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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
241

A new synthetic strategy for low-dimensional compounds : Lone pair cations and alkaline earth spacers

Fredrickson, Rie Takagi January 2008 (has links)
Complex transition metals oxyhalides containing a lone pair element, such as tellurium (IV), form an attractive research field because there is a high probability of finding new low-dimensionally arranged compounds and, particularly, a low-dimensionally arranged transition metals substructures, leading to interesting physical properties. Tellurium (IV) can drive the formation of many unusual structures because of its stereochemically active lone pair electrons, E. It commonly takes a coordination of three or four oxygen atoms to form either a TeO3E square pyramid or a TeO3+1E trigonal bipyramid. These lone pairs are very important players involved in lowering the dimensionality of crystal structures. Previous studies in transition metal tellurium (IV) oxohalide quarternary systems revealed a family of compounds, many of which exhibit interesting properties e.g. magnetic frustration. The unique point of this thesis is to employ alkaline earth elements (AE) to augment this ability of lone pair elements to lower the dimensionality of the transition metal arrangements. By this double usage of “chemical scissors” (a lone pair element used in conjunction with alkaline earth elements) we obtained new types of low-dimensionally arranged compounds. This thesis is focused on the syntheses and characterization of a series of compounds in the pentanary (five components) system AE-TeIV-TM-O-X (AE=alkaline earth metal, TM=transition metal and X=halogen), in which nine new compounds were found. The crystal structures of each of these compounds were determined by the single crystal X-ray diffraction data.
242

Integrating Bandwidth Measurement into TCP

Sun, Shi-Sheng 25 July 2007 (has links)
Conventional TCP is window based, which exploits the sliding window mechanism to conduct the flow control. It increases the sending window additively and decreases the sending window multiplicatively in response to successful transmission and, packet loss/timeout events respectively. While the mechanism works quite well in normal networks, TCP can hardly reach the ideal bandwidth utilization in long fat networks (LFNs) due to long delay and bursts of packet losses. Besides, as wireless and mobile computing has become popular today, packet loss in such networks may occur due to noise, interference and handoff across different domains. TCP could not react to different situations effectively as it sees all packet losses as an indication of network congestion. In this thesis, we proposed a new transmission control mechanism called Active Rate Anchoring TCP (ARCH-TCP). In ARCH-TCP, we explicitly integrate bandwidth measurement into TCP to solve the aforementioned problem. Specifically, we exploit packet-pair measurement to quickly estimate bandwidth share and then RTT variation is observed to compensate measurement error. We built the model in J-Sim network simulator to evaluate the effectiveness of our proposal. We found that ARCH-TCP can react to network conditions quickly and precisely in both wired and wireless networks and both in the normal networks and LFNs.
243

Quantum effects in nanoscale Josephson junction circuits

Corlevi, Silvia January 2006 (has links)
This thesis presents the results of an experimental study on single-charge effects in nanoscale Josephson junctions and Cooper pair transistors (CPTs). In nanoscale Josephson junctions the charging energy EC becomes significant at sub-Kelvin temperatures and single-charge effects, such as the Coulomb blockade of Cooper pair tunneling, influence the transport properties. In order to observe charging effects in a single Josephson junction, the impedance of the electromagnetic environment surrounding the junction has to be larger than the quantum resistance (RQ=h/4e2≈6.45kΩ). In this work the high impedance environment is obtained by biasing the sample under test (single Josephson junction or CPT) with four one-dimensional Josephson junction arrays having SQUID geometry. The advantage of this configuration is the possibility of tuning in situ the effective impedance of the electromagnetic environment. By applying a magnetic field perpendicular to the SQUID loops, the Josephson energy EJ of the SQUIDs is suppressed, resulting in an increase of the measured zero bias resistance of the arrays of several orders of magnitude (104< R0 (Ω) <109). This bias method enables the measurement of the same sample in environments with different impedance. As the impedance of the environment is increased, the current-voltage characteristics (IVCs) of the single Josephson junction and of the CPT show a well defined Coulomb blockade feature with a region of negative differential resistance, signature of the coherent tunneling of single Cooper pairs. The measured IVCs of a single Josephson junction with SQUID geometry in the high impedance environment show a qualitative agreement with the Bloch band theory as the EJ/EC ratio of the junction is tuned with the magnetic field. We also studied a single nontunable Josephson junction with strong coupling (EJ/EC > 1), where the exact dual of the overdamped Josephson effect is realized, resulting in a dual shape of the IVC, where the roles of current and voltage are exchanged. Here, we make for the first time a detailed quantitative comparison with a theory which includes the effect of fluctuations due to the finite temperature of the environment. The measurements on CPTs in the high impedance environment showed that the Coulomb blockade voltage is modulated periodically by the gate-induced charge. The gate-voltage dependence of the CPT changes from e-periodic to 2e-periodic as the impedance of the environment is increased. The high impedance environment reduces quasiparticle tunneling rates, thereby restoring the even parity of the CPT island. This behavior suggests that high impedance leads can be used to effectively suppress quasiparticle poisoning. / QC 20100928
244

