Introduction (Context): The purpose of this study was to measure and correlate pectoralis minor length (PML) and acromiohumeral distance (AHD) in male and female collegiate swimmers, overhead athletes, and a control group. Methods: Participants underwent assessment of pain related to impingement syndrome with special tests (painful arc, external rotation resistance, empty can, and Neer's impingement test), as well as range of motion, measurement of PML, and measurement of subacromial space via ultrasound. Design: Cross-sectional, correlational study. Setting: University modalities laboratory. Participants: 60 healthy subjects (20 swimmers, 20 overhead athletes, 20 controls, age = 21.5 ± 2.4 years; height = 178.7 ± 10.2 cm; weight = 76.9 ± 13.4 kg; BMI = 24 ± 3.4) with 20 subjects in each of the 3 experimental groups: swimmers, overhead athletes, and control. Results: Height-normalized PML for both the dominant and nondominant arms was positively and weakly correlated with AHD at 0° (r = .361; p = .002; (r = .277; p = .016) respectively. Differences were shown between groups in AHD at 0° but no differences were shown in PML. Conclusions: There was a weak positive relationship between height-normalized PML and AHD at 0° both in dominant and nondominant shoulders. Swimmers and overhead athletes were observed to have more AHD than controls.

Intellectual Property (IP) based Integrated Circuit (IC) design is an established approach for the design of a complex System-on-Chip (SoC). Porting the preparatory designs to third-party without enough security margin exposes an attacker to perform reverse engineering (RE) on the designs and hence counterfeiting, IP theft etc., are common now-a-days. Design obfuscation can reduce RE attempt by an attacker. In this work, we propose a key based obfuscation and anonymization method for a behavioral IP. Given a behavioral VHDL description, the assignment and conditional statements are modified by incorporating random boolean operations with unique random key bits. The obfuscated VHDL is then anonymized by random identifiers. The resultant behavioral model can be simulated correctly upon application of original key sequence. Simulation results with nine datapath intensive benchmarks with three different lengths of test sequences show that the simulation overhead is negligible (only a few seconds). We evaluate the probability of reverse engineering the obfuscated design and show that it is extremely low.

A key feature of recent agricultural extension programs has been the focus on increased participation for local, rural communities in the overall decision-making process. This move towards increasing community participation has raised expectations in terms of communication: communication between central research facilities and rural communities, between rural communities and central research facilities, and amongst the rural communities themselves. In order to provide effective communication along each of these channels, attention is turning to the extension trainers deployed in the field. For extension trainers this emerging communication role is distinct from, and supplementary to, the conventional technical training function. The thesis highlights the lack of effective training in communication skills in existing extension training programs. It identifies the flip chart as the most widely used visual aid for farmer training, and the overhead projector as the most widely used visual aid for in-service training. The thesis develops a comprehensive set of training competencies and content for teaching those two technologies, derived from individual task analyses and an extensive literature review. A range of strategic alternatives for the delivery of those competencies in a developing country are then formulated and examined. Central to the different strategies considered is the use of interactive multimedia as a key delivery technology. Two proprietary CDROMs have been designed and produced specifically to the support training in the design and production skills for overhead projector and flip chart technologies. The design, content and production of the CDROMs is described, and both technical and user evaluations are presented. The two CDROMs have been field-tested in Sri Lanka, across a broad range of strategic alternatives. The outcome is a set of guidelines and specific structures for training programs in overhead projector and flip chart technologies. The guidelines are generic and broadly applicable. The case studies also indicate a particular subset of preferred strategies for the future deployment of interactive multimedia-based training in developing countries. Most specifically, the thesis indicates a balance between and the need for mix of interactive multimedia modules along with face-to-face training support / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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Mix networks and anonymity networks provide anonymous communication via relaying, which introduces overhead and increases the end-to-end message delivery delay. In practice overhead and delay must often be low, hence it is important to understand how to optimize anonymity for limited overhead and delay. In this work we address this question under passive traffic analysis attacks, whose goal is to learn the traffic matrix. For our study, we use two anonymity networks: MCrowds, an extension of Crowds, which provides unbounded communication delay and Minstrels, which provides bounded communication delay. We derive exact and approximate analytical expressions for the relationship anonymity for these systems. Using MCrowds and Minstrels we show that, contrary to intuition, increased overhead does not always improve anonymity. We investigate the impact of the system's parameters on anonymity, and the sensitivity anonymity to the misestimation of the number of attackers. / <p>QC 20130522</p>

