Ein wichtiger Aspekt bei der Kultur von Pfirsichen (Prunus persica) ist die optimale, bedarfsgerechte N-Versorgung. Durch diese werden Höhe und Qualität der Erträge sowie die Gesundheit der Pflanzen beeinflusst, aber auch unerwünschte Effekte auf die Umwelt vermieden. Ziel der Arbeit waren daher Empfehlungen zur zukünftigen Handhabung der N-Versorgung an zwei Beispielstandorten und zur praktikabelsten Kulturweise. Es wurden Nmin-Bestimmungen, Inkubationsversuche und Thermogravimetrische Bodenanalysen durchgeführt, um die N-Nachlieferung aus der organischen Bodensubstanz an den Standorten zu beschreiben. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine deutliche Überversorgung der Kultur im Hausgarten auf - die Pfirsiche auf der untersuchten Obstwiese sind hingegen optimal mit N versorgt. Empfohlen wird deshalb eine Reduzierung der organischen Düngung im Hausgarten, verbunden mit einem Verzicht auf frisches organisches Schnittmaterial als Dünger. Bei der Pfirsichkultur auf der Obstwiese ist die Einführung von Mulchmaßnahmen überlegenswert. Der Standort mit begrünter Bodenoberfläche ist gegenüber dem Hausgarten mit offener Bodenoberfläche vorzuziehen, da die N-Nachlieferung bei einer Begrünung einfacher handhabbar ist und weniger Risiken hinsichtlich einer N-Überversorgung vorhanden sind. / An important aspect in the cultivation of peaches (Prunus persica) is the optimal, demand-oriented N-supply. This influences the amount and quality of yields and the health of the plants, but also prevents undesirable effects on the environment. The aim of the work was therefore to make recommendations for future use of the N-supply at two sample locations and for the most practicable cultivation method. Nmin determinations, incubation experiments and thermogravimetric soil analyses were carried out to describe the N-supply from the organic soil substance at the sites. The results show a clear oversupply of the crop in the house garden - the peaches on the investigated fruit meadow, on the other hand, are optimally supplied with N. Therefore, it is recommended to reduce the amount of organic fertiliser in the garden, combined with the elimination of fresh organic cuttings as fertiliser. In peach cultivation on the fruit meadow, the introduction of mulching methods is worth considering. The location with a planted ground surface is preferable to the garden with an open ground surface, as the N-supply is easier to handle if greenery is present and there are fewer risks with regard to an N-oversupply.

Ein wichtiger Aspekt bei der Kultur von Pfirsichen (Prunus persica) ist die optimale, bedarfsgerechte N-Versorgung. Durch diese werden Höhe und Qualität der Erträge sowie die Gesundheit der Pflanzen beeinflusst, aber auch unerwünschte Effekte auf die Umwelt vermieden. Ziel der Arbeit waren daher Empfehlungen zur zukünftigen Handhabung der N-Versorgung an zwei Beispielstandorten und zur praktikabelsten Kulturweise. Es wurden Nmin-Bestimmungen, Inkubationsversuche und Thermogravimetrische Bodenanalysen durchgeführt, um die N-Nachlieferung aus der organischen Bodensubstanz an den Standorten zu beschreiben. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine deutliche Überversorgung der Kultur im Hausgarten auf - die Pfirsiche auf der untersuchten Obstwiese sind hingegen optimal mit N versorgt. Empfohlen wird deshalb eine Reduzierung der organischen Düngung im Hausgarten, verbunden mit einem Verzicht auf frisches organisches Schnittmaterial als Dünger. Bei der Pfirsichkultur auf der Obstwiese ist die Einführung von Mulchmaßnahmen überlegenswert. Der Standort mit begrünter Bodenoberfläche ist gegenüber dem Hausgarten mit offener Bodenoberfläche vorzuziehen, da die N-Nachlieferung bei einer Begrünung einfacher handhabbar ist und weniger Risiken hinsichtlich einer N-Überversorgung vorhanden sind. / An important aspect in the cultivation of peaches (Prunus persica) is the optimal, demand-oriented N-supply. This influences the amount and quality of yields and the health of the plants, but also prevents undesirable effects on the environment. The aim of the work was therefore to make recommendations for future use of the N-supply at two sample locations and for the most practicable cultivation method. Nmin determinations, incubation experiments and thermogravimetric soil analyses were carried out to describe the N-supply from the organic soil substance at the sites. The results show a clear oversupply of the crop in the house garden - the peaches on the investigated fruit meadow, on the other hand, are optimally supplied with N. Therefore, it is recommended to reduce the amount of organic fertiliser in the garden, combined with the elimination of fresh organic cuttings as fertiliser. In peach cultivation on the fruit meadow, the introduction of mulching methods is worth considering. The location with a planted ground surface is preferable to the garden with an open ground surface, as the N-supply is easier to handle if greenery is present and there are fewer risks with regard to an N-oversupply.