The objective of this study was to compare the effects of postoperative pain following ovariohysterectomy via harmonic scalpel assisted laparoscopy (HALO) and traditional ovariohysterectomy (OVH) in dogs. The study was designed as a randomized, blinded, prospective study. Sixteen, purpose-bred, intact female, Beagle dogs were used to complete the study. Dogs were placed into two groups. Group 1 included (8 dogs) that underwent ovariohysterectomy via HALO. Group 2 included (8 dogs) that underwent ovariohysterectomy via traditional OVH. Physiologic data, abdominal nociceptive threshold scores, and University of Melbourne pain scores (UMPS) were recorded at 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours following surgery. Blood samples for plasma cortisol, glucose, and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) were taken at the time of the incision and 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours following surgery. No significant surgical complications were encountered in either group. The HALO mean surgical time was significantly longer (55.7 minutes) than the traditional OVH (31.7 minutes). No significant differences were observed between the two groups for the pain measures of heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, CPK, and glucose. The OVH group had significantly higher mean plasma cortisol levels at hour 2 following surgery than the HALO group (P=0.0001). The mean UMPS were significantly higher in the OVH group than the HALO group at all postoperative times (P=0.0001). Mean nociceptive threshold measurements revealed significantly higher tolerated palpation pressures in the HALO than the OVH group at all postoperative times, except hour 72 (P=0.0002). Dogs in this study appeared to be less painful with HALO procedures versus traditional OVH. The harmonic scalpel coagulated ovarian and uterine vessels completely with minimal collateral damage to surrounding tissues. The clinical relevance of this study demonstrates that harmonic scalpel-assisted laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy is a safe alternative to traditional OVH and offers a minimally invasive and less painful method of surgery. / Master of Science

Submitted by Sandro Camargo (sandro.camargo@unipampa.edu.br) on 2015-03-08T23:29:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 127110021.pdf: 485296 bytes, checksum: b949c004a5c8effa9dcfd58b5d1cac06 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-08T23:29:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 127110021.pdf: 485296 bytes, checksum: b949c004a5c8effa9dcfd58b5d1cac06 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-31 / Avaliou-se a analgesia no período do pós-operatório imediato em cadelas submetidas à ovariohisterectomia, anestesiadas com isofluorano e infusão contínua de tiletamina/zolazepam. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos (n=10): grupo controle (GC) e grupo tiletamina/zolazepam (GTZ). A MPA foi realizada com acepromazina (0,05 mg/kg) e meperidina (5 mg/kg) IM. A indução anestésica feita com propofol (4 mg/kg) e a manutenção anestésica com isoflurano (1,9 V%), utilizando-se ventilação controlada em todos os animais. Decorridos 10 minutos, os animais do GTZ receberam bolus IV de 0,6 mg/kg de tiletamina/zolazepam seguido pela infusão contínua IV na taxa de 0,06mg/kg/min,. Os animais do GC receberam bolus e infusão contínua de solução de NaCl 0,9% nos volumes, taxas e vias iguais aos calculados para os animais do GTZ. As soluções foram administradas por bomba de infusão durante 60 minutos. O procedimento cirúrgico foi realizado sempre pela mesma equipe cirúrgica. Após extubação dos animais e mensuração deste tempo em ambos os grupos, foi realizada a primeira avaliação da analgesia e, a partir daí, a cada 30 minutos durante 4 horas (M0, M30, M60, M90, M120, M150, M180, M210, M240), valendo-se da escala de dor da Universidade de Melbourne, executada sempre pelo mesmo avaliador o qual não tinha conhecimento prévio do tratamento administrado. O resgate analgésico foi efetuado com 4 mg/kg de tramadol nos animais que obtivessem escore igual ou superior a 12. Os escores foram submetidos à análise estatística utilizando-se teste de Mann-Whitney. A necessidade de resgate analgésico foi avaliada pelo método de sobrevivência de Kaplan-Meier. Em todas as análises, o nível de significância adotado foi 5%. Para avaliação da recuperação anestésica, foi utilizada a escala de recuperação proposta por Pinho (2000) para determinação dos escores, a qual exemplifica valores de 1 a 5 alistados na classificação de escore. Os escores de dor, expressos em mediana (máximos/mínimos) foram significativamente menores no GTZ em T30 (7,5, 2 e 8), T90 (19, 5 e 9) e T150 (18,5, 6 e 10 ). O resgate analgésico foi necessário em 70% dos animais do GC e em nenhum do GTZ. Analisando-se os resultados, pode-se concluir que o uso da associação de tiletamina/zolazepam no trans-operatório forneceu analgesia no pós-operatório imediato satisfatória, reduzindo