In recent years, there is a significant change in consumers¡¦ cognition and values owing to the transition of financial conditions, and a sort of more diversified financial service is demanded to cater for their needs. Since the openness of financial market in 1990, our human resources of professional intellect never reach the anticipated level of advance because no appropriate regulation on the running tactics of financial institutions is made, besides the want of foresighted projects on financial market, ethical climate in financial institutions, definite and concrete reconstruction of organizational commitment. As a result, financial proprietors surged into the market upon the openness, forming a superficial feature of flourishing development; on the other hand, the deteriorating competition behind the prosperity causes trust-granting quality to go down and consequently the rate and amount of overdue loan to go higher and higher. In the meanwhile, the opportunities of nationally economic development get corrupted. Many researches prove the ethical climate and organizational commitment do have effect on organizational citizenship. This research is aimed to find out the degree the trust-granting staff¡¦s ethical climate and organizational commitment influence the organizational citizenship by studying the personal characteristics and position properties. It also expects follow-up researches will further probe into the difference and correlation between the ethical climate and organizational commitment of the trust-granting staff with the final say in order to build more positive and active ones, so as to enhance a more positive trust¡Vgranting attitude and behavior. Taking trust-granting staff of financial institutions in Kaohsiung-Pingtung area as subjects, this research gave out 125 copies of questionnaire and recovered 120 effective. With fidelity analysis, descriptive analysis, factor analysis, single factor variance analysis, Pierson correlation analysis, and typical correlation analysis, we can conclude as follows. 1. Subjects¡¦ research variances are: (1) Ethical climate: legislative orientation, care orientation, and independent judgment. (2) Organizational commitment: affectional commitment, continuous commitment, and moral commitment. (3) Organizational citizenship: the manifestation of both cognition or attitude in terms of sticking to own duty and organizational public welfare lies above the medium or high levels. 2. Based on personal characteristics or position properties, the subjects who have highest manifestation in their cognition and attitude in each dimension are: (1) Legislative orientation: female, 40~49 years old, single, under junior college, incumbent clerk. (2) Care orientation: male, over 50 yeas old, married, above university, director. (3) Independent judgment: male, over 50 years old, married, under junior college, incumbent clerk. (4) Affectional commitment: male, over 50 years old, married, above university, director. (5) Continuous commitment: male, 30~39 years old, married, over university, former director. (6) Moral commitment: female, over 50 years old, married, under junior college, director. (7) Sticking to own duty: female, over 50 years old, married, under junior college, director. (8) Organizational public welfare: female, over 50 years old, married, under junior college, director. 3. The research variances that have apparent correlation: (1) legislative orientation: care orientation, affectioal commitment (2) Care orientation: independent judgment, affectional commitment, moral commitment. (3) Independent judgment: moral commitment (4) Affectional commitment: moral commitment (5) Continuous commitment: moral commitment (6) Sticking to own duty: organizational public welfare, legislative orientation, care orientation, affectional commitment, moral commitment (7) Organizational public welfare: affectional commitment, moral commitment. 4. Both ethical climate and organizational commitment have an obvious correlation with organizational citizenship. According to the conclusions, we recommend the following suggestions: 1. To financial institutions: (1) Carrying out internal legislative curriculum and drills; (2) Carrying out external legislative and related case curriculum and drills; (3) Appointing with discretion the managerial personnel of operating units; (4) Cultivating staff¡¦s team spirit; (5) Reconstructing the financial ethics of discipline and order. 2. To succeeding researchers: (1) Broadening the researching samples; (2) Studying the attitude of incumbent and former managers¡¦ ethic climate and organizational commitment toward the trust-granting acts.

