Inaug.-Diss.--Königsberg i. Pr. / At head of title: Aus dem botanischen und dem pharmazeutisch-chemischen Institut der Universität Königsberg. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Inaugural dissertation (Ph. D.)--Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Berlin, 1932. / Cover title. Bibliography : p.[53]

Tesis entregada a la Universidad De Chile en cumplimiento parcial de los requisitos para optar al grado de Magíster en Ciencias Biológicas. / Diversos estudios han dado cuenta de la variación de una serie de rasgos que podrían permitir a las especies invasoras mejorar su desempeño en zonas de mayor altitud. Para esta variación se reconoce que la plasticidad fenotípica tendría gran relevancia. Sin embargo, recientemente se ha propuesto que la adaptación por selección natural podría ser tan importante como la plasticidad fenotípica, incluso más relevante para especies capaces de colonizar mayores altitudes, particularmente en los límites del rango altitudinal. En este trabajo se estudió el rol que podría tener la selección para la variación de rasgos ecofisiológicos en la planta invasora Eschscholzia californica, en un gradiente altitudinal. Se estudiaron dos sitios en la Cordillera de los Andes en Chile central, a 1180 (Sitio 1) y 2220 msnm (Sitio 2). Se observó mayor conductancia estomática máxima y densidad estomática, y menor tamaño de estomas a mayor altitud. En cuanto al análisis de selección fenotípica, la mayoría de los rasgos estudiados mostraron algún coeficiente de selección significativos en alguno de los sitios. Sin embargo, el análisis de covarianza sugiere que no habría un efecto del sitio sobre la relación entre los rasgos y la adecuación biológica. Por tanto, si bien ciertos rasgos estarían siendo blancos de selección estos no se verían afectados de manera significativa por el gradiente altitudinal en estudio. Estos resultados sugieren que la variación por selección en rasgos ecofisiológicos podría cumplir un rol en el proceso de invasión de E. californica. Este estudio representa un aporte a la comprensión del rol que podrían representar los caracteres ecofisiológicos y su potencial valor adaptativo para procesos de invasión de especies en Chile. / Several studies have reported the variation of a series of traits that could allow invasive species to improve their performance in higher altitude areas. For this variation it is recognized that the phenotypic plasticity would have great relevance. However, it has recently been proposed that adaptation by natural selection could be as important as phenotypic plasticity, even more relevant for species capable of colonizing higher altitudes, particularly in the altitudinal range limits. In this work we studied the role that selection could have for the variation of ecophysiological traits in the invasive plant Eschscholzia californica, in an altitudinal gradient. Two sites were studied in the Cordillera de los Andes in central Chile, at 1180 (Site 1) and 2220 masl (Site 2). Higher stomatal conductance and stomatal density and smaller stomatal size at higher altitude were observed. Regarding phenotypic selection analysis, most of the traits studied showed some significant coefficient of selection in some of the sites. However, the analysis of covariance suggests that there would be no effect of the site on the relationship between traits and biological fitness. Therefore, although certain traits would be targets of selection, these would not be significantly affected by the altitudinal gradient under study. These results suggest that variation by selection in ecophysiological traits could play a role in the invasion process of E. californica. This study represents a contribution to the understanding of the role that the ecophysiological characters could represent and their potential adaptive value for species invasion processes in Chile. / Proyecto FONDECYT regular N° 1140009.

Bulvová, L.: Alkaloids of Papaver rhoeas L. (Papaveraceae) and their biological activity related to Alzheimerʼs disease I. Diploma thesis, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové 2017. The aim of this study was to process the summary alkaloidal extract of aerial parts of Papaver rhoeas L.; to isolate contained alkaloids using chromatographical methods; to identify them and to determine their inhibitory activity towards human enzymes acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and prolyloligopeptidase. Two alkaloids (+)-rhoeagenine and LB-2 were isolated, and the structure of LB-2 (its absolute configuration) is being determined nowadays. In vitro biological assays of these alkaloids found the following results: (+)-rhoeagenine (IC50 AChE ˃ 1000 μM, IC50 BuChE = 230 ± 10 μM, IC50 POP = 878 ± 45 μM) and LB-2 (IC50 AChE ˃ 1000 μM, IC50 BuChE = 314 ± 13 μM, IC50 POP = 706 ± 2 μM). The determined IC50 values of isolated alkaloids were compared with inhibitory standards of cholinesterases galanthamine (IC50 AChE = 1,71 ± 0,065 μM, IC50 BuChE = 42,30 ± 1,30 μM), huperzine A (IC50 AChE = 0,033 ± 0,001 μM, IC50 BuChE > 1000 μM, IC50 POP > 1000 μM) and rivastigmine (IC50 AChE = 0,037 ± 0,001 μM, IC50 BuChE = 0,0033 ± 0,0003...

