Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2002. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-78). Also available on the Internet.

The current study examined experiential avoidance (EA) as an explanation for parental overprotectiveness, a behavior often found among parents of anxious children. EA parenting theory posits that parents engage in overprotective behaviors in order to reduce their own anxiety. In order to test the theory, mothers’ electrodermal activity (EDA) and blindly-coded overprotective behaviors were examined when a child with SAD was engaged in a reading performance task. In line with EA theory, it was hypothesized that EDA levels would increase before an overprotective behavior (OB) occurred and decrease afterwards as a result of decrease in anxiety. The sample consisted of mothers with a child diagnosed with SAD (n=5) and mothers with a child with no diagnoses (n=5). Each mother-child dyad participated in an ABAB design protocol consisting of a baseline period, two 10-minute reading tasks, and a recovery period between the two tasks. Although mothers of both groups displayed OBs, mothers of children with SAD displayed OBs more often. In addition, mothers of children with SAD displayed more promotion of avoidance while mothers of normal control children displayed higher frequencies of control over the reading task. The EDA activity that surrounded the first occurrence of any coded OB was examined. Contrary to the hypothesis, all mothers (regardless of child’s anxiety status) displayed similar trends in their EDA data, with levels increasing but then decreasing shortly before an OB behavior occurred, rather than afterwards. However, one mother with an elevated social anxiety score revealed an EDA pattern similar to what was hypothesized. Possible explanations for these alternate findings are discussed and include a multidisciplinary conceptualization. The study’s findings hold theoretical and practical implications, particularly for parent training in the treatment of childhood anxiety disorders. Limitations such as small sample size and directions for future research are discussed.

For older couples facing a skin cancer diagnosis, the experience is stressful, not only for the individual with the diagnosis, but also for the healthy partner. Couples may use various types of coping and styles of support to deal with the stress, including relationship-focused support, which addresses the needs and coping efforts of both partners in response to and in conjunction with one another. The current study examined associations between perceptions of three styles of relationship-focused partner support, namely active engagement, protective buffering, and overprotection, and body image of the partner with skin cancer and quality of life of the partner with skin cancer and the healthy partner. Using data collected from 30 older couples (Mage = 70; SD = 7.25) with diagnoses of melanoma (n = 14; 47%) or nonmelanoma (n = 16, 53%), linear regression models, adjusted for the stressor appraisal by both partners, revealed that when partners with skin cancer reported receiving higher active engagement support, they were more likely to have a positive body image (B [unstandardized] = 35.54, p = .04). A significant interaction was found between active engagement support used by both partners (B = -8.78, p = .05), indicating that active engagement from healthy partners appears to benefit the body image of the partner with skin cancer when they themselves use less active engagement support. Both protective buffering and overprotection support were not associated with body image. Multivariate actor-partner interdependence models (APIM) assessed the relationships between support received by each partner and its association with their quality of life (actor effects) and their partner's quality of life (partner effects). Results suggest that active engagement support perceived by either partner was not associated with quality of life. In contrast, overprotection perceived by partners with skin cancer was significantly associated with their quality of life (actor effect: B = -10.81, p < .001), but was not associated with the healthy partners' quality of life. Additionally, protective buffering perceived by healthy partners was associated with their own quality of life (actor effect; B = -6.91, p = .05) as well as their partner with skin cancer's quality of life (partner effect; B = -8.15, p = .01). Nuances based on the sex of the person with skin cancer, type of skin cancer, the stage of skin cancer and couple's appraisal of the stressors of skin cancer are also discussed. Findings suggest that actively engaging with the stressors of skin cancer can contribute to positive views of one's body, whereas ignoring or avoiding conversations about skin cancer and overprotection provided by healthy partners might lead to poorer quality of life for both partners. These findings illustrate the influence of healthy partners, highlighting that how they give support when their partner is facing a skin cancer diagnosis may affect the overall quality of the couple relationship and couple outcomes. / Ph. D. / The experience of facing a skin cancer diagnosis is stressful, both for a person with the diagnosis, but also for his or her romantic partner. As an increasing number of older adults will experience a skin cancer diagnosis at some point in their lifetimes, partially due to the link between cumulative sun exposure and age, it is important to understand how couples provide support to one another. This study examined three styles of support, active engagement, protective buffering, and overprotection that partners can use to support one another, and how the support partners perceive can be related to the body image of the person with skin cancer and quality of life of both the partners. Thirty couples, with