Presently, the competitions between enterprises and cooperation are very intense. Being able to ensure and exploit human resources is one of the main promises to success. However, the question of how to ensure human resources is also one of the hardest problems faced by cooperation. Whether or not the employees have demonstrated all their abilities, or whether the separation is rising. These are all questions that the manager will have to confront. A high separation is a lost of the company. Document research showed that employees who have higher organizational commitment have a lower tendency to resign. This research discussed the variables that affected organizational commitment. It surveyed Chinese and Taiwanese employees in Taiwanese-owned companies in Guang-Dong Province. Using promotional justice, salary justice, and performance evaluation (three branches: result evaluation, award evaluation, and improvement evaluation) as independent variables to regression analysis Taiwanese business¡¦s performance management and its effects on Chinese employees¡¦ organizational commitment. Most of the specialists of organizational behavior put personal values and personal character as one of the variables that affect organizational commitment. Thus, this research set personal values and personal character as the adjusting factors. The results were that some personal values and personal character interacted with each other and raised the employees¡¦ organizational commitment. The interactions between promotional justice, salary justice, and adjusting factors were most explicit, and had the greatest effect on employees¡¦ organizational commitment.

While the scale of an organization has been huge and runs for ages, it is not merely the bureaucracy we have to consider but to properly adjust the main structure of the organization that is adverse to boost up the competitiveness. What Taiwan urgently requires is to enhance the nation¡¦s competitiveness; nevertheless, the fundamentals of four-rank government are necessary to make an adjustment. What is more, they are required to alter and simplify the great overlapping in terms of provincial and central government¡¦s human resource, cost, controlled land and numbers of population. The reasons that influence the success and failure of the government reengineering might be sophisticated; however, the key element is undoubtedly the employees¡¦ support and cooperation. In Taiwan, the researches with regard to the government reengineering are mostly concentrated on the domain of system; as to the impacts of government reengineering on staff¡¦s job satisfaction, organization commitment, job involvement and their intention to quit are lack of related-research. Based on the above stated incentives, and with a view to realizing the influences on reengineering government as to staff¡¦s job satisfaction, organization commitment, job involvement and their intention to quit, this research is attempted to study the staff attitude after simplifying the provincial structure and come up with suggestions as guides on formulating human resource¡¦s strategies when carrying out government reengineering by central government organizations. The suggestions that propose in this research are as follows: communicating with the staff by holding the colloquiums frequently; conducting second-job-skill-training seminars based on individual¡¦s needs; appropriately granting authority to the staff to increase their job satisfaction, organization commitment, job involvement as well as decrease job insecurity and their intention to quit.

The Asia Pacific Region has become the center for development of the world and trade in 21st century. Kaohsiung Port enjoys a pivotal location within the region and the local government is determined to capitalize on its geographic advantages. Kaohsiung is already a major container transshipment hub. With frequent links to ports all over the world, Kaohsiung is also set to become one of the world¡¦s leading production and distribution centers. The most important resource of organization is ¡§human resource¡¨, so how to make people work for organization hardly is important for organization. Every shipping company aims to offer the most efficient service with highest quality to enable its customers. So how to reinforce the quality of manpower, improve job performance and service quality are the most important targets for shipping company. Therefore, this study used individual variables of sea-land transfer personal reshuffle as independent variables, job satisfaction and organizational commitment as dependent variables to probe into the relation among the individual variables, job satisfaction and organizational commitment. This thesis did the analysis through issuing questionnaires. Effective questionnaires sent back are 110. By using statistical method, the results of this research indicate that: 1. The different education to extrinsic satisfaction and continuance commitment comes out remarkable discrepancy. 2. The different age to continuance commitment comes out remarkable discrepancy. 3. The different land experienced year to normative commitment and continuance commitment comes out remarkable discrepancy. 4. Three factors of job satisfaction have positive relation to three factors of organizational commitment. 5. Three factors of job satisfaction have impact on three factors of organizational commitment According to the results of research, the organization needs to strengthen internal management system, fortify employees¡¦ loyalty, to enhance job satisfaction of employee to increase the employees¡¦ commitment. Therefore, the organization can promote the job performance and reinforce its competition.

