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This thesis is the final part of bachelors program of Nuclear Engineering at UppsalaUniversity (program code KKI1). The work has been carried out in cooperation withForsmark Kraftgrupp AB. The topic studied deals with possible improvements ofefficiency at the planning department at block 2 in Forsmark i.e. FMP2. FMP2 plans and coordinates over 3,000 operations which is carried out during theannual overhaul of block 2 in Forsmark. Inspections, fuel replacement and repairs areincluded in the annual overhaul. The overhaul shall contribute to secure and reliableoperation of the block. The overhaul shall mitigate the risk of unplanned downtime. Also accidents, financiallosses and damage to reputation among public and the Regulators (i.e. SSM and IAEA)shall be avoided. The time for overhaul depends on actions that must be executedand the complexity of the work. Normally, the overhaul time last for a number ofweeks and in rarely cases it can last for months. One topic in the thesis has been to find and describe a way for the planningdepartment (FMP2) to improve status control in ongoing overhaul activities and toincrease the planning department efficiency i.e. to save time for the planningdepartment. With better status control and faster work in the planning departmentthe total overhaul time can be expected to be shortened. Additionally the thesisdiscusses the importance of reliable and secure nuclear power management with therespect to society. The thesis is partly based on examine of current work practices, a literature studyand interviews with employees. The literature study addresses interaction betweenhumans and technology and how to accomplish good decisions. The interviews havebeen made to gather experiences from earlier used working methods. This report shows that FMP2 's current working model is good, although not perfect.It is probable that efficiency improvements at the individual level can be reached thatincreases employed personnel working capacity. Enhanced efficiency can also bereached by using better computer programs that manages the functions that currentlyrequire several separate IT-systems. A number of recommendations are given in thereport for how operations can be improved. Among other things, a proposal toexplore how extraordinary working efforts shall be rewarded. The nuclear power energy importance for the Swedish electricity power balance hasbeen discussed. The conclusion is that customers, electricity generators and thepublic benefits from reliable and secure nuclear power management.

Aero engines are made up of a large number of blades which are subject to wear and damage. They are expensive and must be repaired wherever possible. Engines also have small components which are required in small numbers that need to be developed rapidly. The first part of this research work focuses on developing a robust automated blade repair method using robotic welding. Optimal weld parameters were developed for build-up of edges having different thicknesses. Samples with varying Current and varying travel speed were produced and their micro hardness values were compared. Blade profiles were welded upon. The second part involves a methodology for producing small components using rapid prototyping (RP) techniques. This part involves use of 3D robotic welding for layered manufacturing. Tensile samples produced using the metal RP method were tested and results were found to be well above the minimum cast specifications for the given material.

Aero engines are made up of a large number of blades which are subject to wear and damage. They are expensive and must be repaired wherever possible. Engines also have small components which are required in small numbers that need to be developed rapidly. The first part of this research work focuses on developing a robust automated blade repair method using robotic welding. Optimal weld parameters were developed for build-up of edges having different thicknesses. Samples with varying Current and varying travel speed were produced and their micro hardness values were compared. Blade profiles were welded upon. The second part involves a methodology for producing small components using rapid prototyping (RP) techniques. This part involves use of 3D robotic welding for layered manufacturing. Tensile samples produced using the metal RP method were tested and results were found to be well above the minimum cast specifications for the given material.

