Inköpsorganisationen har varit och är föremål för förändring. Vid sidan av denna förändring har Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) utvecklats. TCO sträcker sig bortom inköpspriset och innefattar enligt Degraeve et al. (2005a) alla kostnader relaterade till anskaffningen och kostnaderna användningen av en vara eller tjänst medför genom ett företags hela värdekedja. Utifrån en tillhandahållen förståelse för kostnaderna ett företag ådrar sig utifrån etablerade leverantörsrelationer kan TCO fördelaktigt användas vid valet av leverantörer och till att utvärdera prestandan av leverantörer. Ett flertal genomförda TCO studier har antagit ett snävt fokus och enbart fokuserat på en specifik produkt eller produktgrupp. Ett behov av att på en mer övergripande nivå granska och identifiera skillnader i kostnaderna ett tillverkande företag ådrar sig mellan olika leverantörer har därmed existerat. I enlighet med detta behov syftade denna uppsats till att övergripande granska skillnader i kostnaderna ett tillverkande företag ådrar sig mellan olika leverantörer utifrån ett TCO perspektiv. Detta uppnåddes via att genomföra en fallstudie av det privatägda tillverkande företaget Enics. Data samlades huvudsakligen in via intervjuer och en introducerad TCO matris används i presentationen och analysen av data. Ett flertal relevanta skillnader i kostnaderna fallföretaget ådrar sig mellan olika leverantörer identifieras och presenteras. Möjligheten att utifrån de identifierade skillnaderna uppnå kostnadsbesparingar samt hur detta inverkar på de identifierade skillnaderna analyseras. De identifierade skillnaderna kan utökas mellan olika leverantörer när företag eftersträvar att uppnå kostnadsbesparingar. Hur 23 traditionella kriterier anknyter till värdekedjan har även analyserats. Varav en del kriterier möjliggör inledandet av leverantörsrelationer är en del mer anpassade för den efterkommande utvärderingen.

Previous research has shown that people’s judgments about who owns an object depend on the amount and type of labor involved in acquiring it. While informative about the influence of labor on the acquisition of existing objects, little is known about how ownership judgments are made for objects that are created out of non-owned materials. The current studies investigated whether people judge that creation confers ownership, and how an agent’s intent influences people’s ownership judgments. Experiment 1 revealed that people view creation as conferring ownership, but that ownership is not established when an agent’s attempt to create fails. Experiment 2 revealed that creators own objects that they create intentionally, but not objects that they create without intent. Experiment 3 revealed that people consider true creation to be the result of intentional actions, and that those responsible for true creation are granted ownership at higher rates than those viewed as only having modified an existing object. The similar pattern of responses in previous research about labor involving acquiring objects and the current research on labor involving creating objects suggests that a general notion of labor could underlie people’s ownership judgments.

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This investigation is based on the data of the IPO on the OTC market in Taiwan for 1995 to 1999. We demonstrated that firms would use higher offering price to attract institutional investors, and lower offering price to attract small investors. Higher offering price abstracts institutional investors because of higher turnover rate of the IPO stocks. Lower offering price would attract small investors because of higher degree of IPO underpricing. We also show that the firms attracted more institutional investors` ownership would have higher performance.

Thesis (M.S. in Business Administration)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2009. / Thesis Advisor(s): Summers, Don ; San Miguel, Joseph. "December 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 27, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: PPP, public-private partnership, defense contracting, defense contracting, finance, Singapore, U.S., UK, Australia, off-balance sheet Includes bibliographical references (p. 53-61). Also available in print.

published_or_final_version / Housing Management / Master / Master of Housing Management