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:16:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joyce Rover.pdf: 514538 bytes, checksum: aaa943196dccf7fe52627b0d975e29e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-30 / The soil quality indicators analyses during and after the transition period of conventional to organic production system are very important to evaluated the sustainability of agricultural systems. Soil microbiological and biochemical indicators shall quickly indicate changes occurred on both, soil management and production systems. The objective of this work was to evaluated shifts on microbiological and biochemical soil indicators of a conventional common bean production system in transition to an organic system, under conventional and non-tillage soil management systems after cover crops. Total enzymatic activity (AET), betaglucosidase activity (betaglucosidase), acid fosfatase activity (fosfatase), carbon (CBM) and nitrogen (NBM) of the microbial biomass, the basal soil respiration (RBS) and the metabolic quotient (qCO2) were evaluated on soil samples collected at tillage common bean cycle. The experiment was carried out at Embrapa Rice and Beans, in Santo Antônio de Goiás GO, and it was also collected soil samples in a secondary forest area close to the experiment to be used as a reference. The content of carbon and nitrogen of the soil microbial biomass, as well as, microbial and enzymatic activities in conventional and non-tillage systems were independent of the cover crop specie used. Under the experimental conditions, the soil management systems did not show effect in the enzymatic and microbial soil activities. The total and acid fosfatase enzymatic activities of the cropped soils were lower than in the forest soil. The betaglucosidase enzymatic activity was higher in cropped soil than under forest soil in the raining season and lower in the dry season. The soil tillage performed before common bean sowing promoted shifts on the CO2 efflux from soil to the atmosphere, which was verified by an increase on both, basal soil respiration and metabolic quotient. / A análise da qualidade do solo durante e após o período de transição de um sistema produtivo convencional para um sistema orgânico é importante como indicador de sustentabilidade. Indicadores microbiológicos e bioquímicos da qualidade do solo devem responder rapidamente a mudanças no manejo e alterações nos sistemas de produção. Assim, este experimento teve como objetivo avaliar as alterações nos indicadores microbiológicos e bioquímicos do solo em um sistema de produção em transição para cultivo orgânico do feijoeiro comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), sob sistema de preparo convencional (SPC) e direto (SPD) do solo, após o manejo de diferentes plantas de cobertura de solo. Avaliaram-se a atividade enzimática total (AET), a atividade de betaglicosidase (β-glicosidase) e de fosfatase ácida (Fosfatase), o carbono (CBM) e o nitrogênio (NBM) da biomassa microbiana, a respiração basal do solo (RBS) e o quociente metabólico (qCO2) em amostras de solo coletadas durante o ciclo de cultivo do feijoeiro comum. O experimento foi conduzido na Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, em Santo Antônio de Goiás GO e área de mata nativa próxima ao ensaio foi utilizada como referência. O teor de carbono e nitrogênio da biomassa microbiana no solo, assim como de atividades microbianas e enzimáticas avaliadas, tanto sob SPD quanto sob SPC, foi independente da espécie de planta de cobertura de solo utilizada. Nas condições testadas, o sistema de preparo de solo não teve influência na atividade das enzimas do solo e nem na atividade microbiana do solo. No solo agricultável testado, a atividade enzimática total e de fosfatase ácida foi menor do que em solo não agricultável. No período chuvoso, a atividade de betaglicosidase foi maior em solo agricultável do que em solo não agricultável e menor no período seco. O preparo do solo para a semeadura do feijoeiro comum provocou aumento da perda de gás carbônico, verificado em decorrência de aumento na respiração basal do solo e no quociente metabólico.