La crise qui a démarré en 2007 a remis en cause les fondations de la théorie et du système financier. Cette théorie s’articule autour des postulats de la finance classique dont la « main invisible » et l’hypothèse de rationalité des investisseurs dont découle celle d’efficience des marchés.Cette crise a mis en lumière l’aspect psychologique des marchés financiers, aspect abordé par J.M Keynes lorsqu’il développait la notion d’ « esprits animaux » pour rendre compte de l’incertitude de l’économie. Jusqu’au début des années 1980, la compréhension de la psychologie a été le fruit d’une approche informelle.Depuis lors, la psychologie des marchés financiers est formalisée par la finance comportementale. Tout au long de son développement, ses tenants ont remis en cause l’hypothèse de rationalité des investisseurs sur des bases empiriques. Néanmoins, aucun évènement de l’ampleur de cette crise n’a autant invalidé les postulats du mainstream dominant.La théorie financière est à la croisée des chemins. L’hypothèse de rationalité des investisseurs est-elle valide ? Si oui, quelles sont les conditions de sa validité ? Si non, doit-on sortir du cadre de la finance classique et adopter celui de la finance comportementale? Ce sont autant de questions qui appellent à une refondation de la théorie financière.Le jury du Prix d’économie en la mémoire d’Alfred Nobel ne s’est d’ailleurs pas trompé en décernant le prix 2013 aux deux écoles. Cependant, les académiciens ne semblent pas trancher entre elles, reconnaissant ainsi leurs apports respectifs pour la théorie et la pratique financière. Cette récompense suggère néanmoins la question centrale suivante : les deux écoles sont-elles parallèles, complémentaires ou antinomiques?Le premier chapitre traite de la remise en cause des hypothèses centrales de la finance, à la base des modèles de gestion les plus courus. Le cadre de la finance classique n’a pas permis de donner une explication à la formation de la bulle immobilière pas plus qu’il n’a permis de fournir une solution unifiée à la crise. L’inadéquation des hypothèses du cadre classique avec la réalité apparaît notamment dans un contexte de forte volatilité et d’incertitude exacerbée. Cette remise en cause ouvre la voie à l’introduction de paramètres psychologiques dans la compréhension des phénomènes du marché.La finance comportementale développe la psychologie des marchés financiers. Le second chapitre aborde les concepts centraux de ce courant. L’analyse de ces concepts et du développement historique, épistémologique et paradigmatique du courant montre qu’il s’inscrit à l’opposé et, parfois, en complément du classique. Il n’en demeure pas moins que le cadre théorique de ce courant n’est pas encore achevé pas plus que la formation d’un paradigme dominant.Parmi les principaux résultats de la finance comportementale, les outils psychologiques apportent des clefs de lecture pertinentes des marchés financiers. Le troisième chapitre aborde les biais et heuristiques à la lumière de la crise. L’analyse de la crise montre que les heuristiques et les biais émotionnels ont pu conduire les investisseurs à des erreurs de jugements. L’attention et l’analyse se sont focalisées sur des croyances dans un contexte d’opacité de l’information et de l’environnement.La finance comportementale cherche à établir un cadre conceptuel plus élaboré. La théorie des « esprits animaux » a repris de la vigueur notamment chez les comportementalistes à orientation néo-keynésienne. Le retour à cette notion s’explique par l’importance prise de concepts liés comme la confiance, la corruption ou le rôle des histoires. D’ailleurs, les collusions corruptives et le fonctionnement du système ont failli saper durablement la confiance dans l’économie financière. Ce quatrième chapitre montre que la confiance et la corruption procèdent de la psychologie humaine et montrent le poids de celle-ci en situation d’incertitude et le rapport des hommes aux gains. / The crisis that started in 2007 have challenged the foundations of the financial system and the financial theory. This theory is based on assumptions of conventional finance including the "invisible hand" and the rationality assumption of investors which builds that of market efficiency.This crisis has highlighted the psychology of financial markets, aspects already addressed by J.M Keynes when he developed the concept of "animal spirits" to reflect the uncertainty of the economy. Until the early 1980s, the understanding of psychology has always been the result of an informal approach.Since, the psychology of financial markets has been formalized by behavioral finance. Throughout its development, its theoricians have questioned the rationality assumption of investors on empirical bases. However, no paramount event such this crisis has struck much the postulates of the dominant mainstream.Consequently, the financial theory is at the crossroads. Is the assumption of rationality of investors valid? If so, what are the conditions of its validity? If not, are we departing from the scope of conventional finance and adopt that of behavioral finance? These are all issues that are calling for an overhaul of the financial theory.The Jury of the prize in economics in memory of Alfred Nobel did not err in fact by awarding the 2013 prize to these two schools. However, academics do not seem to decide between them, recognizing their contributions to financial theory and practice. This award suggests the following central question: are the two schools parallel, complementary or contradictory?The first chapter deals with the questioning of the central assumptions of finance, at the base of the most popular business models. The framework of conventional finance has failed to give an explanation to the formation of the housing bubble nor has it helped to provide a unified solution to the crisis. The inadequacy of the assumptions of the classical framework with reality appears especially in a context of high volatility and heightened uncertainty. This challenge opens the way for the introduction of psychological parameters in understanding the phenomena of the market.Behavioral finance develops the psychology of financial markets. The second chapter covers the central concepts of this trend, in order to answer the central question of this thesis. The analysis of this trend and its historical epistemological and paradigmatic development shows it is opposite and sometimes in addition to the classic one. The fact remains that the theoretical framework of this trend is not yet completed nor the formation of a new dominant paradigm achieved.Among the key findings of behavioral finance, psychological tools provide relevant insights to developments in financial markets. The third chapter addresses the biases and heuristics in light of the crisis. The analysis of the crisis shows that heuristics and emotional biases may have led investors to judgment errors. The attention and analysis has focused on beliefs in an abstruse information and environmental context, allowing the development of heuristics. Consequently, the tools of behavioral finance can develop a mental map to this crisis.Behavioral finance seeks to establish a more sophisticated conceptual framework. The theory of "animal spirits" has regained momentum especially among behaviorists of neo-Keynesian orientation. The return to this concept is explained by the growing importance of certain concepts such as confidence, corruption and the role of stories in the context of this crisis. Moreover, collusion and corrupt system operation almost permanently undermine confidence in the financial economy. This fourth chapter shows that trust and corruption stem from human psychology and show the weight of the latter in situations of uncertainty and the relationship between men and earnings.

