Long-term care for the elderly people is a widely discussed topic in recent years not only among health professionals but also by the general public. And it will not change in the future. According to the Czech Statistical Office (2012) in 2050, the population aged over 65 will double and the population older than 85 years even quintuple. This work deals with long-term care for the elderly from the perspective of nursing, for the current demographic trends affect it significantly. Long-term hospitalization of the elderly in medical facilities is linked to many complications, not only physiological, but also psychological, social and spiritual. The aim of the thesis entitled "Long-term care for the elderly in nursing perspective" was to find out what the nurses in long-term care for seniors consider as the greatest problems, if they would welcome a change in competences in long-term care for the elderly, and to obtain an opinion about the long-term institutional care and long-term home care. Individual opinions of nurses from different departments were compared; what kind of solution to the current problems of long-term care for the elderly the nurses propose themselves. Objective 1: Find out what the sisters find as the most crucial problem in long-term care for seniors. Objective 2: Determine whether nurses feel the necessity for change in nursing competences in the management of long-term ill elderly. Goal 3: Find out what is the opinion of nurses about long-term institutional care for the elderly compared to long-term community care at home. The main research question based on the research problem and the research objectives was defined as follows: What is the prospect of long-term care for the elderly in terms of nursing? I decided for an exploratory approach. I was looking for another connection to general research question and examined them in depth. I decomposed this relatively broad topic covered by the research questions into several specific questions: 1. Will it be necessary to make additional changes in financing long-term care, due to a growing demographic age of the population increases? 2. Could nurses in long-term care for the elderly take over certain powers previously belonging to doctors? 3. Will the importance of providing nursing care long-term ill seniors at home increase? 4 Should be a long-term care for the elderly moved out of hospitals to specialized facilities? 5. Will it be necessary to increase the number of health care facilities with the focus on long-term care because of the growing number of senior citizens? 6. In connection with the increasing number of hospitalized elderly, will medical facilities have enough of gadgets? For the research was chosen a qualitative interview method. Nurses from various departments were interviewed and the outcomes were processed using the content analysis. Sisters? perspective on a long-term nursing care for elderly is: closer connection of health and social services, to increase quality of care, to strengthen the autonomy of elderly, dignified care for the elderly, increased use of home care and informing the general public about it, streamlining communication with seniors and their families, safer environment and to increase the motivation of nurses to provide the highest quality of nursing care.

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The diploma thesis "Spiritual Care for the Elderly as a Part of a Holistic Approach" addresses the question of how the support of spirituality can help seniors to cope with the difficulties of their lives such as the transformation of social and work roles, the loss of a partner or other close people, illness and dealing with the topic of mortality and the end of life, which usually come at this age, if not even before,. We are thinking about whether spirituality only affects people of faith or religion, or is given in some form to everyone. Thesis is looking for possibilities and approaches to spiritual care also for people who have not been interested in spirituality during their lifetime, have not expressed devotion, or turned away from for some reason. The interes tis given how spiritual care is provided in various senior homes in Prague as part of a holistic view on elderly. This work demonstrates various forms of giving this care, its use and evaluation from the perspective of clients, but also employees, volunteers and clergy. Keywords age, senior, spiritual care, house for seniors, holistic approach

