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Small molecule hydrogen bond donors have emerged as versatile catalysts in asymmetric synthesis. Within this class, chiral BINOL phosphoric acid is regarded as one of the pioneer catalysts used in several asymmetric transformations. The ability of the catalyst to activate the substrates could be controlled in two different ways. (1) Dual activation/bifunctional activation of substrate by hydrogen bond interactions or ion pairing with phosphoric acid or (2) By forming chiral BINOL phosphate metal complex that could significantly alter the interactions in chiral space. In particular, chiral alkaline earth metal phosphate complexes have unique advantages as catalysts owing to the ubiquitous availability of alkaline earth metals, strong Brønsted basicity of their counterions, mild but significant Lewis acidity of the metal and their ability to coordinate at multiple reactive sites due to large ionic radius. Chapter 1 summarizes the recent development of alkaline earth metal complexes in asymmetric catalysis. My thesis dissertation is focused on the application of chiral alkaline earth metal phosphate complexes in novel asymmetric reactions. In Chapter 2, we disclosed an efficient asymmetric one-pot synthesis of chiral 1,3-oxazolidines and chiral 1,3-oxazinanes. Chiral oxazolidines and oxazinanes are widely used as auxiliaries in asymmetric transition metal catalysis and also key structural motifs in natural products with biological activities. We developed a new synthetic method for chiral 1,3-oxazolidines which follows the enantioselective addition of alcohols to imines catalyzed by chiral 3,3’-(triisopropylphenyl)-derived BINOL magnesium phosphate to form hemiaminal intermediate, which then undergoes mild base mediated intramolecular nucleophilic substitution to afford highly enantioselective 1,3-oxazolidines and 1,3-oxazinanes in good yields. In Chapter 3, we developed the first catalytic enantioselective desymmetrization process for the synthesis of novel axially chiral cyclohexylidene oxime ethers. Even though these molecules were found to be optically active in 1910, methods to synthesize these molecules are scarce. We have developed an efficient desymmetrization process of 4-phenyl cyclohexanones with phenoxyamines catalyzed by chiral BINOL strontium phosphate complex to afford highly enantioselective products. We then extended this methodology to the dynamic kinetic resolution of 2-substituted cyclohexanones to form chiral 2-substituted cyclohexyl oximes in good enantioselectivities, as demonstrated in Chapter 4. We further demonstrated the utility of these compounds by converting them to chiral 2-aryl cyclohexylamines which are important synthetic intermediates.

O trabalho da tese apresentada é focado na aplicação de diazocetonas como intermediários avançados na síntese de sistemas N-heterocíclicos. No primeiro capítulo foi avaliada a reação de aza-Michael sobre as diazocetonas α,β-insaturadas, com o emprego de hidrazinas e hidroxilaminas como nucleófilos. Essa abordagem leva a formação de adutos de aza-Michael, que quando submetidos as reações de inserção N-H ou o rearranjo fotoquímico de Wolff, permitem o acesso aos núcleos de hexaidropiridazinas e 1,2-oxazinanas. Esses núcleos são encontrados em uma série de produtos naturais, apresentando diferentes tipos de atividades biológicas. Tendo isso em vista, foi planejada a aplicação da metodologia desenvolvida nesse capítulo na síntese da 1-(-)-Azafagomina e análogos. O capítulo 2 é focado na síntese de N-heterocíclos bicíclicos a partir de diazocetonas como blocos de construção, sendo esse capítulo foi dividido em duas partes. Na primeira parte foi avaliada à aplicação de diazocetonas α,β-insaturadas N-terminais na síntese de diferentes classes de núcleos N-heterocíclos, como as indolizidinas e pirrolizidinas. A estratégia sintética aplicada nesse tópico foi baseada na remoção de um grupo protetor de nitrogênio, a realização de uma reação de adição de aza-Michael intramolecular, e um rearranjo de Wolff fotoquímico para a construção da unidade bicíclica. Essa abordagem permitiu a obtenção de um escopo variado de núcleos indolizidínicos e pirrolizidínicos em bons rendimentos, e para alguns casos boa diastereosseletividade. A segunda parte desse capitulo teve como foco a síntese de núcleos [1,2,3]-triazólicos bicíclicos fundidos a partir de α-amino diazocetonas. A estratégia empregada para a construção da unidade bicíclica tem como etapa principal a formação in situ de um intermediário α-diazo imina, que via uma ciclização do tipo 5-endo-dig forma o núcleo triazólico bicíclico. A partir dessa abordagem foi possível a sintetizar um escopo variado de triazóis bicíclicos em bons rendimentos. / This work is focused on the application of diazoketones as advanced intermediates in the synthesis of N-heterocyclic systems. In the first chapter the aza-Michael reaction was evaluated on α,β-unsaturated diazoketones with the use of hydrazines and hydroxylamines as nucleophiles. This approach leads to the formation of aza-Michael adducts, which upon submission to the N-H insertion or the photochemical Wolff rearrangement, allows the access to hexahydropyridazine and 1,2-oxazinane cores. These units are found in a variety of natural products with different types of biological activities. Considering that we aimed the application of the developed methodology in the synthesis of the 1-(-)-Azafagomine and their analogues. The Chapter 2 is focused on the synthesis of bicyclic N-heterocyclic from diazoketones as building blocks. This chapter is divided in two parts. In the first part, the α,β-unsaturated N-terminal diazoketones were evaluated in the synthesis of different classes of N-heterocycles, such as indolizidines and pyrrolizidines. The methodology is based on the removal of a nitrogen protecting group, an intramolecular aza-Michael addition, and a photochemical Wolff rearrangement for the construction of the bicyclic unit. This approach not only allowed the synthesis of a broad scope of indolizidines and pyrrolizidines in good yields, but also good diastereoselectivity in some examples. The second part of this chapter was focused on the synthesis of bicyclic [1,2,3] triazolic cores from α-amino diazoketones. The strategy employed for the construction of the bicyclic unit is based on the in situ formation of a α-diazo imine intermediate, which upon a 5-endo-dig cyclization provide the bicyclic triazole core. The developed methodology allowed the synthesis of a varied scope of bicyclic triazoles in good yields.