o requerimento analgésico. / The aim of the study was to evaluated postoperative the analgesia in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy, anesthetized with isoflurane, and continuous infusion of tiletamina-zolazepam. The animals were divided into two groups (n = 10): control group (CG) and tiletamina-zolazepam group (GTZ). MPA was performed with acepromazine (0.05 mg / kg) and meperidine (5 mg / kg) IM. Anesthesia induced with propofol (4 mg / kg) and was maintained with isoflurane (1.9% V), using controlled ventilation in all animals. After 10 minutes, the animals received GTZ bolus of 0.6 mg / kg tiletamine / zolazepam followed by continuous infusion at the rate of 0.06 mg / kg / min of the same drugs IV. The animals of the CG received bolus and continuous infusion of NaCl 0.9% in volume, rate and equal to the calculated routes for animals GTZ. The solutions were administered by infusion pump for 60 minutes. The surgical procedure was performed by the same surgical team. After extubation of animals and measurement of this time in both groups, the first assessment of analgesia was achieved and, thereafter, every 30 minutes for 4 hours (M0, M30, M60, M90, M120, M150, M180, M210, M240), drawing on the pain scale at the University of Melbourne, always performed by the same examiner who was unaware of the treatment administered. The analgesic rescue was performed with 4 mg / kg of tramadol in animals which received a score less than 12. Scores were statistically analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. The need for rescue analgesia was assessed by survival Kaplan-Meier. In all analyzes, the significance level was 5%. To review the anesthetic recovery, the scale of recovery proposed by Pinho (2000) for determining the scores, which exemplifies values 1-5 listed in the classification score was used. Pain scores, expressed as median and maximum-minimum values: were significantly lower in the GTZ in T30 (7.5, 2:08), T90 (19, 5:09) and T150 (18.5, 6 and 10). The rescue analgesic was required in 70% of animals in any of the GC and GTZ. Analyzing the results, we can conclude that the use of the combination of tiletamina-zolazepam intraoperatively provided satisfactory analgesia in the immediate postoperative period, reducing the analgesic requirement.

Objective To compare the anaesthetic and cardiopulmonary effects of alfaxalone in comparison to propofol when used for total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) during ovariohysterectomy in dogs. Animals Fourteen healthy female crossbred dogs between 6 months and 5 years, with body weight between 16 - 42 kg. Methods All dogs were premedicated with acepromazine 0.01 mg/kg and morphine 0.4 mg/kg subcutaneously. Anaesthesia was induced and maintained with either Group 1- propofol (6 mg/kg followed by 0.3-0.5 mg/kg/min intravenously) or Group 2 alfaxalone (2 mg/kg followed 0.10-0.12 mg/kg/min intravenously). Quality of induction and recovery were determined. Dogs were spontaneously breathing 100 % oxygen. Respiratory and cardiovascular parameters were measured: Respiratory rate (RR), end tidal CO2 (ETCO2), tidal volume (TV). Heart rate (HR), systolic (SAP), diastolic (DAP), and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP). Arterial blood samples were collected during and after the surgery to determinate arterial PH, PaCO2, PaO2. Results Smooth and rapid induction followed by satisfactory maintenance and good recovery quality was observed with both anaesthetic agents. Cardiopulmonary effects were similar for both groups with notable respiratory depression and fair hemodynamic parameters. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance The administration of alfaxalone used as TIVA in premedicated dogs produced satisfactory anaesthesia with the same quality as that produced by propofol during ovariohysterectomy. Hypoventilation was the most prominent adverse effect from both anaesthetic agents suggesting a need for ventilatory support during prolonged TIVA periods with either anaesthetic agent. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Companion Animal Clinical Studies / unrestricted

Trauma of diverse origins is a common reason for presentation of pets for treatment. It is often difficult clinically to objectively measure the severity of any trauma to an animal. One approach is to measure the changes in the various serum parameters which are known to alter in response to trauma or inflammation. If the changes over time of relevant and easily measurable parameters can be established under two controlled but different conditions of surgical trauma, it may provide the foundation for evaluating their future use in establishing the severity of trauma in a patient. A prospective study was performed on animals presented to the Onderstepoort Veterinary Academic Hospital for either thoracolumbar disc disease or for elective ovariohysterectomy. The two surgical procedures chosen for the study involved significant surgical trauma, particularly to