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<p>Schenker and Schoenberg are the two most important and influential theorists of the early twentieth century. Yet Schenker's theory of the Ursatz, or fundamental structure, is viewed by many as contradictory to Schoenberg's Grundgestalt concept. It is remarkable that such brilliant theorists from Vienna could develop such profound and different theoretical concepts. However, In spite of the dispute that is continued to this day among Schenker's and Schoenberg's followers , the two theories need not be considered opposites. This thesis demonstrates , through a critical comparison of two analyses of Beethoven's Appassionata Sonata, that, although the music is approached from different angles, the analyses are not incompatible, but instead are remarkably similar and complementary to one another. Chapter One briefly reviews Schenker's and Schoenberg's theories and outlines important issues concerning the dispute between the two theorists , highlighted in three relatively recent papers. Chapters Two and Three examine two analyses of the Appassionata Sonata, one of which is Schenker's, the other a Schonebergian approach by Patricia Carpenter. It is concluded In Chapter Four that the two theories contain similarities and complementary features which, if used in conjunction with one another, would present a more complete and well-balanced understanding of musical phenomena than either is capable of on its own.</p> / Master of Arts (MA)

<p>This thesis defends the legitimacy of expressive interpretations of music 1 by proposing how critics might reconcile a work's expressive, or extramusical inferences 2 , with its autonomous or purely musical substance. It focuses on the music of Gustav Mahler, whose resurgence in popularity in the 1960s owed a great deal to his music's richness in extramusical associations. As one critic observed: "The magnitude and intensity of reactions to Mahler suggests that more is involved than purely musical or aesthetic appreciation."3</p> <p>Amidst this century's skepticism towards matters of expression in music, there has been a tendency to regard a work's extramusical inferences as entirely arbitrary. Rather than examining the musical elements which may have given rise to these inferences, critics have often dismissed them as musically inconsequential. This thesis counters that many of the non-musical inferences that are drawn from Mahler's music actually underscore purely musical properties; hence, expressive interpretations may be regarded as a complementary, not competing method of musical understanding.</p> <p>1 Which may be defmed as critical discussions of works which draw comparisons between music and various non-musical phenomena such as ideas, emotions, objects and events.</p> <p>2 Both expressive inferences and extramusical inferences may be defmed as nonmusical information which is achieved through expressive interpretations.</p> <p>3 Eva Hoffman. "Mahler for Moderns". Commentary 59 (June 1975), 52.</p> / Master of Arts (MA)

<p>By the early 21st century, the term 'musical genre' has been repositioned in popular usage in comparison to its premodern/modern function. Instead of merely classifying pieces according to established formal structures in mainly western art and folk music, it has evolved through modernity and postmodernity into an enormous, complex and highly, problematic system, phenomenon or construction seeking not just to fulfill that function, but also seeking stylistically to classify the popular and art music of every culture and era. Using the Wikipedia online listing of musical genres as one manifestation of the public usage of the term, one sees entire repertories, traditions and their sub-categories such as jazz, motown, indie garage and mohabelo placed on non-hierarchical par with formal genres such as symphony, lament, ballad and strathespy. This paper combines theoretical. researched. and anecdotal information around musical genre's nature and behaviour from a postmodern perspective. It examines the reimagining of musical genre which has characterised the postmodern age, and proposes models for understanding it based on the work of Theodor Adorno, Marhsall McLuhan and lean Baudrillard using three very different genres of church music as illustrations. Finally, in addition to reporting on Genre Implosion, a weekly radio show which aired on CFMU 93.3FM throughout the duration of the project, it seeks to locate itself within the concepts of 20th century pragmatism underlying it, which make it less about positing 'truths' about musical genre than about encouraging its practical use and application in the flexible and multi-faceted forms inherent to postmoderniry.</p> / Master of Arts (MA)

<p>Marcus Junius Brutus is chiefly known for his assassination of Julius Caesar. The consequences of this deed forced him and Cassius to leave Italy and defend themselves in the East against their enemies, the Triumvirate. This thesis focuses on all those who supported Brutus from the time of the Ides of March until the battle of Philippi. These men are collected and analyzed in terms of their interrelationships, and their relations to Brutus against the background of the society and history of Rome. It is argued that Brutus was the leader of a political factio which could trace its roots back to the opposition to Pompeius at the beginning of his career in 70BC. Also many individuals of various former political alliances joined Brutus because the political circumstances of the last decade made it necessary for them to unite against the Triumvirate. In this way, Brutus' associates were motivated by traditional socia-political motives and by situations characteristic of the end of the Republic. All dates are B.C. unless otherwise noted.</p> / Master of Arts (MA)

<p>This thesis sets out to characteize, explain, and assess the 1991-96 and lifetime interprovincial migrations of elderly Canadians, based on the migration data of the 1996 population census. The study of the 1991-96 elderly migration is divided into two parts. The first part characterizes, interprets, and assesses the relative importance of five distinct types of migration(primary, onward, return, foreign, and recent immigration). The major findings are (1) that the overall redistributional impact of the 1991-96 elderly migration was the increase of the shares of Canada's elderly population by the three provinces with the strongest economies; (2) that due to the positive selectivity in primary and onward migrations with respect to income and marital status, the migrations of the Canadian-born elderly probably did not result in increased financial burden on these provinces; and (3) that recent immigrants accounted for more than half of the combined pool of the elderly migrants and made Canada less French. The purpose of second part is to characterize and explain interprovincial elderly primary migration (migration from the province of birth) in a multivariate context, using a nested logit model. The main finding is that both the location of adult children and environmental amenities were important factors in the departure decision and destination choices of elderly migrants. This result supports Litwak's theory of modified extended family and the developmental theory of Litwak and Longino as well. The main purpose of studying the lifetime migration of elderly Canadians is to assess the long-term effects of interprovincial migration. The main findings are (1) that the lifetime migration resulted in the net transfers of migrants from the "have not" to the "have"provinces; (2) that the migrants moving in the "right" direction achieved income betterment, although the betterment was not large enough to compensate for the disadvantage of being born in the "have not" provinces and/or to Francophone parents; and (3) that the lifetime migration aggravated somewhat the cultural polarization between Quebec and the rest of Canada.</p> / Master of Arts (MA)

