Ce travail a eu pour objectif d’améliorer notre compréhension des processus de formation et d’évolution des aérosols organiques secondaires (AOS) en étudiant les réactions susceptibles d’expliquer la présence d’espèces « mixtes » organosoufrées observées récemment dans l’aérosol atmosphérique. Les composés organiques volatils et en particulier les monoterpènes ont été identifiés comme étant des précurseurs potentiellement importants d’organosulfates dans l’atmosphère. Cependant, les mécanismes de formation de ces derniers ne sont pas encore bien compris. Seule une étude au niveau moléculaire et ciblée sur une réaction multiphasique unique, peut donner accès à des mécanismes réactionnels détaillés. Ainsi, les réactions entre l’α-pinène et quatre produits d’oxydation associés (α-pinène oxyde, myrténal, isopinocamphéol et pinanediol), avec des particules modèles de sulfate d’ammonium ont été étudiées individuellement dans le but de documenter la formation d’organosulfates. L’effet de l’humidité relative et celui de l’acidité des particules sur ces réactions ont été étudiés. La quantification en ligne des composés organiques volatils a été effectuée à l’aide d’un spectromètre de masse à transfert protonique. L’identification des structures moléculaires des organosulfates, formés en phase particulaire, a été effectuée par chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse en tandem. Deux approches complémentaires, impliquant des expériences en réacteur quasi-statique et en chambre de simulation atmosphérique, ont permis de mettre en évidence la formation d’organosulfates mais également de proposer des mécanismes réactionnels pour l’ensemble des composés oxydés étudiés. / This work deals with the formation and aging processes of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). More precisely, the objective was to document organosulfate formation, recently identified in ambient aerosol. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as monoterpenes have been recognized as potentially important precursors of organosulfates in the atmosphere. However, organosulfate formation is not yet well understood. Reliable chemical mechanisms can only be accessible when studying individual reactions at the molecular level. In this work, organosulfate formation was studied for the reactions of α-pinene and associated oxidized species (α-pinene oxide, myrtenal, isopinocampheol and pinanediol) with acidified ammonium sulfate particles. On-line quantification of VOCs was carried out using proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry. Identification of products in the particulate phase has been performed using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Experiments from quasi-static reactor and atmospheric simulation chamber experiments are compared and discussed, allowing to propose chemical mechanisms explaining organosulfate formation for the heterogeneous reactions of interest.

Aerosols and clouds provide the largest uncertainty in the atmospheric radiation budget. The main focus of this thesis was to investigate the ability of organic compounds in aerosol particles to form clouds, and more specifically those emitted by living organisms. The cloud forming properties of the highly water-soluble methyltetrols and polyols, which are compounds produced by plants and fungi that are common in aerosol, were studied. All compounds and their salt mixtures have a moderate potential to serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). They are thus not likely to have a significant global impact on cloudiness. The potential presence of surfactants released by microorganisms was investigated for aerosols sampled at different locations. Very low surface tension values were measured for these aerosol extracts (30 mN/m), which implies that these aerosols have good CCN properties and indicate the presence of biosurfactants. Their occurrence in aerosols still needs to be confirmed directly by chemical identification. Reactions of organic compounds in sulfate salt solutions exposed to UV-light were studied and found to produce surface active compounds. Thus, mixed sulfate/organic aerosol could have more favourable CCN properties after exposure to light than when kept in the dark. The surface active compounds were proposed to be long-chained organosulfates with hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts, similar to other amphiphilic surfactants. Mixtures of salt and strong surfactants formed by bacteria were studied using two different techniques for determining their CCN properties. There were inconsistencies between the two methods which could be accounted for by surface partitioning. The studied mixtures were determined to be good potential CCN material in both techniques. All these aspects require further investigation, but if the impact of strong biogenic surfactants on cloud formation is confirmed, a new link between living organisms and climate would be identified. / At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 4: Manuscript.

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