Investigation of Cryo-Cooled Microcoils for MRI

Godley, Richard Franklin 2011 August 1900 (has links)
When increasing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) resolution into the micron scale, image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be maintained by using small radiofrequency (RF) coils in close proximity to the sample being imaged. Micro-scale RF coils (microcoils) can be easily fabricated on chip and placed adjacent to a sample under test. However, the high series resistance of microcoils limits the SNR due to the thermal noise generated in the copper. Cryo-cooling is a potential technique to reduce thermal noise in microcoils, thereby recovering SNR. In this research, copper microcoils of two different geometries have been cryo-cooled using liquid nitrogen. Quality-factor (Q) measurements have been taken to quantify the reduction in resistance due to cryo-cooling. Image SNR has been compared between identical coils at room temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature. The relationship between the drop in series resistance and the increase in image SNR has been analyzed, and these measurements compared to theory. While cryo-cooling can bring about dramatic increases in SNR, the extremely low temperature of liquid nitrogen is incompatible with living tissue. In general, the useful imaging region of a coil is approximately as deep as the coil diameter, thus cryo-cooling of coils has been limited in the past to larger coils, such that the thickness of a conventional cryostat does not put the sample outside of the optimal imaging region. This research utilizes a scheme of microfluidic cooling (developed in the Texas A&M NanoBio Systems Lab), which greatly reduces the volume of liquid nitrogen required to cryo-cool the coil. Along with a small gas phase nitrogen gap, this eliminates the need for a bulky cryostat. This thesis includes a review of the existing literature on cryo-cooled coils for MRI, as well as a review of planar pair coils and spiral microcoils in MR applications. Our methods of fabricating and testing these coils are described, and the results explained and analyzed. An image SNR improvement factor of 1.47 was achieved after cryo-cooling of a single planar pair coil, and an improvement factor of 4 was achieved with spiral microcoils.
245

Improving maintainability on modern cross-platform projects

Berglund, Dan January 2013 (has links)
As software systems grow in size they will also grow in complexity. If the increased complexity is not managed the system will be increasingly difficult to maintain. The effect of unmaintainable software is even more distinct when using a agile development process. By increasing the maintainability of the system these problems will be dealt with and the system can be extended with sustained efficiency. This thesis will evaluate the development process of a modern, agile company in order to find changes that will promote increased maintainability. The result is an modified process that will increase the maintainability with the smallest possible overhead for the development organisation. The result is based on earlier studies of development technologies that have proven to increase the maintainability. The implementation of these technologies are adjusted to fit the development team, and some of the technologies that are not suitable for the team are rejected.
246

Effets soutenus d'un programme d'enrichissement de la lecture implanté en première année du primaire