Разработана экономическая модель формирования инвестиций в попериодный горизонт до 15,30,50 лет и требуемой ставке дохода с применением функции «формирования фонда возмещения» определены равномерные периодические платежи, необходимые для получения итогового объема инвестиций в будущем. / An economic model has been developed for the formation of investments in a period horizon of up to 15,30,50 years and the required rate of return using the function of "formation of the compensation fund" determined uniform periodic payments necessary to obtain the final volume of investments in the future.

<p>This thesis will examine the effects of divorce on the benefit payable to a member of a retirement fund, where divorce has occurred before the member has reached retirement age. In&nbsp / particular, parametric (that is, piecemeal) amendments to the relevant legislation will be analysed in order to outline the development of the legislation relating to divorce and the consequent distribution of&nbsp / assets (including retirement savings). The previous and current legal position in South Africa relating to divorce and retirement savings will be set out and critically analysed to determine whether the current position can be regarded as an improvement upon the previous legal position, or whether other and/or new problems in this area have been created. Parametric amendments to&nbsp / relevant legislation have thus far been the subject of many cases in our courts and adjudicative tribunals. A systemic overhaul of a particular area of law is a useful tool in providing legal certainty&nbsp / and clarifying the laws applicable to that area. This thesis will therefore argue in favour of a systemic overhaul of the legislation applicable to the allocation of retirement benefits at divorce, as opposed to the ineffectual parametric (i.e. piecemeal) amendments that have been implemented thus far. An essential aspect of this study is a comparative study of South African legal principles&nbsp / relating to retirement benefits and divorce with the legal principles of this subject in the United Kingdom (UK).</p>

<p>This thesis will examine the effects of divorce on the benefit payable to a member of a retirement fund, where divorce has occurred before the member has reached retirement age. In&nbsp / particular, parametric (that is, piecemeal) amendments to the relevant legislation will be analysed in order to outline the development of the legislation relating to divorce and the consequent distribution of&nbsp / assets (including retirement savings). The previous and current legal position in South Africa relating to divorce and retirement savings will be set out and critically analysed to determine whether the current position can be regarded as an improvement upon the previous legal position, or whether other and/or new problems in this area have been created. Parametric amendments to&nbsp / relevant legislation have thus far been the subject of many cases in our courts and adjudicative tribunals. A systemic overhaul of a particular area of law is a useful tool in providing legal certainty&nbsp / and clarifying the laws applicable to that area. This thesis will therefore argue in favour of a systemic overhaul of the legislation applicable to the allocation of retirement benefits at divorce, as opposed to the ineffectual parametric (i.e. piecemeal) amendments that have been implemented thus far. An essential aspect of this study is a comparative study of South African legal principles&nbsp / relating to retirement benefits and divorce with the legal principles of this subject in the United Kingdom (UK).</p>

Magister Legum - LLM / This thesis will examine the effects of divorce on the benefit payable to a member of a retirement fund, where divorce has occurred before the member has reached retirement age. In particular, parametric (that is, piecemeal) amendments to the relevant legislation will be analysed in order to outline the development of the legislation relating to divorce and the consequent distribution of assets (including retirement savings). The previous and current legal position in South Africa relating to divorce and retirement savings will be set out and critically analysed to determine whether the current position can be regarded as an improvement upon the previous legal position, or whether other and/or new problems in this area have been created. Parametric amendments to relevant legislation have thus far been the subject of many cases in our courts and adjudicative tribunals. A systemic overhaul of a particular area of law is a useful tool in providing legal certainty and clarifying the laws applicable to that area. This thesis will therefore argue in favour of a systemic overhaul of the legislation applicable to the allocation of retirement benefits at divorce, as opposed to the ineffectual parametric (i.e. piecemeal) amendments that have been implemented thus far. An essential aspect of this study is a comparative study of South African legal principles relating to retirement benefits and divorce with the legal principles of this subject in the United Kingdom (UK). / South Africa