muscle, in the case of thoracolumbar decompression and relatively minor surgical trauma in the case of ovariohysterectomy. Serial evaluation of creatine kinase (CK) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were performed both pre- and post-operatively on two sets of patients derived from the two surgical categories. CK is an enzyme found predominantly in skeletal muscle and significantly elevated serum activity is largely associated with muscle damage. CRP is an acute phase protein which shows elevated serum concentration in response to a broad range of inflammatory stimuli. Analysis of the data showed a very wide range of results at each time point for both CK and CRP. There were no significant differences between the two surgical groups for either analyte preoperatively. Thereafter CK results were markedly and significantly different between the two groups. CRP results were very similar in the two groups with no statistical difference at any time point. The results of this study suggest that the evaluation of CK and CRP at any one time point in a traumatized animal is of limited value. However the evaluation of the trend of these two analytes, even over a relatively short time period, may allow for useful prognostication in clinical cases. / Dissertation (MMedVet)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Companion Animal Clinical Studies / unrestricted

Conventionally performed equine ovariohysterectomy (OHE) is a technically demanding surgery associated with a high degree of invasiveness and morbidity. Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgical technique allows introduction of a hand through a portal into the laparoscopic field to facilitate surgical manipulation while maintaining abdominal insufflation and laparoscopic visualization. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a hand-assisted laparoscopic OHE technique for dorsally recumbent horses. The surgical technique was developed in terminal (2 mares) and subsequently evaluated in 6 survival procedures. Mares were fasted 48 hours, anesthetized and positioned in dorsal recumbency for laparoscopic surgery. A hand access device (Omniport) was placed in a caudal midline laparotomy followed by 4 laparoscopic portals. Transection of the ovarian pedicle and broad ligament was achieved using a combination of a laparoscopic stapling instrument, an ultrasonically activated instrument and endoscopic clips. The genital tract was exteriorized through the laparotomy, and the body of the uterus transected and sutured in conventional pattern. Horses were evaluated through postoperative day 14 when a post mortem evaluation was performed. Four mares recuperated well after surgery, 1 mare was euthanized due to bilateral femur fractures sustained during anesthetic recovery and another developed severe pleuropneumonia. At necropsy all but one abdominal incision was healing routinely. One mare had abscessed along the laparotomy incision and developed visceral adhesions. Uncomplicated healing of transected mesovarial, mesometrial and uterine remnants was observed in all recovered mares. Hand-assisted laparoscopic OHE technique represents a minimally invasive and technically feasible alternative for conventional OHE. Careful patient selection and preparation may reduce the complications observed in this study. / Master of Science

Submitted by CAIO DE FARIA TIOSSO null (caiotiosso@hotmail.com) on 2016-03-02T13:27:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tese definitiva pos PDF.pdf: 1935262 bytes, checksum: f8468503f23144f98facaedbd4067d40 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-03-04T13:02:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 tiosso_cf_dr_jabo.pdf: 1935262 bytes, checksum: f8468503f23144f98facaedbd4067d40 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-04T13:02:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tiosso_cf_dr_jabo.pdf: 1935262 bytes, checksum: f8468503f23144f98facaedbd4067d40 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-22 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Nos últimos anos a cirurgia minimamente invasiva vem ganhando cada vez mais adeptos por demonstrar vantagens inigualáveis em comparação à cirurgia convencional o que vem estimulando o desenvolvimento de instrumentais inovadores com potenciais aplicações na medicina veterinária. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a técnica de portal único (SILSTM) para ovário-histerectomia videoassistida em cadelas, comparando-a à técnica laparoscópica videoassistida por “single-port” via endoscópio com canal de trabalho e com a técnica por celiotomia, verificando a curva de aprendizado, resposta inflamatória e comportamental, complicações trans-cirúrgicas e a perda sanguínea dos animais submetidos a estas técnicas. Foram avaliadas 30 fêmeas caninas, alocadas em três grupos com 10 animais em cada: ovário-histerectomia convencional por celiotomia (GI), ovário-histerectomia laparoscópica videoassistida por um único portal utilizando endoscópio com canal de trabalho (GII) e ovário-histerectomia laparoscópica com uso do dispositivo SILSTM (GIII). Foram avaliados os tempos cirúrgicos médios, numero de complicações trans e pós-cirúrgicas nos diferentes grupos, a intensidade da dor pós-operatória mediante aplicação da escalas de dor de Universidade de Melbourne, Glasgow e Morton e os níveis séricos da proteína C reativa e Interleucina-6 durante as primeiras 72 horas após o término dos procedimentos. A media de tempo obtidos foram de 30,20±6,41min para o grupo GI, 60,30±19,15 min para o grupo GII e 119,42±32,78 min para o grupo GIII. No GII ocorreram três complicações que não necessitaram de conversão da técnica cirúrgica e uma que necessitou de conversão e o GIII apresentou três complicações que necessitaram de conversão para a técnica aberta. Quanto ao sangramento transoperatório o grupo GI obteve a partir das gazes laparoscópicas uma média de 16,00±6,04g, o grupo GII 2,61±3,18g e o grupo GIII 3,79±1,78g. Ao final das 24 horas iniciais de avaliação, 90% dos animais do GI necessitaram de resgate analgésico, enquanto no GII e GIII, as porcentagens foram de 0% e 14,3%, respectivamente. As duas técnicas videoassistidas demonstram-se seguras e eficazes mesmo com a ocorrência de complicações. Os níveis de IL-6 e CRP atingem seu pico máximo em 12 e 24 horas respectivamente, e o aumento dessas parece estar diretamente relacionada ao tempo de cirurgia e não trauma gerado. O maior grau álgico observado nos pacientes do grupo GI demostra que a dor em procedimentos de OVH esta relacionada a manipulação visceral e a tração do pedículo ovariano. / Over the last few years, minimally invasive surgery is gaining more followers, by showing unparalleled advantages in front of conventional surgery. This fact has been stimulating the development of new instruments, potentially applicable on Veterinary Medicine. The current study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a single portal technique (SILSTM) to ovariohysterectomy video assisted in bitches, comparing it to a video assisted technique by single-port using an endoscopy with work channel, and with celiotomy, assessing the learning curve, inflammatory and behavioral response, surgical complications and blood loss from animals subjected to these techniques. Thirty female dogs were evaluated, divided into 3 groups with 10 animals each (n=10): ovariohysterectomy by celiotomy (GI), laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy video assisted through a single-port using an endoscope with working channel (GII), and laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy using the SILSTM device (GIII). Mean surgical time, number of complications during and after surgery, pain level after surgery, and serum levels of C-reactive proteins (CRP) an Interleucin-6 (IL-6), were evaluated. Mean surgical times plus/minus standard deviations (SD) in minutes were 30.20±6.41, 60.30±19.15, and 119.42±32.78 for GI, GII and GIII, respectively. On GII, were noted three complications that didn’t need to be converted to celiotomy and one that needs, while GIII presented three complications that needed to be converted to celiotomy. Regarding blood loss, medians plus/minus SD in grams were 16.00±6.04, 2.61±3.18, and 3.79±1.78 for GI, GII and GIII, respectively. Twenty-four hours after the end of the procedures, 90% of animal from GI needed analgesic rescue, while in GII and GIII the values were 0% and 14.3%, respectively. Both video assisted techniques showed themselves secure and effectives, even with complications occurring. IL-6 and CRP levels showed a peak respectively on 12 and 24 hours after the procedures, and these increases seemed to be related with surgical time and not with injuries caused. The higher pain scores observed on GI animals showed that pain on ovariohysterectomy procedures is directly related with visceral manipulation and pulling the ovarian pedicle. / FAPESP: 2012/25061-0

O controle da dor pós-operatória em animais domésticos é uma preocupação crescente, pois é extremamente difícil de ser identificado e se mal diagnosticada e tratada leva ao sofrimento do animal, sendo assim há necessidade de estabelecimento de novas alternativas terapêuticas. A gabapentina é um fármaco anticonvulsivo que vem sendo utilizado efetivamente no tratamento de processos dolorosos neuropático-crônicos, sendo identificanda uma tendência ao seu uso como adjuvante no controle da dor aguda pósoperatória. Neste trabalho foi avaliado o potencial da administração pré-operatória da gabapentina, isolada ou associada ao tramadol ou ao firocoxibe no controle da dor pósoperatória de cães em um estudo cego, randomizado, placebo-controlado. Foram avaliados 47 caninos, fêmeas, entre 10 e 15 kg, submetidos à ovariohisterectomia, divididos em três grupos: tratados no período pré-operatório com gabapentina-placebo (PLAGABA, gabapentina a 10 mg.kg-1, n=15), gabapentina-tramadol (TRAGABA, gabapentina a 10 mg.kg-1 e tramadol a 3 mg.kg-1, n=16) e gabapentina-firocoxibe (FIROGABA, gabapentina a 10 mg.kg-1 e firocoxibe a 5 mg.kg-1, n=16). Os fármacos foram administrados por via oral, exatamente uma hora antes do início da incisão cirúrgica. A indução anestésica ocorreu com propofol e fentanil, e a manutenção com isoflurano. Após o término da cirurgia, os animais eram extubados para então iniciar as avaliações pósoperatórias. Os animais eram avaliados no período pré-operatório (BASE) e em nove momentos de pós-operatórios (em minutos): 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, 360, 480, 720, 1440. Nas avaliações foi verificado pressões arteriais (sistólica, diastólica e média), frequência cardíaca, tempo de sedação e o escore (nível) de dor utilizando-se o formulário curto da Escala Composta de Mensuração de Dor (ECMD) da Universidade de Glasgow e a Escala Analógica Visual Interativa e Dinâmica (EAVID). Os resgates eram realizados com escore de seis pontos na ECMD ou de 30 mm na EAVID com morfina 0,5 mg.kg-1. No grupo PLAGABA foram resgatados 11/15 animais, que receberam um total de 16 resgates ao decorrer das avaliações e apresentando tempo até ao primeiro resgate (média ± desvio padrão) de 149±56 minutos; no grupo TRAGABA foram resgatados 14/16 animais, que receberam um total de 24 resgates ao decorrer das avaliações e apresentando tempo até ao primeiro resgate (média ± desvio padrão) de 199±144 minutos; o grupo FIROGABA foi resgatado 1/16 animais. Os escores de FIROGABA foram significativamente menores que os escores dos demais grupos do momento 180 até 720. O protocolo experimental se adequou à proposta da pesquisa, sem possíveis influências inerentes da execução do mesmo. A gabapentina isolada não foi eficaz, assim como a associação da mesma com o tramadol. O tramadol não se mostrou um fármaco analgésico adequado para o controle da dor pós-operatória nas condições propostas. O firocoxibe se mostrou um ótimo analgésico para o controle da dor pós-operatória e parece ter seu efeito potencializado pela gabapentina. A gabapentina contribui para a analgesia pósoperatória quando associado a um anti-inflamatório não-esteiroidal. / The control of postoperative pain in domestic animals is now a preoccupation, because it is extremely difficult to identify and poorly diagnosed, leading to animal suffering. In this way the crescents demand for establishing new therapeutic alternatives to control the pain. Gabapentin is an anticonvulsant drug that has been used effectively in the treatment of neuropathic or chronic pain process, and could be trend used as an adjuvant in the management of acute postoperative pain. This study will evaluate the potential of preoperative gabapentin administration isolated, associated with tramadol or firocoxibe in controlling postoperative pain in dogs. This is a blind, randomized, placebo- controlled study. Forty seven females canines weighing between 10 and 15kg were submitted to ovariohysterectomy. The animals were divided into 3 groups: the treated with gabapentin and placebo (PLAGABA , gabapentin 10 mg.kg- 1, n = 15) , gabapentin and tramadol (TRAGABA , gabapentin 10 mg.kg-1 and 3 mg.kg-1 tramadol, n = 16) or gabapentin and firocoxibe (FIROGABA, gabapentin 10 mg.kg-1 and 5 mg.kg-1 firocoxibe, n = 16). The drugs were administered orally exactly one hour before the surgical incision. The anesthesia procedure was induced with propofol and fentanyl and maintained with isoflurane. After completed surgery procedure, animals were extubated and the postoperative evaluations were initiated. The animals were evaluated at preoperative period (BASE) and at nine moments of postoperative (in minutes): 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, 360, 480, 720, 1440. During all moments of evaluations were checked - arterial pressures (systolic, diastolic and the mean), heart rate, time sedation and pain score (level). The Short Form Glasgow Composite Pain Scale (CMPS-SF) and a Dynamic Interactive Visual Analogue Scale (DIVAS) was used to pain evaluation. Morphine 0.5 mg.kg–1 was administrated as rescue analgesic when the scale resulted at six points score in CMPS-SF or 30 mm in DIVAS. In the group PLAGABA 11/15 animals were rescued receiving a total of 16 rescues and the time to the first one (mean ± standard deviation ) was 149 ± 56 minutes. The TRAGABA group 14/16 animals were rescued receiving a total of 24 rescues and the time to the first one was 199 ± 144 minutes. FIROGABA group only 1/16 animals were rescued. FIROGABA scores were significantly lower than the others groups at the time 180 to 720. The experimental protocol was appropriated to this study proposal without influences during execution. The gabapentin alone was not effective as well as the combination with tramadol. For postoperative pain control tramadol was not suitable by methodology proposed in this study. The firocoxibe was a great analgesic for postoperative pain control and its effects seems to be enhanced by gabapentin. Gabapentin contributes to postoperative analgesia when associated with NSAID.