Čakurdová, M.: Alkaloids of Papaver rhoeas L. (Papaveraceae) and their biological activity related to Alzheimer's disease II. Diploma thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové, 2017. The aim of this work was focused on isolation of alkaloids from the fraction 1 (joined fractions 20-27), which was obtained from the summary alkaloid extract of Papaver rhoeas L. (Papaveraceae). The alkaloids were identified by structural analysis NMR, GC-MS, optical activity and melting point. Two alkaloids were identified as (-)-stylopine and (+)-rhoeadine. Isolated substances were tested on ability to inhibit the enzymes acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and prolyloligopeptidase. Obtained data were expressed as IC50 values: (-)-stylopine (IC50 AChE = 522 ± 67 µM, IC50 BuChE = >1000 µM, IC50 POP = >790 µM); (+)-rhoeadine (IC50 AChE = 915 ± 64 µM, IC50 BuChE = >1000 µM, IC50 POP = >790 µM). None of the isolated substances showed so potent cholinesterase inhibitory activity as the alkaloids galanthamine (IC50 AChE = 1.71± 0.065 µM, IC50 BuChE =42.30 ± 1.30 µM) and huperzine A (IC50 AChE = 0.033 ± 0.001 µM, IC50 BuChE = >1000 µM) or rivastigmine (IC50 AChE = 0.037 ± 0.001 µM, IC50 BuChE = 3.3 ± 0.3 nM)....

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Adamcová, M.: Study of biological activity of alkaloids isolated from Argemone grandiflora (Papaveraceae) I. Diploma thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové 2015. The aim of this study was isolation of substances from total diethyl ether alkaloid extract of Argemone grandiflora Sweet, their identification and assessment of their inhibition activity towards acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and prolyl oligopeptidase. Using common chromatografic methods, four alkaloids were isolated, that was identified as (+)-laudanosine, protopine, (-)-argemonine a (-)-platycerine. These substances was tested for their inhibition activity IC50: (+)-laudanosine (IC50 AChE = 617,00 ± 46,55 μM, IC50 BuChE = 644,77 ± 55,52 μM, IC50 POP = not mesured yet); protopine (IC50 AChE = 229,98 ± 21,02 μM, IC50 BuChE = 208,87 ± 17,67 μM, IC50 POP ˃ 1000 μM); (-)-argemonine (IC50 AChE = 4677,75 ± 1241,08 μM, IC50 BuChE = 885,45 ± 119,50 μM, IC50 POP = 337 ± 83,1 μM); (-)-platycerine (IC50 AChE = 223,65 ± 19,61 μM, IC50 BuChE = 1651,25 ± 327,7 μM, IC50 POP = 687 ± 74 μM). In comparison with the standards galanthamine (IC50 AChE = 1,710 ± 0,065 μM, IC50 BuChE = 42,30 ± 1,30 μM) and huperzine A (IC50 AChE = 0,033 ± 0,001...

Michal, Vojtěch: STUDY OF BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF ISOLATED ALKALOIDS FROM ARGEMONE GRANDIFLORA (PAPAVERACEAE) II. Diploma thesis 2015. Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology. Supervisor: PharmDr. Jakub Chlebek, PhD. Key words: Argemone grandiflora Sweet, Papaveraceae, alkaloids, isolation, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, prolyloligopeptidase, Alzheimerʼs disease, in vitro assay. Diethylether alkaloid extract obtained from stem and roots of Argemone grandiflora Sweet was chromatografically analyzed. Using common chromatografic methods, three alkaloids were isolated in clean form. These substances were identified as allocryptopine, (-)-munitagine and (-)-norargemonine by structural analysis (MS, NMR). These obtained alkaloids were tested for their inhibitory activity against human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and human plasma butyrylcholinestrase (BuChE) by Ellman's method. The results were represented as IC50 values (allocryptopine: IC50 AChE = 250,0 ± 2,52 μM, IC50 BuChE = 530 ± 28,2 μM; (-)-munitagine: IC50 AChE = 62,29 ± 5,81 μM, IC50 BuChE = 837,4 ± 23,03 μM; (-)-norargemonine: IC50 AChE = 205,17 ± 11,6 μM, IC50 BuChE = 4158,20 ± 495,78 μM). Inhibition against prolyloligopeptidase was tested for...