an average age of 70 years, participated in this study. One partner in each couple had received a diagnosis of either melanoma (N = 14; 47%) or nonmelanoma (n = 16, 53%) in the previous two years. Findings showed that when partners with skin cancer reported receiving higher active engagement support, they were more likely to have better body image, especially when they were using less active engagement support themselves. Neither protective buffering nor overprotection support were associated with body image. Next, this study examined whether support from one’s partner is associated with his or her quality of life (actor effects) and with the partner’s quality of life (partner effects). Receiving active engagement support was not associated with quality of life for either partner. Conversely, protective buffering perceived by healthy partners was associated with poorer quality of life for themselves and their partners. Similarly, overprotection support perceived by partners with skin cancer was associated with poorer quality of life of themselves. Findings from this study suggest that if couples can actively engage with the stressors of the skin cancer diagnosis such as through open discussions about their fears or worries, the partner with skin cancer may experience a positive view of his or her body. In contrast, avoiding or ignoring concerns about the skin cancer may not be related to body image, but can have a negative impact on the relationship. This study also highlights the important impact healthy partners can have when facing skin cancer. While receiving active engagement support was not related to partners’ quality of life, receiving protective buffering and overprotection support from healthy partners was associated with poorer quality of life for both partners. How the healthy partner provides support appears to affect both people, and may also be important for the couple’s relationship quality.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015 / ENGLISH ABSTRACT : The present study is a first follow-up assessment by means of parent and teacher reports in a cohort study conducted by Wege (2014). The study examined the long-term relationship between anxiety symptoms and behavioural inhibition in young South African children with the inclusion of parental overprotection as a moderator variable. The aims of the study were to determine whether the relationship between the anxiety symptoms and behavioural inhibition profiles of the 2012 cohort of young South African children changed within a one year follow-up period, while simultaneously assessing the role of parental overprotection. Parent and teacher reports included a Biographical Questionnaire for Parents, the Behavioural Inhibition Questionnaire, the Revised Preschool Anxiety Scale, and, the Parental Overprotection Measure. A total of 59 children of who 25 were female and 34 male were reported on. They were 3 years old (n = 3), 4 years old (n = 16), 5 years old (n = 22), 6 years old (n = 14) and 7 years old (n = 4). In keeping with previous findings, a positive correlation remained between anxiety symptoms and behavioural inhibition, even after one year. The moderating effect of parental overprotection was less strong than predicted. Nonetheless, a non-significant trend in the hypothesised direction was found: the relationship between behavioural inhibition and anxiety was strongest when simultaneously there were high levels of parental overprotection. The only significant difference found between scores of the initial study and that of the present research was that parents reported significantly lower levels of behavioural inhibition at the one year follow-up. Although at a non-significant level, both parent and teacher reports of anxiety indicated higher levels of anxiety at the year follow-up. Results need to be interpreted with caution in view of the smaller number of participants in the cohort study. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING : Die huidige studie is deur middel van ouer- en onderwyserverslae gedoen en is ʼn eerste opvolgassessering van ʼn kohortstudie deur Wege (2014). Die langtermynverband tussen angssimptome en gedraginhibisie by jong Suid-Afrikaanse kinders is ondersoek en oorbeskerming deur ouers is ingesluit as moderatorveranderlike. Die doelwitte van die studie was om deur middel van ouer- en onderwyserverslae te bepaal of die verband tussen die angssimptome en gedraginhibisieprofiele van die 2012-kohort jong Suid-Afrikaanse kinders verander het oor die verloop van een jaar. Terselfdertyd is die rol van oorbeskerming deur ouers bepaal. Die ouer- en onderwyserverslae wat gebruik is, was die Biographical Questionnaire for Parents, die Behavioural Inhibition Questionnaire, die Revised Preschool Anxiety Scale, en die Parental Overprotection Measure. Altesaam 59 kinders van wie 25 meisies en 34 seuns was, het aan die studie deelgeneem. Hulle was 3 jaar oud (n = 3), 4 jaar oud (n = 16), 5 jaar oud (n = 22), 6 jaar oud (n = 14) en 7 jaar oud (n = 4). In ooreenstemming met vorige bevindings was daar selfs ’n jaar later ʼn positiewe korrelasie tussen angssimptome en gedraginhibisie. Die temperende effek van oorbeskerming deur ouers was minder as wat voorspel is. Nogtans is ʼn onbeduidende neiging in die rigting van die gestelde hipotese gevind: die verhouding tussen gedraginhibisie en angs was die sterkste wanneer daar terselfdertyd ʼn hoë vlak van oorbeskerming deur die ouers was. Die enigste beduidende verskil tussen tellings van die aanvanklike studie en dié van die huidige studie was dat die ouers met die opvolg ʼn jaar later beduidend laer vlakke van gedraginhibisie gerapporteer het. Hoewel onbeduidend, het beide die ouers en die onderwysers hoër vlakke van angs gerapporteer tydens die opvolgondersoek. Weens die klein aantal deelnemers behoort die resultate met omsigtigheid geïnterpreteer te word.