The aim of this research was to examine how the EFQM Excellence Model implementation process had been conducted in a number of cases in UK University academic units with a view to developing a guidance framework for implementation of the EFQM Excellence Model in this particular context. Issues which could impact on the implementation of the European Foundation for Quality Management's (EFQM) Excellence Model in the UK University academic environment were identified through a comprehensive literature review of the model's implementation in other sectors, literature on the UK University sector and on established good practice in implementing similar quality programmes, such as Total Quality Management (TQM). A theoretical framework was developed in order to conceptualise the relationships between the issues identified through the literature review and to form a basis for the development of data collection and analysis tools. The case study strategy was chosen as the appropriate way to investigate the phenomenon. The approaches used in the implementation of the EFQM Excellence Model in four United Kingdom University academic units were explored and analysed in order to discover the critical issues for effective implementation. The fieldwork revealed a number of issues which were essential to effective implementation (motive, gaining senior management commitment, demonstrating senior management commitment, education and training, staff involvement and teamwork, the overall pace of the implementation, integration of the EFQM Model into the organisation, and activities to maintain momentum) and two issues which were desirable in producing effective implementation (culture/context assessment, and project management). The main output and contribution from the research was a guidance framework for implementing the EFQM Excellence Model in academic units of UK universities.

The implementation of quality management systems (QMSs) is a world-wide phenomenon, particularly in organisations in developing countries. which have used different QMSs to improve the quality of their goods and services. Joint Commission International (JCI) is an international body issuing healthcare standards following the principles of Total Quality Management to improve quality and patient safety. The influence of the trend towards implementing QMSs by adopting an international framework has reached the Middle East through the continuous efforts of healthcare organisations to achieve international accreditation using lCI standards. The public sector hospitals are the leading hospitals in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in achieving accreditation and meeting lCI standards. Indeed. many hospitals in the Middle East in general and in the UAE in particular are in the process of achieving lei accreditation. This research examines how various factors affect the processes of implementing lCI standards in UAE hospitals. The research is qualitative in nature, employing a case study approach and using semistructured interviews as the main data collection tool within two hospitals in the Emirate of Dubai. Several other tools are used in order to achieve triangulation and to deepen the understanding of the factors identified. Contributions to knowledge are made by the research, which represents the first attempt to investigate empirically the processes of implementing lCI standards in UAE hospitals. The original contribution of the research is in providing an in-depth understanding of the factors affecting this process. These factors are grouped into four main categories: organisational factors, human resource issues, cultural issues and technical factors. A unique contribution of the study is the identification of several ne\\ factors within the cultural context that could affect the implementation of the lCI standards.

A gravitational microlensing event occurs when a foreground star passes near our line of site to a background source star. The foreground star acts as a lens, perturbing the image of the source star and amplifying the apparent intensity. Because the lens is in motion relative to the source star, the amplification is a function in time, resulting in a characteristic microlensing light curve. If the lens happens to have a planetary companion, the resulting light curve will be perturbed due the planet and the characteristics of the binary system can be ascertained.

Tobacco has been recognized as the number one cause of preventable death in America and results in almost 5.2 million years of potential life lost each year. The use of tobacco products is highly correlated with pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease, and other forms of chronic illness in America. Within the last ten years new tobacco products have been trending in the tobacco market such as the water pipe/hookah and e-cigarettes. With e-cigarettes and other newer forms of tobacco on the rise, it is important to look at the underlying factors for using all kinds of tobacco products as a means of prevention. Certain adult attachment styles (secure, preoccupied, dismissing-avoidant, and fearful-avoidant) in emotionally meaningful relationships could be indicators for physical illness, mental illness, and even addiction. The researcher implemented a study that investigated whether or not there is a relationship between tobacco use and attachment style. Based on a university-wide survey that was sent out at East Tennessee State University with 522 participants, demographic data revealed 68.5% (n=358) did not currently use tobacco products. However, of those who did currently use tobacco products 54.5% (n=90) were male, 84.8% (n=140) were undergraduate students, and 66.7% (n=110) were between the ages of 18-25. For individuals who used tobacco 23.5% (n=38) were in the secure attachment group, 27.8% (n=45) were in the dismissing-avoidant attachment group, 30.2% (n=49) were in the fearful-avoidant attachment group, and 18.5% (n=30) were in the preoccupied attachment group. Chi Square analysis demonstrated that attachment style was significantly (p < 0.01) different between tobacco users and non-users. For anxiety, r=0.00209, which was weak. For avoidance, r=0.18875, which was slightly higher than the effect size for anxiety, but it was still weak. Considering that there was significance but the effect size was weak, the recommendation is that the study be repeated with a broader sample.