingegen optimal mit N versorgt. Empfohlen wird deshalb eine Reduzierung der organischen Düngung im Hausgarten, verbunden mit einem Verzicht auf frisches organisches Schnittmaterial als Dünger. Bei der Pfirsichkultur auf der Obstwiese ist die Einführung von Mulchmaßnahmen überlegenswert. Der Standort mit begrünter Bodenoberfläche ist gegenüber dem Hausgarten mit offener Bodenoberfläche vorzuziehen, da die N-Nachlieferung bei einer Begrünung einfacher handhabbar ist und weniger Risiken hinsichtlich einer N-Überversorgung vorhanden sind. / An important aspect in the cultivation of peaches (Prunus persica) is the optimal, demand-oriented N-supply. This influences the amount and quality of yields and the health of the plants, but also prevents undesirable effects on the environment. The aim of the work was therefore to make recommendations for future use of the N-supply at two sample locations and for the most practicable cultivation method. Nmin determinations, incubation experiments and thermogravimetric soil analyses were carried out to describe the N-supply from the organic soil substance at the sites. The results show a clear oversupply of the crop in the house garden - the peaches on the investigated fruit meadow, on the other hand, are optimally supplied with N. Therefore, it is recommended to reduce the amount of organic fertiliser in the garden, combined with the elimination of fresh organic cuttings as fertiliser. In peach cultivation on the fruit meadow, the introduction of mulching methods is worth considering. The location with a planted ground surface is preferable to the garden with an open ground surface, as the N-supply is easier to handle if greenery is present and there are fewer risks with regard to an N-oversupply.
|
2 |
N-Nachlieferungspotenzial an zwei PfirsichstandortenBirth, Volker 23 July 2015 (has links)
Ein wichtiger Aspekt bei der Kultur von Pfirsichen (Prunus persica) ist die optimale, bedarfsgerechte N-Versorgung. Durch diese werden Höhe und Qualität der Erträge sowie die Gesundheit der Pflanzen beeinflusst, aber auch unerwünschte Effekte auf die Umwelt vermieden. Ziel der Arbeit waren daher Empfehlungen zur zukünftigen Handhabung der N-Versorgung an zwei Beispielstandorten und zur praktikabelsten Kulturweise. Es wurden Nmin-Bestimmungen, Inkubationsversuche und Thermogravimetrische Bodenanalysen durchgeführt, um die N-Nachlieferung aus der organischen Bodensubstanz an den Standorten zu beschreiben. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine deutliche Überversorgung der Kultur im Hausgarten auf - die Pfirsiche auf der untersuchten Obstwiese sind hingegen optimal mit N versorgt. Empfohlen wird deshalb eine Reduzierung der organischen Düngung im Hausgarten, verbunden mit einem Verzicht auf frisches organisches Schnittmaterial als Dünger. Bei der Pfirsichkultur auf der Obstwiese ist die Einführung von Mulchmaßnahmen überlegenswert. Der Standort mit begrünter Bodenoberfläche ist gegenüber dem Hausgarten mit offener Bodenoberfläche vorzuziehen, da die N-Nachlieferung bei einer Begrünung einfacher handhabbar ist und weniger Risiken hinsichtlich einer N-Überversorgung vorhanden sind. / An important aspect in the cultivation of peaches (Prunus persica) is the optimal, demand-oriented N-supply. This influences the amount and quality of yields and the health of the plants, but also prevents undesirable effects on the environment. The aim of the work was therefore to make recommendations for future use of the N-supply at two sample locations and for the most practicable cultivation method. Nmin determinations, incubation experiments and thermogravimetric soil analyses were carried out to describe the N-supply from the organic soil substance at the sites. The results show a clear oversupply of the crop in the house garden - the peaches on the investigated fruit meadow, on the other hand, are optimally supplied with N. Therefore, it is recommended to reduce the amount of organic fertiliser in the garden, combined with the elimination of fresh organic cuttings as fertiliser. In peach cultivation on the fruit meadow, the introduction of mulching methods is worth considering. The location with a planted ground surface is preferable to the garden with an open ground surface, as the N-supply is easier to handle if greenery is present and there are fewer risks with regard to an N-oversupply.