Submitted by Lucienne Costa (lucienneferreira@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-04-11T15:04:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MISAEL SOUTO DE OLIVEIRA – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGEM) 2017.pdf: 3567770 bytes, checksum: 102f4839f729d6e1ef1648a5b837db9b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-11T15:04:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MISAEL SOUTO DE OLIVEIRA – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGEM) 2017.pdf: 3567770 bytes, checksum: 102f4839f729d6e1ef1648a5b837db9b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-28 / Capes / A interação dos materiais utilizados na fabricação de equipamentos com os ambientes para os quais são colocados em serviço frequentemente causa sua degradação. A fragilização por hidrogênio apresenta-se como um processo de degradação caracterizado pela nucleação e propagação de trincas nos materiais metálicos, como em tubulações utilizadas no setor de petróleo e gás, sendo classificada como uma das mais perigosas para a integridade estrutural, uma vez que pode ocorrer de forma repentina de difícil percepção, resultando em fratura catastrófica. Por conseguinte, é necessário envidar esforços para obter parâmetros e critérios que ajudam na seleção, inspeção e manutenção de equipamentos, onde as condições operacionais favoreçam a ocorrência de um ambiente de fratura assistida. Para isso, foram realizados ensaios com o aço API 5CT P110, pré-dopado com hidrogênio, seguido pela metodologia de passo incremental (step loading), norma ASTM F1624 (2012), em água do mar sintética com superproteção catódica. A solução de água do mar foi preparada de acordo com a norma ASTM D1141 (2013). O início de crescimento de trinca subcrítico foi determinado através da técnica de queda de potencial de corrente alternada. Os resultados mostraram uma diminuição importante na tenacidade à fratura de iniciação do aço e validaram a determinação do limiar de intensidade de tensões (KIHAC) do aço API 5CT P110 em água do mar sintética sob superproteção catódica. / The interaction of materials used in the fabrication of equipment with the environments for which they are put into service often causes their degradation. The hydrogen embrittlement presents as a degradation process characterized by the nucleation and propagation of cracks in metallic materials, as in pipes used in the oil and gas sector, being classified as one of the most dangerous for structural integrity, since it can occurring suddenly and difficult to perceive, resulting in a catastrophic fracture. Therefore, it is necessary to make efforts to obtain parameters and criteria that help in the selection, inspection and maintenance of equipment, where the operating conditions favor the occurrence of an assisted fracture environment. For this, tests were carried out with the API 5CT P110 steel, pre-doped with hydrogen, followed by step loading methodology, ASTM standard F1624 (2012), in synthetic sea water with cathodic overprotection. The seawater solution was prepared in accordance with ASTM D1141 (2013). The beginning of subcritical crack growth was determined by the technique of alternating current potential drop. The results showed a significant decrease in the steel initiation fracture toughness and validated the determination of the stress intensity threshold (KIHAC) of the API 5CT P110 steel in synthetic sea water under cathodic overprotection.