In order to enhance competence of companies , flexible human resource strategies have become more and more important in many companies as well as in hospitals. Hospitals now focused in decreased cost to improve profit and maintain their high quality of medical treatment. Flexible nursing manpower has become the main human resource strategy used in hospitals. This study focuses to investigate different working status nursing staffs in hospitals and analysis their organizational commitment , professional commitment and work performance . The critical findings of this study are as follows 1. Different demographic characteristics of nursing staffs have significant difference in organizational commitment , professional commitment and work performance. 2. Different working status nursing staffs in organizational commitment and professional commitment are different but not significant. 3. With the same working status of nursing staffs, they have stronger professional commitment than organizational one. 4. Formal nursing staffs have stronger organizational citizenship behavior than contingent ones. 5. The correlation shows that organizational commitment and professional commitment of formal nursing staffs relates positively to their behaviors of work performance. Based on the findings of this study, suggestions are made at two levels¡GThe hospitals and future research. For the hospitals , enhancing organizational and professional commitment of nursing staffs is good at their behaviors of work performance. Besides , if hospital can rearrange work tasks , it is good idea to use contingent nursing staffs to reduce manpower cost of hospital. For the future researches , they can compare behaviors among different industries and different professional areas.

Abstract The history of Private Security Industry in Taiwan has been twenty-five years till now. Private security guards are not only the major support to governmental police force but also the labor market in demand now in spite of the work force surplus in other industries caused by economic depression. The development of private security industry is still at developing stage so that some organizations¡¦ policies and systems are not complete and sound enough. In addition, the demographics of employees in this industry are different from those in others. Majority of them are low-level educational or unemployed older workers. They chose this low entry-barrier occupation in order to solve economic plight but find no aspiration for or don¡¦t adapt to this position after working for a while. The issues discussed above have been affected private security guards¡¦ job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Few of the foreign and domestic studies on private security industry focused on behavioral issue and were conducted quantitatively. The purposes of this study were to measure work values, job satisfaction and organizational commitment of private security guards and to examine the effect of work values on those two work attitudes. Due to most of private security guards are older workers, in this study age has divided into four categories with the reference of the Bureau of Accounting & Statistics as following: young aged¡]below 25¡^, middle aged¡]26-45¡^, senior aged¡]46-65¡^, and old aged¡]above 66¡^. Data collected from a questionnaire survey of 967 private security guards in southern part of Taiwan was analyzed using the statistical techniques of crosstab, descriptive statistics analysis, T-test, one-way ANOVA, and hierarchical regression. The results indicates: 1.Most of private security guards are reemployed; most of their previous positions are at non-managerial levels; previous tenure are mainly below 15 years; most of them engaged in service industry; the main reason of last separation for all of them was voluntary separation, but for the senior aged it was factory or business shut down; the first reason of present employment is basically to support family economy. 2.Private security guards emphasize most on the work value of ¡§the orientation of organizational security and economy¡¨ but least on ¡§the orientation of stability and free from anxiety ¡¨; they have greatest ¡§intrinsic job satisfaction¡¨ but least ¡§extrinsic job satisfaction¡¨; they have highest ¡§affective commitment¡¨ but lowest ¡§continuous commitment¡¨. 3.The occupation of a private security guard should possesses the work values of higher ¡§orientation of social interaction¡¨ and lower ¡§orientation of stability and free from anxiety¡¨. Employers might take the work values orientation into consideration in the process of recruiting and selecting. 4.Senior aged private security guards have higher affective commitment and normative commitment than the young and middle aged. 5.Among work values, ¡§the orientation of self-realization, the orientation of esteem, and the orientation of stability and free from anxiety¡¨ had significant positive effect on job satisfaction¡F ¡§the orientation of organizational security and economy¡¨ had significant negative effect on job satisfaction; ¡§the orientation of esteem¡¨ has significant positive effect on organizational commitment; ¡§the orientation of social interaction¡¨ had significant positive effect on affective commitment; ¡§the orientation of stability and free from anxiety¡¨ had significant negative effect on affective commitment, but significant positive effect on continuous commitment. Private security company employers might regard these findings as the direction of modifying organization policies to improve employee¡¦s work attitudes. Key words: Private Security guard, work values, job attitude, job satisfaction, organizational commitment