|
3 |
Indicadores microbiológicos e bioquímicos da qualidade do solo em transição para cultivo orgânico de feijoeiro comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) / Microbiological and biochemical indicators of the quality of ground transitioning to organic cultivation of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)ROSA, Joyce Rover 30 May 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:16:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Joyce Rover.pdf: 514538 bytes, checksum: aaa943196dccf7fe52627b0d975e29e2 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2009-05-30 / The soil quality indicators analyses during and after the transition period of
conventional to organic production system are very important to evaluated the
sustainability of agricultural systems. Soil microbiological and biochemical indicators
shall quickly indicate changes occurred on both, soil management and production
systems. The objective of this work was to evaluated shifts on microbiological and
biochemical soil indicators of a conventional common bean production system in
transition to an organic system, under conventional and non-tillage soil management
systems after cover crops. Total enzymatic activity (AET), betaglucosidase activity
(betaglucosidase), acid fosfatase activity (fosfatase), carbon (CBM) and nitrogen
(NBM) of the microbial biomass, the basal soil respiration (RBS) and the metabolic
quotient (qCO2) were evaluated on soil samples collected at tillage common bean cycle.
The experiment was carried out at Embrapa Rice and Beans, in Santo Antônio de Goiás
GO, and it was also collected soil samples in a secondary forest area close to the
experiment to be used as a reference. The content of carbon and nitrogen of the soil
microbial biomass, as well as, microbial and enzymatic activities in conventional and
non-tillage systems were independent of the cover crop specie used. Under the
experimental conditions, the soil management systems did not show effect in the
enzymatic and microbial soil activities. The total and acid fosfatase enzymatic activities
of the cropped soils were lower than in the forest soil. The betaglucosidase enzymatic
activity was higher in cropped soil than under forest soil in the raining season and lower
in the dry season. The soil tillage performed before common bean sowing promoted
shifts on the CO2 efflux from soil to the atmosphere, which was verified by an increase
on both, basal soil respiration and metabolic quotient. / A análise da qualidade do solo durante e após o período de transição de um sistema
produtivo convencional para um sistema orgânico é importante como indicador de
sustentabilidade. Indicadores microbiológicos e bioquímicos da qualidade do solo
devem responder rapidamente a mudanças no manejo e alterações nos sistemas de
produção. Assim, este experimento teve como objetivo avaliar as alterações nos
indicadores microbiológicos e bioquímicos do solo em um sistema de produção em
transição para cultivo orgânico do feijoeiro comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), sob sistema
de preparo convencional (SPC) e direto (SPD) do solo, após o manejo de diferentes
plantas de cobertura de solo. Avaliaram-se a atividade enzimática total (AET), a
atividade de betaglicosidase (β-glicosidase) e de fosfatase ácida (Fosfatase), o carbono
(CBM) e o nitrogênio (NBM) da biomassa microbiana, a respiração basal do solo (RBS)
e o quociente metabólico (qCO2) em amostras de solo coletadas durante o ciclo de
cultivo do feijoeiro comum. O experimento foi conduzido na Embrapa Arroz e Feijão,
em Santo Antônio de Goiás GO e área de mata nativa próxima ao ensaio foi utilizada
como referência. O teor de carbono e nitrogênio da biomassa microbiana no solo, assim
como de atividades microbianas e enzimáticas avaliadas, tanto sob SPD quanto sob
SPC, foi independente da espécie de planta de cobertura de solo utilizada. Nas
condições testadas, o sistema de preparo de solo não teve influência na atividade das
enzimas do solo e nem na atividade microbiana do solo. No solo agricultável testado, a
atividade enzimática total e de fosfatase ácida foi menor do que em solo não
agricultável. No período chuvoso, a atividade de betaglicosidase foi maior em solo
agricultável do que em solo não agricultável e menor no período seco. O preparo do
solo para a semeadura do feijoeiro comum provocou aumento da perda de gás
carbônico, verificado em decorrência de aumento na respiração basal do solo e no
quociente metabólico.
|
Page generated in 0.0768 seconds