As the demand for energy increases, as well as the demand for renewable energy, Vattenfall, as network owner, receives many requests to connect new wind power to the grid. The limiting factor for how much wind power that can be connected to the grid is in this case the maximum current capacity of the overhead lines that is based on a line temperature limit. The temperature limit is set to ensure a safety distance between the lines and the ground. This master thesis project is a part of a research project at Vattenfall Research and Development that is examining the possibilities of increasing the allowed current on overhead lines in order to be able to connect more wind power to the existing network. Measured data from two overhead lines in southern Sweden is analyzed and the internal relations between the measured parameters are examined. The measured parameters are overhead line sag, line temperature, ambient temperature, solar radiation, wind speed and line current. The results indicate that there is a big load margin that could be utilized to increase the maximum current as long as further work could show that low winds at line height correlates with low wind at nacelle height. The results show that the sag versus line temperature is approximately linear within the measured temperature range. This means that a real-time-monitoring system measuring the line temperature should give adequate knowledge of the line position to ensure the safety distance. A model for the line temperature as a function of insolation, current, ambient temperature and wind speed has been estimated for one of the lines. Simulations show that a sudden increase in current at a worst-case scenario would give the operators about ten minutes to react before the line reaches the temperature limit.

Overhead transmission lines are periodically inspected using both on-ground and helicopter-aided visual inspection. Factors including sun glare, cloud cover, close proximity to power lines and the rapidly changing visual circumstances make airborne inspection of power lines a particularly hazardous task. In this research, a finite element model is developed that can be used to create the theoretical dispersion curves of an overhead transmission line. The complex geometry of the overhead transmission line is the primary reason for absence of a theoretical solution to get the analytical dispersion curves. The numerical results are then verified with experimental tests using a non-contact and broadband laser detection technique. The methodology developed in this study can be further extended to a continuous monitoring system and be applied to other cable monitoring applications, such as bridge cable monitoring, which would otherwise put human inspectors at risk.

This thesis presents a computational analysis of the magnetic field of low-frequency power transmission lines, and the approaches to its suppression. First, according to the structure of Taiwan's three-phase A.C. transmission network, this research calculated the distribution of conducting wires' magnetic field under specific configuration by applying the theories of Near-field effect, Biot Savart's law, and double complex number. Second, this research explored the features of various approaches to magnetic field suppression with magnetic-field vector analyses and Matlab simulations. Finally, two magnetic-field cancellation methods, the ¡§circuit space arrangement¡¨ and ¡§time phase permutations¡¨ were adopted to investigate their magnetic effects under various structures and combinations of transmission lines. This study reveals that the magnetic field can be effectively suppressed by using appropriate configuration of transmission lines in space and phase. By applying the result to the design and construction of transmission lines, we can meet not only the requirements of magnetic field reduction, but also the needs of the least cost.

With the rapid progress in manufacturing technology, the chip design is more and more complicated day by day. As a result, the circuit design with standard cell library becomes more significant. Standard cell is universally applied to cell-based design and the designer can complete their design quickly by using of the elements in standard cell library through cell-based design flow. Therefore, it is indispensable for VLSI design to utilize standard cell library for circuit design. Moreover, the low power design is getting increasingly important in the circuit design. Therefore, we design the cells with particular function and add them into the standard cell library so that the low power design can be more well-designed. In this thesis, we design and and the transmission gate into the standard cell library. In addition, we design two types of standard cells with TSMC 0.13£gm technology: a low-overhead latch and a modified transmission-gate based full adder. They are applied to design different low power multipliers with cell-based design flow and full custom design flow. Experimental results show that our proposed standard cells can reduce the power consumption of the entire multiplier efficiently.

Wind loading considered in the design of overhead transmission lines is based on extreme values of synoptic wind, i.e. boundary layer wind originating from largescale meteorological pressure systems. Localized high intensity wind (HIW) storms such as tornadoes and downbursts are a different type of extreme wind frequently causing failures of overhead lines. This thesis covers the design aspects of overhead transmission lines when subject to localized HIW storms. A comprehensive review of the literature is included on the effects of such wind storms on lines and on mitigation measures. Furthermore, several options for the design of self-supporting transmission towers against localized HIW are discussed based on numerical simulations of several simple load cases on four examples of lattice structures.