Darbas atliktas Lietuvos Sveikatos Mokslų Universiteto Veterinarijos Akademijos Patologijos centre nuo 2012 metų sausio iki 2013 metų spalio mėnesio. Darbo tema: Kačių ovariohisterektomijos statistinių duomenų ir gimdos bei kiaušidžių patomorfologinių tyrimų analizė. Tyrimo tikslas - atlikti kačių ovariohisterektomijos statistinių duomenų ir gimdos bei kiaušidžių patomorfologinių tyrimų analizę. Tyrimo tema aktuali dėl vis didėjančio kačių reprodukcijos susidomėjimo, siekiant susilaukti sveikų palikuonių. Tyrimų objektas – katės (patelės, Felis catus), kurioms buvo atlikta OHE. Ištirti 227 kačių organai (n=227), ir apklausius jų šeimininkus, surinkti statistiniai duomenys. Vertinamos kiaušidės ir gimda, jų topografija, dydis, spalva, konsistencija, kvapas ir forma. Organai vertinami iš išorės, vėliau pjūvyje. OHE metu, įtarus patologijas, paimti kiaušidžių ir gimdos mėginiai histopatologiniam tyrimui. Ištirta 16 kačių kiaušidžių ir 13 gimdų. Mėginiai dažyti hematoksilinu ir eozinu. Kiaušidžių ir gimdos patologijos katėms diagnozuojamos retai (apie 7 proc.) ir dauguma aptinkamos rutininės OHE metu. Kiaušidėse dažniausiai aptinkami pakitimai - cistos, gimdoje - piometra. Vidutinis kačių, sergančių piometra amžius - 6 metai. Statistiniai duomenys apskaičiuoti Microsoft Office Excel 2007. Darbo apimtis - 56 puslapiai, naudoti 47 literatūros šaltiniai, 6 lentelės, 34 paveikslai. / This work was carried out in the period of 2012 January to 2013 October at the Pathology Center of the Veterinary Academy of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences. The title of work is “The analysis of feline ovariohysterectomy statistics and ovarian and uterus pathomorphological researches”. The aim of the study: to perform cats OHE statistics and ovarian and uterus pathomorphological investigations analysis. The research theme is relevant due to increasing interest in feline reproduction, in order to have healthy offsprings. The object of study is the cats (female, Felis catus), which has been conducted OHE. There were examined 227 cats ovaries and uterus. Pet's owners were interviewed in order to get statistical data. Topography, size, color, texture, smell and shape of ovaries and uteruses were estimated. Organs were examined from the outside, later in the section. Samples for histopathological examination were taken due to suspected pathology. There were tested 16 cats ovaries and 13 uteruses. They were stained by hematoxylin and eosin. Cats ovary and uterus pathology are rare (about 7%) and diagnosed mostly by daily OHE. Cysts mostly are diagnosed in ovaries, in uterus – pyometra. Average age of cats with pyometra is 6 year. Average age of cats, which was operated – 30 months. OHE is performed to terminate cats reproduction. Statistical data analysis was rated by Microsoft Excel 2007. The volume of work is 56 pages, 6 tables and 34 pictures. Total count of... [to full text]

Orientador: José Antonio Marques / Banca: Paulo Sérgio Patto dos Santos / Banca: Priscila Viau Furtado / Banca: Angélica Trazzi Bento de Moraes / Banca: Newton Nunes / Resumo: A metadona é um opioide pouco utilizado na prática veterinária, sendo que existem ainda, questionamentos quanto ao seu uso. Dessa maneira, objetivou-se comparar o emprego da metadona, administrada por via intramuscular e intravenosa e seus efeitos sobre os parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios e profundidade anestésica em cadelas submetidas à ovariossalpingohisterectomia. Utilizaram-se 16 cadelas (103 kg), pré-medicadas com levomepromazina (0,5 mg/kg, IM). Transcorridos 20 minutos, a indução anestésica foi realizada com propofol (5 mg/kg, IV) e a manutenção com isofluorano. Após 10 minutos, os animais receberam metadona pelas vias IM (GIM) e IV (GIV), na dose de 0,3 mg/kg, diluídos em solução fisiológica (volume total=1ml/5kg). As mensurações das variáveis frequências cardíaca (FC) e respiratória (f), pressões arteriais (PAS, PAD e PAM), eletrocardiografia (ECG), temperatura esofágica (TE), pressão parcial de dióxido de carbono no final da expiração (EtCO2), saturação da oxihemoglobina (SpO2) e índice biespectral (BIS) iniciaram-se antes da administração do opioide (M0), 20 minutos após