M.A. / Emergence of informal settlements on vacant lands in urban areas results from intuition and political decisions, and sometimes cultural background. So any available vacant land is used for settlement development and dwelling sites. An informal settlement named after Elias Motsoaledi, a political activist of the African National Congress (ANC), was developed in the south-western part of the city of Johannesburg in 1993. Motsoaledi informal settlement was established on a vacant piece of land where there are overhead power lines. Motsoaledi community members that have their dwellings in close proximity and even underneath overhead power lines are exposed to an environment that is surrounded by electrical magnetic fields (EMFs). There are no reported cases of biological and health consequences that have been caused by EMFs as yet. This study aims to focus on the health aspect of persons who have their dwelling in the vicinity of the overhead power lines in Motsoaledi. The high levels of EMFs around Motsoaledi is further excelerated by the zinc structures that are conductive to electricity and may result in electrocution for dwellers that are in the direct vicinity of overhead power lines. Longer exposure to athermal conditions may result in bio-effects and lead to changes in human health. Furthermore, effects from EMFs are possible electrocution, often causing immediate death of persons and destruction of property. Due to the lack of proper planning of informal settlements, such settlements become vulnerable to potential environmental hazards such as the destruction of structures. This study hopes to identify the plight of a particular informal settlement, namely, Motsoaledi as an isolated case to reflect dire conditions of most of the informal settlements around the country.

Background Shoulder pain and injury is common in both the general population and among athletes. Overhead athletes, such as handball players, are at an even higher risk of shoulder injury. There is currently no consensus regarding how or if these injuries can be prevented.  Purpose The aim of this review was to examine whether preventive training programs reduce acute and/or overuse injuries in overhead athletes. Another aim was to examine if training programs increase the strength of the rotator cuff in overhead athletes.  Method Searches were made in PubMed, Cinahl, and Sport Discus in March and April 2021. Ten studies were included in the study. The PEDro-scale was used to assess methodological quality and GRADE was used to determine level of evidence.  Results The methodological quality was “moderate to high” for five of the studies. The remaining five studies were of lower quality. The level of evidence was “limited” for prevention and “inadequate” for rotator cuff strength.  Conclusion The evidence for prevention of shoulder injuries was “limited” and the evidence for rotator cuff strength was “inadequate”. A narrower focus on one sport might result in more robust evidence.  Keywords overhead athlete, prevention, shoulder, strength

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No description available.

No description available.

Interest in more accurate assignment of overhead costs to establish credible product/service cost profiles has assumed substantial prominence in much of the recent debates on management accounting practices. While the promotion of new cost management systems and in particular Activity Based Costing (ABC) has promised to address many of the perceived shortcomings of more traditional and long established techniques, the lack of its implementation success raises some concern as to the validity and value of these new system designs. A major purpose of this thesis is the development of a mathematical model that is capable of computing overhead allocations on the basis of organisational specific dimensions other than DLH.While almost all data bases suffer from data entry and omission errors, the information content contained in the data bases often forms the basis for management decisions without first confirming the accuracy of the data base content. The model has been successfully applied and tested to detect internal consistency and data element detail accuracy. Future research may test the applicability of the model with more diverse data bases to confirm its generalisability as an investigative as well as predictive model. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 1981 / Vita. / Bibliography: leaves 97-98. / by Dorothy Elliott Sempolinski. / Ph. D. / Ph. D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management

Thesis (PhD) -- Stellenbosch University, 2004. / Some digitised pages may appear illegible due to the condition of the original hard copy. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The radio noise (RN) performance of an AC high voltage transmission line is a determining factor when accessing the reliability of the design. The conducted RN level across the terminals of a PLC receiver, used in the teleprotection system of the line, is of particular concern. In this dissertation, existing empirical and semi-analytical RN prediction methods are evaluated by comparing the conducted RN levels of four South African lines to the predicted levels. Existing RN measurement protocols are consolidated and a new RN measurement protocol is proposed for the comparison. A prediction methodology, based on the EdF, EPRI and IREQ semi-analytical methods, is formulated. The semi-analytical methods are not able to accurately predict the variation of the conducted RN with frequency in the PLC band, nor are they able to predict the RN performance of short lines. A wideband excitation function, which considers the statistical characteristics of the measured RN pulse train, is therefore proposed in this dissertation. Having investigated the extraction of this excitation function from ESKOM’s Megawatt Park corona cage, it is concluded that a small corona cage is required. The design of a small cage is presented and the extraction of the excitation function is described. Attention is given to assessing the effect of changes in space charge distributions. The effect of space charge collision with an insulated cage on the extracted pulse parameters is linear, provided space charge diffusion is negligible. The onset streamer, positive streamer and negative streamer corona modes were identified as the only modes with measurable RN in the frequency regime 150 kHz to 30 MHz. Formulas are derived for the prediction of the inception gradients for these modes. The RN performance of an ACSR Hare conductor is extracted from the small cage. The RN performance of the Acacia-Koeberg line is also approximated in the PLC band. The dissertation concludes that the proposed wideband excitation function method is capable of accurately predicting the variation of RN levels with frequency. It can also be used to predict the RN performance of short line sections, as well as the relationship between RMS, QP and average RN levels from a transmission line. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die korona-werkverrigting van ‘n WS hoogspanningstransmissielyn het belangrike gevolge vir die betroubaarheid van die ontwerp van die lyn. Die geleide radioruis (RR) vlak op die kraglyndragolf kommunikasie sisteem, wat vir tele-beveiliging gebruik word, is veral van belang. In hierdie werkstuk word bestaande metodes gebruik om die korona-werkverrigting te bepaal en dan met gemete waardes van vier Suid Afrikaanse lyne te vergelyk. Bestaande RR meetmetodes word saamgevat en ‘n nuwe metingsprotokol word voorgestel om resultate te vergelyk. Na aanleiding van hierdie vergelykings word ‘n tegniek ontwikkel om die RR van ‘n lyn te voorspel. Hierdie tegniek gebruik die EdF, EPRI en IREQ metodes. Die voorgestelde tegniek kan nie die verandering van die RR met frekwensie bepaal nie. Dit kan ook nie die RR van kort lyne bepaal nie. ‘n Wyeband RR bron word dus voorgestel. Nadat ESKOM se Megawatt Park korona-kou ondersoek is, is die gevolgtrekking gemaak dat ‘n klein koronakou die nodige wyeband RR bron sal voorsien. Ruimtelading bots met die klein korona-kou. Die effek van hierdie botsings op die pulsparameters is lineer indien ladingsdiffusie nie plaasvind nie. Die aanvangs, positiewe en negatiewe kanaalontladings (“streamers”) is identifiseer as die enigste koronamodusse wat RR veroorsaak tussen 150 kHz en 30 MHz. Die spanning waarby hierdie modusse voorkom, is bepaal. Die korona-werkverrigting van ‘n “ACSR Hare” geleier is bepaal. Die korona-werkverrigting van die Acacia-Koeberg transmissie lyn is ook gekwantifiseer by die kraglyn-dragolf kommunikasie frekwensies. Die wyebandbron metode kan die verandering in RR met frekwensie goed voorspel. Die nuwe metode kan ook gebruik word om die RR van kort lyne te bepaal, asook die verband tussen RMS, QP en gemiddelde RR vlakke.