Bergeron, Laurence January 2007 (has links) (PDF)
L'importance de la lecture n'a plus à être démontrée. Cet apprentissage, long et complexe, permet l'accès à tout un monde de formation et d'informations. Il importe donc de prévenir les difficultés pouvant survenir lors de l'acquisition de cette habileté, en intervenant rapidement. C'est dans une telle optique qu'ont été développés et testés plusieurs programmes d'enrichissement de la lecture s'adressant aux élèves du début du primaire. Ce mémoire vise à évaluer les effets d'un programme destiné aux élèves de première année, Apprendre à lire à deux. En particulier, le mémoire cherche à déterminer si ce programme exerce un effet préventif, c'est-à-dire s'il y a un effet positif soutenu sur les habiletés en lecture des élèves. Trente et un enseignants et leurs élèves ont participé à l'étude. Un schème expérimental a été utilisé. Les classes de première année ont été assignées au hasard à une condition contrôle (activités régulières d'enseignement) ou à une condition intervention. Dans les classes de cette dernière condition, l'enseignement de la lecture a été enrichi à l'aide des activités du programme Apprendre à lire à deux. Les activités visaient l'apprentissage des habiletés suivantes: connaître le son des lettres, décoder des mots réguliers et lire globalement des mots irréguliers. De plus, les élèves devaient lire de courtes histoires. Les activités étaient réalisées en tutorat par les pairs, c'est-à-dire que les élèves étaient jumelés deux à deux, un plus fort avec un plus faible. Les habiletés en lecture de sept élèves (cinq faibles et deux moyens) par classe ont été évaluées immédiatement après que les activités aient été discontinuées, soit à la fin de la première année, et un an plus tard, alors que les élèves étaient à la fin de leur deuxième année du primaire. Des analyses descriptives (tailles d'effet) et inférentielles (multi-niveaux) ont été réalisées afin de déterminer si l'intervention avait des effets immédiats au post-test et si ces éventuels effets bénéfiques se maintenaient avec le temps, c'est-à-dire s'ils étaient encore détectables au suivi. Ces analyses ont été réalisées séparément pour les élèves initialement faibles et moyens, parce que nous avions formulé l'hypothèse que les acquis seraient plus susceptibles de s'estomper entre le post-test et le suivi pour les élèves les plus faibles. Les analyses réalisées au post-test à la fin de la première année indiquent que le programme a eu des effets bénéfiques sur les habiletés en lecture des élèves, en particulier pour les élèves moyens, mais aussi pour les élèves faibles. Malheureusement, ces acquis se sont généralement estompés entre le post-test et le suivi, sauf en ce qui concerne les habiletés de décodage des élèves faibles. Contrairement à ce qui était prévu, c'est donc chez ces derniers élèves que des acquis durables ont été observés. Nous considérons que les résultats sur la dissipation des gains en lecture indiquent qu'il est préférable de miser sur un enrichissement continu de l'enseignement de la lecture plutôt que sur une approche strictement préventive, c'est-à-dire visant uniquement les élèves plus jeunes. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Enseignement, Lecture, Première année primaire, Effets soutenus, Tutorat par les pairs.
247

L'effet du tutorat par les pairs sur la compréhension en lecture d'élèves de milieu défavorisé

Carboni, Roxane January 2007 (has links) (PDF)
Cette recherche vise à évaluer l'efficacité d'activités d'enseignement de la compréhension en lecture: Lire à deux, c'est mieux. L'échantillon est formé d'élèves de milieu très défavorisé. Les deux classes participantes incluaient plusieurs élèves faibles ou en difficultés d'apprentissage. Dans une classe, les activités usuelles d'enseignement de la lecture ont été utilisées. Dans l'autre classe, les activités de Lire à deux, c'est mieux ont été introduites après l'établissement d'un niveau de base. Des évaluations bimensuelles ont été utilisées afin de mesurer les progrès de compréhension en lecture. Contrairement à ce qui était anticipé, les élèves de la classe expérimentale n'ont pas progressé davantage que leurs vis-à-vis de la classe contrôle. Ces résultats non-concluants pourraient être attribués à l'écart entre les habiletés enseignées et évaluées et au fait que les activités de Lire à deux, c'est mieux s'inspirent d'activités qui ne sont possiblement pas pertinentes pour les élèves de milieu très défavorisé. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Compréhension en lecture, Milieu défavorisé, Difficulté d'apprentissage et activités d'enseignement.
248

Enhancing Dependency Pair Method using Strong Computability in Simply-Typed Term Rewriting

草刈, 圭一朗, Kusakari, Keiichirou, 酒井, 正彦, Sakai, Masahiko January 2007 (has links)
No description available.
249

Higher-Order Path Orders Based on Computability

KUSAKARI, Keiichirou 01 February 2004 (has links)
No description available.
250

Static Dependency Pair Method for Simply-Typed Term Rewriting and Related Technique

SAKAI, Masahiko, KUSAKARI, Keiichirou 01 February 2009 (has links)
No description available.

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