The topic of the thesis Nursing Care of Newborns in the Process of Perioperative Care deals with specific and distinct features of such care from the viewpoint of nursing. The main objective was to specify all tasks of nurses in the process of perioperative care and the procedures they use. Last but not least, we focused on how the nursing care differs with regard to the age of newborns. The selected research method was qualitative research using semi-structured interviews with nurses from perinatology centers. The research covered 10 respondents with various levels of education and lengths of practical experience. Nurses most frequently understand the term of perioperative care as the care provided before, during and after a surgery. Most of them actually perform preparation of the child before the surgery and then they provide postoperative care. Only 2 out of the 10 respondents are directly involved in the surgery procedure and thus accompany the newborns throughout the entire process of perioperative care. The care provided before the surgery most often includes identification of the child, checking of its vital functions, involvement in blood collection, including intravenous cannulation, administration of prescribed medication, preparation of the surgical site and communication with the parents. Children are most frequently accompanied by their mothers and nurses need to communicate with them. Nurses transport the child to the operating room, hand the child over and subsequently take it back after the surgery. They also record all those activities in the medical files and in some cases they check signed informed consents. Intraoperative care consists mainly of monitoring of the newborn, assisting to the physician in airway management - intubation and during the entire surgery procedure. The most common surgical procedures performed in children are hernia, bowel and heart surgeries. The nurses also generally mentioned surgeries of developmental disorders. After the surgery nurses usually move the child to the neonatology intensive care unit which is equipped with a ventilator, incubator and all types of medication. They regularly check and record child´s vital functions, monitor the surgical wound and its proximity, intake and excretion, they provide nutrition etc. Nurses also assess the pain, most frequently using the NIPS scale, and they educate the parents. Post-surgery complications occur only sporadically and they include infections, bleeding or abstinence syndrome after administration of opiates. The collected data have shown only one difference relating to the age of newborns who underwent a surgery. Specifically, certain surgeries, e.g. of necrotic enterocolitis, are performed more frequently on less mature newborns. In general, most of the surgeries are performed on prematurely born neonates and extremely immature neonates. When asked what they would like to change or improve in the perioperative care from the nursing point of view the nurses primarily mentioned more contacts between the mother and child and consistent compliance with aseptic procedures. The responding nurses were mostly content, they praised the highly specialized care and the good cooperation between the nursing team and the medical team which consists of pediatricians and specialists. Results of those teams thus contribute to continually decreasing mortality rate of high-risk and pathological newborns and to better quality of life of those children after the surgery.

My work is engaged in the problems of foster care. In the primary phase of my diploma work i target on the arev in which the readers are acquainted with the concrete phases of foster care. Every applicant must pass this period to get the child in his her foster care. In my work there are involved the basic ideas and rules, that foster care relies on. In my research there are presentech opinions of fosters who hud to pass these phases. The main idea of my research was to jind out the fulings of fosters and their suggestions in the frocens of foste care.

FOSTER CARE IN PUBLIC AND IN PRIVATE LAW Abstract The diploma paper deals with the present legal regulations of foster care in private law as well as in public law. The institute of foster care is placed on the frontier of public and private law and the purpose of my diploma paper is to assess, after a complete analysis, which of these two law branches is the foster care closer to. The diploma paper is divided into nine chapters. The first chapter is dedicated to the institute of foster care in general. This chapter has to introduce the reader into the problems and to acquaint him with the basic way-outs. The second chapter defines the notion of foster care and its purpose. Also the historical way-outs are described there. We can see the progression of this institute, as we understand it these days, since 19th century. The essential modification came during the period of communism and the reinsertion of the institute of foster care came at the end of 90's in 20th century. The third chapter is about the present legal regulations of foster care in the legal order of Czech Republic. The sources of legal regulations of foster care, including international sources that govern family law, are characterized there. There are also mentioned single presumptions of the inception of foster care, requests on the person...