Master of Science / Department of Industrial & Manufacturing Systems Engineering / Malgorzata J. Rys / Before year 2012 the US States must implement and continue using an assessment or management method to maintain traffic signs’ retro-reflectivity at or above the minimum levels adopted by FHWA. Overhead guide signs are a particular problem because past research has shown that with available sheeting types, external illumination may still be necessary. Newer sheeting types and more energy efficient and cost-effective lighting systems are currently available. Over the next several years there is potential for savings of tens of thousands of dollars if the states don’t have to use external illumination for their overhead guide signs, or, if more energy efficient, low cost lighting systems are used when necessary. A detailed literature review was conducted on minimum retro-reflectivity values for overhead guide signs, the legibility distance under reduced sign luminance and the lighting systems available for external illumination. There is no agreement found in the previous research studies as to what is the optimum or minimum luminance of the guide signs. In addition, a survey was sent to all state DOTs. This survey was focused on finding states’ policies regarding the use of sheeting type and external illumination requirement, and methods and lighting systems for maintaining minimum values for overhead guide sign luminance. The total response rate was 56% (28 out of 50 state DOTs responded). Out of 28 respondents 19 said that they have usage policy for the type of sheeting material used for overhead guide signs and 18 of them provided details about their policy. An equipment to control the illumination levels from vehicle headlamps was built and pilot tests were conducted in the laboratory. A pulse-with-modulation dimming circuit designed around the Atmel ARM-based microcontroller board and power MOSFETs was used to control the brightness of the headlights for the high- and low-beams. Field tests were conducted in the later stages during nighttime to evaluate three different types of sheeting materials using 10 human subjects from age group 18-34. The materials DG3 and Type IV were found to perform better than Type I material for nighttime visibility but they were not significantly different from each other.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:27:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 viviane tab mestrado 03dez2012.pdf: 1170965 bytes, checksum: 0f84be28c745330527884c188e8412d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-17 / The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a psychoeducational intervention through a randomized clinical trial with 177 primary caregivers of users Centers for Psychosocial Care (CAPS) in the city of Pelotas, Brazil. These caregivers showed high levels of overload through the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) and were allocated in two groups (control and intervention). The intervention group received six home visits and the control group only support standard of CAPS. After the intervention was performed a reassessment of overload. Sixty-six caregivers received psychoeducation while 64 caregivers no received. The group that received the intervention showed a reduction of 4.8 points in mean ZBI (p = 0.008), whereas in the control group the reduction was 1.9 points in the mean (p = 0.305). The results of this study showed that the psychoeducation group had a considerable decrease in the overhead, thus one might think that psychoeducation has fulfilled its role / Com o objetivo de investigar a eficácia de uma intervenção em psicoeducação foi realizado um ensaio clínico randomizado com 177 principais cuidadores de usuários dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) da cidade de Pelotas, RS. Estes cuidadores apontaram elevados níveis de sobrecarga através da escala Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) e foram divididos em dois grupos (intervenção e controle), o grupo intervenção recebeu seis visitas domiciliares e o grupo controle apenas o apoio que já vinha recebendo no CAPS, após o término da intervenção realizou-se uma novamente, nos dois grupos, uma visita de para uma reavaliação da sobrecarga. Cento e setenta e sete cuidadores (40,6%) pontuaram acima de 45 na escala ZBI. Após a randomização 89 indivíduos compuseram o grupo que recebeu a psicoeducação e 88 indivíduos foram alocados para o grupo controle. O Grupo que recebeu intervenção apresentou uma redução de 4,8 pontos nas médias do ZBI (p=0,008), já o grupo controle a redução foi de 1,9 pontos na média, não sendo significativa (p=0,305). Os resultados encontrados neste estudo evidenciaram que o grupo que recebeu a psicoeducação teve uma diminuição considerável nas médias de sobrecarga, com isso pode-se pensar que a psicoeducação cumpriu com seu papel