Abstract The reformation within an publicly-owned businesses enables the entity to enjoy greater flexibility and liberty, in terms of employment, finance, accounting, etc., so as to promptly adjust itself to the external environment and successfully accomplish the state-assigned missions. Hence, reformation has become a significant gist as well as a target to achieve in the organizational reconstruction promoted by the government. This study took the staff of Kaohsiung Harbour Bureau, which was right under a reformation by performing the strategic management via education and training, as the subject. It aimed to investigate the effect of these training programs. A framework was built, in which the ¡§Individual Background¡¨ was set as a control variable; ¡§Staff¡¦s Reformation Cognition¡¨ and ¡§Achievement Motivation¡¨ were as independent variables; ¡§Education and Training¡X-Staff¡¦s Participation in Reformation & Communication Management Programs¡¨ as an intervening variable, in order to discuss the impact on the dependent variable of ¡§Staff¡¦s Attitude¡¨ including ¡§Staff¡¦s Affirmative Attitude to Reformation Policies¡¨ and ¡§Organizational Commitment.¡¨ 620 employees in total were sampled out as the research subjects by means of Systematic Sampling, and among which, 488 were determined valid. This study employed the statistical software SPSS for Windows to analyze recovered data. The methods used in data analysis embraced Descriptive Statistics Analysis, Factor Analysis & Reliability Analysis, Independent Samples T-Test, Analysis of Variance, Pearson Correlation Analysis and Hierarchical Regression Analysis. The results obtained in this study are concluded as follows. 1. The staff with diverse ¡§Individual Backgrounds¡¨ show an obvious difference in the respects of ¡§Staff¡¦s Reformation Cognition¡¨, ¡§Staff¡¦s Affirmative Attitude to Reformation Policies¡¨, ¡§Organizational Commitment¡¨ and ¡§Achievement Motivation¡¨. But it is just partially tenable. 2. A majority of the staff don¡¦t give too much favour to the reformation policies, especially those involving with employees¡¦ interests. The staff show far much care for their own rights and interests than for the organization¡¦s. 3. ¡§Staff¡¦s Cognition of Organizational Competitiveness¡¨ has an obvious and positive influence on their ¡§Affirmative Attitude to the Reformation on Organizational Interests¡¨; ¡§Staff¡¦s Cognition of Employees¡¦ Interests¡¨ has an obvious and positive influence on their ¡§Affirmative Attitude to the Reformation on Organizational Interests¡¨ and ¡§Affirmative Attitude to the Reformation on Employees¡¦ Interests¡¨; ¡§Staff¡¦s Participation in Reformation & Communication Management Programs¡¨ has an obvious and positive influence on their ¡§Affirmative Attitude to the Reformation on Organizational Interests¡¨ and ¡§Affirmative Attitude to the Reformation on Employees¡¦ Interests¡¨; ¡§Achievement Motivation¡¨ has an obvious and positive influence on ¡§Organizational Commitment¡¨. 4. ¡§Staff¡¦s Participation in Reformation & Communication Management Programs¡¨ has an obvious and interfering influence on their ¡§Organizational Commitment¡¨ as well as ¡§Affirmative Attitude to the Reformation on Organizational Interests¡¨; has an obvious and interfering influence on their ¡§Cognition of Employees¡¦ Interests¡¨ or ¡§Achievement Motivation¡¨ and ¡§Affirmative Attitude to the Reformation on Employees¡¦ Interests¡¨; has an obvious and interfering influence on their ¡§Cognition of Employees¡¦ Interests¡¨ and ¡§Effort Commitment¡¨. In view of the results of this study, four suggestions are proposed: (1) To truly think highly of employees¡¦ rights and interests; (2) To value employees¡¦ working volition and enhance the efficiency of human resource in an organization; (3) To carry out variant managerial strategies and keep a open communication with employees; (4) To make a proper syllabus for reformation and communication programs, which should incorporate with the instruction of values, such as ¡§Identification with and Devotion to Organization.¡¨