Children heart diseases can be divided into congenital and acquired heart defects. The acquired heart defects can be further divided into acquired heart defects, heart rhythm disorders, including hypertension, inflammatory heart diseases and heart failure. Children heart diseases can occur at any age, even if it is a congenital heart defect that is less severe. The goal of this thesis was to find out the specifics of nursing care of children with heart diseases who are hospitalized at ICU and to find out the most common nursing diagnoses according to NANDA II taxonomy, and their treatment in case of children with heart diseases who are hospitalized at ICU. During the realization of the research part, a qualitative research survey was conducted using semi-structured interviews with the nurses, participant observation and the method of content analysis, which provide a more complex view of the composition of the children with heart disease hospitalized at ICU. The interviews were conducted with the nurses at the children's ICU, where the participant observation and the method of content analysis took place as well. The results of the research show that nursing care differs in the case of cardiologic disordered children and otherwise disordered children in some areas, as well as the needs. In the research part it was found out what the most frequent nursing interventions in case of these children are and how much they differ from the interventions of children with other diseases, who are also hospitalized at ICU. Furthermore, the research shows that nurses have a negative opinion on nursing diagnoses, although they are used in the documentation. This was found not only in the semi-structured interviews with the nurses, but also during the participated observation and the content analysis of the documentation. The research also revealed that some nursing diagnoses are specific to cardiologic disordered children, but, for example, the nursing diagnosis of the risk of infection associated with invasive entry is used in case of all children hospitalized at ICU. The diploma thesis should inform nurses about nursing care in case of children with heart disease hospitalized at ICU.

Children heart diseases can be divided into congenital and acquired heart defects. The acquired heart defects can be further divided into acquired heart defects, heart rhythm disorders, including hypertension, inflammatory heart diseases and heart failure. Children heart diseases can occur at any age, even if it is a congenital heart defect that is less severe. The diploma thesis should bring nurses closer to the problems of nursing care of children with heart diseases hospitalized at the ICU. The goal of this thesis was to find out the specifics of nursing care of children with heart diseases who are hospitalized at the ICU and to find out the most common nursing diagnoses according to NANDA II taxonomy, and their treatment in case of children with heart diseases who are hospitalized at the ICU. During the realization of the research part, a qualitative research survey was used using semi-structured interviews with the nurses involved in the observation. And a summarization that provides a more comprehensive view of the composition of children with heart diseases hospitalized at the ICU. The interviews were conducted with the nurses at the children's ICU, where the participant observation took place as well. In the research section the most common nursing interventions in case of these children were described and how much they differ from interventions in case of children with other illnesses that are also hospitalized at the ICU. Further, we have also found out the most common nursing diagnoses of children with heart diseases hospitalized at the ICU.

Substitute family care is a form of care for abandoned or orphaned children when a child is brought up by foster parents in an environment which is similar to a natural family environment. In the Czech Republic, there are various forms of substitute family care, mainly adoption and foster care. Arranging foster care means seeking children who are suitable for placement in foster care and finding correspondent foster parents for those children. There are few different groups of children acceptable for foster care. One of those groups includes children with handicap. Handicap means an obstacle, difficulty, disadvantage or unfavourable situation which ensues from a limited ability or even inability of an individual to assert as well as other people. The aim of this dissertation is to asses foster care situation abroad and to compare foster care for children with handicap in South Bohemia and Pilsner Regions. Based on the aim, two hypothesis were determined. The first one: Variability of different foster care forms in the Czech Republic is not optimal compared to abroad. The second one: Comparison results of data from both surveyed regions will not be fundamentally different. Secondary data analysis method was used for the survey. The data was acquied from available professional literature and foster family files from Foster Care Centre of South Bohemia County Council in České Budějovice and Pilsner County Council in Plzeň. Required data were gathered from foster parents' records and fostered children documentation from 2001 to 2005. The established aim was accomplished. The first hypothesis was confirmed. The second hypothesis was not confirmed. The survey established that some European countries have already introduced further forms or foster care, especially professional foster care. This form of foster care is not available in our country yet but as the interest to become foster parents decreases in the Czech Republic, professional foster care may be the solution of this situation. Furthermore, the survey established that there is hardly any difference among foster parents and fostered children in individual character in both counties. However, there is a distinctive difference in the amount of foster parents who accepted a child to foster care. The same situation arises in the amount of children placed in foster care. Contribution of this dissertation for the health and social section consists in a creation of statistics during the years 2001-2005 and in an estimate of characteristics of foster parents which can assist in searching for new foster parents.