Notre système juridique laisse apparaître un déséquilibre entre droits et devoirs qui place le créancier dans une situation inconfortable face à un débiteur de mauvaise foi. L’ampleur de la crise économique mondiale, qui persiste depuis près d’une décennie, a institué un climat d’incertitude. Le manquement à l’obligation d’exécution des contrats en est une des conséquences principales, notamment l’inexécution du débiteur envers son créancier. De ce fait, le règlement est devenu la préoccupation majeure. Certes, l’inexécution est condamnée par le législateur, dans le but de conserver un équilibre entre les parties au contrat. Toutefois, malgré les nombreuses et fructueuses évolutions, une observation plus minutieuse de la situation fait émerger une surprotection sous-jacente du débiteur qui s’est vu octroyer de nombreux privilèges. A contrario, la place du créancier présente des signes d’affaiblissement dans notre système juridique et fonctionnement économique. Cette situation est préoccupante, dans la mesure où elle induit un ralentissement de l’économie nationale, dû à une fuite avérée des investissements en dehors de notre territoire, au profit d’autres pays européens. Cet état de fait se présente comme un problème subjectif mais également objectif, et il est nécessaire d’étudier les divers obstacles qui se dressent devant le créancier lors de la procédure de saisie du logement familial du débiteur. Le terme « obstacles » renvoie aux contraintes que le créancier doit prendre en compte, en amont mais aussi tout au long de la procédure de saisie, qui l’empêchent de recouvrer sa créance et par conséquent de réinvestir. Il est donc essentiel de proposer des solutions afin de répondre à un besoin de rééquilibrage des forces en présence, dans un contexte économique dégradé, qui suppose une adaptation du cadre législatif. / Our legal system in France reveals a discrepancy between rights and obligations whereby the creditor is plunged into a much more critical situation as compared to the bad faith debtor. The magnitude of the economic crisis that has lasted for more than a decade has causes a climate of considerable uncertainty. The failure to comply with the obligation of execution of contracts proves to be one of the main consequences, particularly the violation of the debtor’s duty to the creditor. Therefore regulations, in which lawmakers condemn the failure to meet contracts in order to secure a balance between parties, have become the main issue. However, despite a drastic and positive evolution in our legal system it appears when following the situatio more carefully that the debtor was in fact granted with numerous privileges. In fact, in our current legal system and economic situation the creditor’s position shows signs of weakening. This is an issue of concern. Investments are thus moving abroad, benefiting other European member states and resulting in a dip in our own national economy. As this is an eestablished fact, it is necessary to consider the various main obstacles in the legal framework, which the creditor has to overcome. One example is the case of a debtor’s family property seizure. The term « obstacles »refers to the contraint satisfaction process, before and during the seizure procedure, preventing the creditor from recovering her/his outstanding debt. As a matter of fact, the lasting unfavorable economic situation supposes to consider solutions in order to better balance forces, including changes in the legal framework.

Abstract not available

Les avancées technico-médicales contribuent à l’augmentation de l’espérance de vie des adultes atteints de cardiopathies congénitales (CC). Toutefois, ils sont confrontés à de multiples défis quotidiens, accompagnés d’un important fardeau de détresse émotionnelle. Des variables environnementales et sociales comme les pratiques parentales de surprotection durant l’enfance sont associées à l’anxiété dans la population générale, mais peu d’études ont été réalisées auprès de cette population. Notre étude évalue l’association entre les pratiques parentales perçues (globales ; positives : soins, structure, soutien à l’autonomie ; négative : surprotection) et la variance de la symptomatologie anxieuse, au-delà des facteurs sociodémographiques et de l’historique médico-chirurgical pédiatrique chez les adultes porteurs de cardiopathies congénitales (CC). Cette étude transversale a été menée sur 264 adultes suivis à l’Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal pour une CC. Les symptômes anxieux à l’âge adulte ont été évalués avec l’Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, tandis que la perception des pratiques parentales durant l’enfance a été évaluée rétrospectivement à l’aide d’auto-questionnaires validés, à savoir : Parental Bonding Instrument, Perceived Parental Autonomy Support Scale et Multidimensional Parenting Structure Scale. Les informations sociodémographiques et l’historique médico-chirurgical pédiatrique ont été recueillis dans les dossiers médicaux des patients. Des analyses de régression hiérarchique ont été effectuées et démontrent que les pratiques parentales perçues sont associées à l’explication de 9 % de la variance de l’anxiété au-delà des données sociodémographiques et l’historique médico-chirurgical pédiatrique. Les pratiques parentales constituent des cibles potentielles d’intervention visant à améliorer le profil d’anxiété des adultes atteints de CC. / Techno-medical advances are contributing to the increased life expectancy of patients with congenital heart disease. From birth, they face multiple medical, surgical, and daily challenges. This physical condition may be accompanied by a significant burden of emotional distress and poorer psychological health. Environmental and social variables such as overprotective parenting practices during childhood are associated with anxiety in the general population, but little is documented in this population. Our study assesses the association between parenting practices (global; positive: care, structure, autonomy support; negative: overprotection) and variance in anxiety symptomatology, over and above sociodemographic factors and pediatric medical-surgical history in adults with congenital heart disease (CHD). The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 264 adults followed at the Montreal Heart Institute for a diagnosis of CHD. Adult anxiety symptoms were assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, while perception of childhood parenting practices were assessed retrospectively with validated self-administrated questionnaires, namely: Parental Bonding Instrument, Perceived Parental Autonomy Support Scale, and Multidimensional Parenting Structure Scale. Sociodemographic and pediatric medico-surgical history information were collected from patients' medical files. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses were performed, demonstrating that perceived parenting practices explained more variance in anxiety symptoms (9 %) beyond sociodemographic variables and pediatric medico-surgical history. Parenting practices are potential targets for future interventions to prevent the development and maintenance of anxiety symptoms in adults with CHD.