In the process which organization creates value, because of blurred target, limited resources, environmental change, non-procedure decision making, members¡¦ personality, values, difference of perception, and selfish nature of mankind, individuals hunt for benefits and pile up resources to create more power and effect, and then political behavior of organization was born. But on the other side, some people think that political behavior is effective management. So when organization members have perception on political behavior, the behavior and attitude will make influence on organization. This research tries to compare and analyze the relationship and effect of perceptions of organizational politics on organizational commitment, job performance, and organizational citizenship behavior between public and private enterprises members. The research objects include government organization, armed forces, national business, teaching and administrative staff, service trade, manufacturing industry, finance business, science and technology business. The number of questionnaires we mailed to research objects was 1,459. The number of valid questionnaires was 1,187, including to the publicly-owned business (384) and the private enterprise (803). The results of research are as follows¡G (1) The political perceptions of public and private enterprises members and organizational commitment have significant negative correlation. The related degree in publicly-owned business is higher than private enterprise. The supervisor behavior (independent variable) influences political perceptions most. And the affective commitment (dependent variable) explains most. (2) The perceptions of organizational politics and job performance for publicly-owned business members have non-significant negative correlation. The perceptions of organizational politics and job performance for private enterprise members have significant negative correlation. The pay and promotion policies influence most. The contextual performance explains most. (3) The perceptions of organizational politics and organizational citizenship behavior for public and private enterprises members have significant negative correlation. The related degree in private enterprise is higher than publicly-owned business. The independent variable in publicly-owned business, go along to get ahead influences political perceptions most. The independent variable in private enterprise, pay and promotion policies influence political perceptions most. Both about the dependent variables can explain organizational public-profit behavior most.

Abstract As various forces rendering the business environment more dynamic, for survive and prosper, organizations nowadays must rapidly correspond to changes. In order to lower labor cost and develop competition advantage, enterprises always apply human resource flexibility strategy to achieve purposes. However, the practices of human resource flexibility strategy change the job related characteristic, and cause the effect on the psychological contract of employee. And then, it will be the factor for the attitude and behavior of employee in the enterprise. The current human resource arrangement should be adjusted in order to respond to the changes in the market in a timely manner. It is available to implement task flexibility, numerical flexibility, working-time flexibility, and wage flexibility to meet the practical work demands. Our object was domestic bank enterprises, we adopted questionnaire to discuss ¡§the perception of the practices of human resource flexibility strategy¡¨ and ¡§the condition of the psychological contract¡¨ by employees. And then, we explore the relationship between ¡§the perception of the practices of human resource flexibility strategy¡¨ and ¡§organizational commitment¡¨ of employee by the intermediary variable ¡§the violation of psychological contract¡¨. Our results of the research are as the following: There are some practices of human resource flexibility strategy in the bank enterprises, and the employees really have experienced the violation of psychological contract. Finally, through the relation of social exchange, the consequences of Psychological contract will response on Organizational commitment.

In recent years, the re-distribution of medical resources conducted by the government in general renders physicians to be anxious about the stability and fairness of their income. The worries are even aggravated by the policies such as ¡§secret in payment¡¨ or ¡§personalized payment¡¨ that are currently preceded by the hospitals. Since the as mentioned worries may affect physicians¡¦ attitudes toward their patients, factors affecting physicians¡¦ satisfaction in their income based on the stand point of ¡§salary justice¡¨ are thus important and will be the focus of the present research. Meanwhile, the influences of ¡§total budget system¡¨ on ¡§salary justice¡¨ and ¡§salary satisfaction¡¨ are also studied. The overall consequences to the physicians ¡§work attitude¡¨ are finally evaluated and analyzed in the present study. The research was conducted by distributing 319 questionnaires to the physicians belonging to eight hospitals in the middle area of Taiwan. Among these distributed questionnaires, 108 of them were retrieved. The retrieval rate is thus calculated as 33.9%. The results are presented as follows: 1.Gender, salary and position do not possess any influence on ¡§salary satisfaction¡¨ and ¡§working attitude¡¨. 2.A negative correlation is observed between ¡§age¡¨ and ¡§salary justice¡¨. This implies the elders demand higher base in their salary. 3.The more open in salary information and communications, the better in ¡§salary satisfaction¡¨. 4.The ¡§structure of income¡¨ should be consistent with one¡¦s recognition on the source of his or her salary. Together with a fair distribution in overall benefits would help in motivating positive work attitude. 5.More understanding in the method of benefit distribution as proposed in the ¡§total budget system¡¨ could lead to more negative attitude in working. 6.The ¡§total budget system¡¨ is still in the embryonic stage. No effects on ¡§salary justice¡¨ and ¡§salary satisfaction¡¨ have been observed yet. 7.A physician would possess a stronger commitment in job fair and team involvement when he/she feels satisfactory with the payment.