The aspiration for home ownership has widely spread across the society in Hong Kong since the Long Term Housing Strategy in 1987. The government is said to be fully determined to achieve the target of 70% home ownership rate on the assumption that home ownership is the aspiration of many in the community. Through asset appreciation during economic upturn, home owners enjoy substantial wealth accumulation. Income may be generated when trading up or down the property in the housing market. Home ownership is said to foster social and political stability, and also helps families to provide future financial security. However, house price has been dropped sharply in the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis that induces “negative equity” for many home owners in the society. Their home value has depreciated to the lowest and they experience substantial wealth depreciation. Many owners blame for the government’s home ownership policy. Finally, the government determines to reposition the housing policy and pledges to provide affordable public rental housing units for those in genuine need and adopted a free market strategy to let the housing market goes freely according to the demand and supply mechanism. With the booming of economic situation during the past five years, the aspirations for home ownership has been coming back again in the society, especially for the young people who are able to buy a flat under the current high house price and lack of suitable housing units in the housing market. Under this socio-economic background, this study aims at studying the home ownership aspiration of the young people. The study will be start from library research of relevant literature and papers about home ownership. After reviewing the development of home ownership policy in Hong Kong, a brief survey will be taken to conclude if the young people are aspired to become home owners. There are many socio-economic factors like age, martial status, income level, availability of suitable housing, house price, etc. that would affect the choice of their housing tenure. What factors influence the young people’s choice of housing tenure most is rather complicated. The housing choice that young people made varies throughout their lives depending on different social, economic and political background. Indeed, government policy is always hinged on the public’s housing aspirations and housing affordability. The formulation of home ownership policy should balance the interests of all stakeholders and ensure a healthy and sustainable development of housing market. / published_or_final_version / Housing Management / Master / Master of Housing Management

abstract / Real Estate and Construction / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Previous research has shown that people’s judgments about who owns an object depend on the amount and type of labor involved in acquiring it. While informative about the influence of labor on the acquisition of existing objects, little is known about how ownership judgments are made for objects that are created out of non-owned materials. The current studies investigated whether people judge that creation confers ownership, and how an agent’s intent influences people’s ownership judgments. Experiment 1 revealed that people view creation as conferring ownership, but that ownership is not established when an agent’s attempt to create fails. Experiment 2 revealed that creators own objects that they create intentionally, but not objects that they create without intent. Experiment 3 revealed that people consider true creation to be the result of intentional actions, and that those responsible for true creation are granted ownership at higher rates than those viewed as only having modified an existing object. The similar pattern of responses in previous research about labor involving acquiring objects and the current research on labor involving creating objects suggests that a general notion of labor could underlie people’s ownership judgments.

This study focuses upon elements of continuity and change in the developing landscape of the parish of Baschurch in north Shropshire during the period c.1550-2000. In considering a relatively neglected part of the English rural landscape, the writer examines whether landscape change in this area was unique or mirrored experiences in neighbouring parishes and the county as a whole. Shropshire as a county is understudied in terms of its landscape history and so this research project aims to redress this balance, whilst at the same time contributing to the growth of knowledge regarding rural landscape studies generally. The writer examines the themes of population, farm and fieldscape, land use, settlement and buildings, and transport. Analysis draws upon a wide range of documentary sources including a large collection of probate inventories, existing primary and secondary literature and oral testimonies, alongside an examination of structures and features in the present landscape. Analysis reveals the diverse nature of the landscape of the parish. It exhibits varying patterns of landownership, enclosure, field systems, land use and settlement. Research shows that in some instances experiences mirror those exhibited by neighbouring parishes: for example with regard to the enclosure of open arable lands, the rise of dairy farming and the emergence of settlement in areas of former woodland. Overall, this research demonstrates the importance of landownership during the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries in influencing the extent of landscape change. Landowner involvement affected field systems, farm size, land use, settlements and emerging transport networks. Research shows that single landownership of a township has often led to landscape change, whereas change has occurred more slowly, or has been inhibited, in areas exhibiting multiple landownership. This study reveals that during the twentieth century the role of the dominant landowner as a major influence on the landscape has been superseded by local government planning departments. Although subject to landowner involvement, the importance of transport developments in understanding landscape change is also highlighted. In addition to enhancing our knowledge of the rural landscape of north Shropshire, this research project reveals that through its varying patterns of landownership, field systems and settlements, the parish of Baschurch is a microcosm of the west midlands and borderlands landscape as a whole.