M0 (M1) e a cada 10 minutos (M2 a M5). As mensurações do cortisol foram obtidas em M0 (antes do opioide), M2, M5 (30, 60 minutos após a metadona), M6, M7 e M8 (1, 3 e 6 horas após OSH). A análise estatística utilizada foi a de Perfil, testes t, de Tuckey, e Kruskal-Wallis (5%). Foram observados tempos de extubação e recuperação maiores no GIV. Com relação à f, FC, PAM, TE, EtCO2, SpO2 e BIS não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre grupos e momentos. Não foi observada diferença entre grupos para os níveis de cortisol. Entre momentos, no GIM, as concentrações de cortisol em M0 foram menores do que em M7. Para a escala descritiva (escores) não foram observadas diferenças entre grupos e momentos / Abstract: Methadone is an opioid little used in veterinary practice, and there are still questions about its use.Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of intramuscular (IMG) and intravenous (IVG) administration of methadone on cardiopulmonary parameters, biespectral index and analgesic requirements in female dogs submitted to ovariohysterectomy. Sixteen female dogs were used (10±3 kg), premedicated with levomepromazine (0,5 mg/kg, IM). After 20 minutes, propofol (5 mg/kg) was used for induction and the anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane. After 10 minutes, methadone at 0.3 mg/kg was administered intravenously in IVG and intramuscularly in IMG, diluted in physiological saline (total volume of 1ml/5kg). The initial measurement of heart ( HR) and respiratory rates (RR), arterial pressures (SAP, DAP and MAP), electrocardiogram (ECG), body temperature (BT), concentration of end-tidal carbon dioxide (PECO2), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) and biespectral index (BIS) was performed immediately before the administration of opioid (M0), after 20 minutes (M1) and then at 10-minute intervals (M2, M3, M4 and M5). Serum cortisol concentrations (Sc) were measured at M0, M2, M5 (30 and 60 minutes after opioid, and 1(M6), 3 (M7) and 6 (M8) hours after the end of surgery. The statistical analysis used was profile and tests "t", Tuckey and Kruskal-Wallis (5%). Times of extubation and recovery were higher in IVG. HR, RR, APM, BT, PECO2, SpO2 and BIS did not differ significantly among times or between groups at any time. No differences were observed between groups for Sc. Between moments, in IMG, Sc at M0 were lower than at M7. For the descriptive scale (scores), no differences between groups or among times were observed / Doutor

A cirurgia laparoscópica requer a criação de um espaço de trabalho intraabdominal, através do pneumoperitônio, e para isto utiliza-se o dióxido de carbono (CO2). As alterações sistêmicas relacionadas ao sistema respiratório ocorrem pelo aumento da pressão intra-abdominal, resultando em diminuição da complacência pulmonar, atelectasia, hipercarbia e hipóxia. A insuflação de CO2 com pressões intraabdominais acima de 8 mmHg produz alterações hemodinâmicas significantes, caracterizadas por decréscimo do débito cardíaco, elevação da pressão arterial. Para que a homeostase hemodinâmica e respiratória seja mantida são necessários protocolos anestésicos adequados e métodos de ventilação mecânica como, por exemplo, a pressão expiratória final positiva final (PEEP). O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar e comparar quatro protocolos anestésicos e ventilatórios distintos em cadelas submetidas à ovariohisterectomia videolaparoscópica eletiva, com uso de pneumoperitônio com CO2 e 12 mmHg de pressão intra-abdominal, sob anestesia geral total intravenosa. Para isso, 16 caninos foram distribuídos em quatro grupos: no grupo 1 (Zeepbloq) os animais receberam atracúrio (0,5 mg.kg-1), propofol (5 mg.kg-1) e fentanil (2 mcg.kg-1), todos em bolus, por via intravenosa, e seguiu-se com infusão contínua de atracúrio (0,5 mg.kg-1/hora), propofol (0,4 mg.kg-1/minuto) e fentanil (2 mcg.kg-1/hora) por bomba de infusão, e não foi realizada PEEP; no grupo 2 (Peepbloq) administrou-se o mesmo protocolo anestésico, porém realizou-se a PEEP de 10 cm de água; no grupo 3 (Zeep) os animais receberam o mesmo protocolo anestésico, com exceção bloqueador neuromuscular, e não foi realizada PEEP; no grupo 4 (PEEP) os indivíduos receberam o mesmo protocolo do grupo 3, porém realizou-se PEEP. Para o procedimento cirúrgico foi realizado pneumoperitônio de 12 mmHg com CO2 com duração variável. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: pressão arterial média, freqüência respiratória, saturação de oxigênio na hemoglobina, pressão parcial de dióxido de carbono expirado, freqüência cardíaca, eletrocardiografia e tempo do procedimento anestésico, do pneumoperitônio. Para hemogasometria foi realizada a coleta de sangue arterial, sendo obtidas variáveis de pH, pressão parcial de O2 e CO2, bicarbonato, CO2 total, excesso/déficit de bases e saturação arterial de oxigênio na hemoglobina. Não foram observados valores que representassem diferença estatística significativa entre os grupos (p<0,05). No entanto, houve diferença significativa (p<0,05) entre momentos avaliados a para pressão arterial de oxigênio, a pressão arterial média e a temperatura, independente do protocolo empregado. Ambos os protocolos empregados, anestésico e de ventilação, foram satisfatórios e, de acordo com a metodologia empregada, pode-se concluir que animais submetidos à ventilação com PEEP não apresentaram benefícios significativos quando comparados com animais ventilados com ZEEP, independente do uso ou não de bloqueador neuromuscular. / The laparoscopic surgery requires the creation of a space in the abdominal cavity through pneumoperitoneum and that using the carbon dioxide (CO2). The systemic changes related to the respiratory system occur by increased intra-abdominal pressure, resulting in decreased lung compliance, atelectasis, hypercarbia and hypoxia. The CO2 insufflation with intra-abdominal pressure over 8 mmHg produces significant hemodynamic changes, characterized by decreased cardiac output, blood pressure elevation. For the hemodynamic and respiratory homeostasis is maintained anesthetic protocols are necessary and appropriate methods of mechanical ventilation, such as the positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). This study aimed to evaluate and compare four different protocols anesthetics and ventilatory in female dogs submitted to ovariohysterectomy videolaparoscopic elective, with the use of pneumoperitoneum with CO2 and 12 mmHg of intra-abdominal pressure, under general anesthesia total intravenous. A total of 16 dogs were distributed into four groups: in group 1 (Zeepbloq) the animals received atracurium (0.5 mg.kg-1), propofol (5 mg.kg-1) and fentanyl (2 mcg . kg-1), all bolus, intravenously, and followed up with continuous infusion of atracurium (0.5 mg.kg-1/hour), propofol (0.4 mg.kg-1/minute) and fentanyl (2 mcg.kg-1/hour) by infusion pump, and was not held PEEP, in group 2 (Peepbloq) administered to the same protocol anesthetic, but was held on PEEP of 10 cm of water, in group 3 (Zeep) the animals received the same protocol anesthetic, except neuromuscular blocker, and was not held PEEP, and in group 4 (PEEP) individuals received the same protocol as the group 3, but was held PEEP. For the surgical procedure was performed abdominal pressure of 12 mmHg with CO2. We evaluated the following variables: mean arterial pressure, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation in hemoglobin, end tidal of carbon dioxide expired, heart rate, electrocardiography and time of the anesthetic procedure and of the pneumoperitoneum. Arterial blood was sampled for arterial blood gas analyses, and variables obtained from pH, arterial pressure of CO2 and O2, bicarbonate, CO2 total, balance of bases and arterial oxygen saturation in hemoglobin. There were no evaluate parameters that represented statistically significant difference between groups (p <0.05). However, there was a significant difference (p <0.05) between moments evaluated for the blood pressure of oxygen, the mean blood pressure and temperature, independent of protocol employee. Both protocols employees, anaesthetic and ventilation, were satisfactory and in accordance with the methodology employed, we can conclude that animals treated with ventilation PEEP did not show significant benefits when compared with animals ventilated with ZEEP, regardless of whether or not to use atracurium.