Formål: At undersøge, hvordan forældre til børn med spastisk cerebral pare­se (CP) oplevede effekt af behandling med Botulinumtoxin type A (BTX) på deres barns funktioner. Metode og materiale: Der blev anvendt triangulering af metode, kilder og observatører. Den kvali­ta­tive del bestod af to fokusgruppeinterview af eksperter og tre forælderinterview. Analyseme­toden var indholdsanalyse. Den kvantitative del bestod af en spørgeskemaundersøgelse til forældre til børn behandlet med BTX på Hillerød Hospital. Spørgeskemaer blev sendt til begge forældre til 47 børn. Resultat: Fokusgruppeinterviewene gav indblik i, at der i spørgeskemaet skulle spørges detaljeret til alle funktioner i barnets hverdag fra BTX blev tilbudt til efter endt effekt af BTX-behandling. Forældreinterviewene viste, at to af tre forældre ville tage imod et nyt tilbud om BTX-behandling; at ventetid på BTX-dagen var uacceptabel lang; at arbejdsgange på BTX-dagen burde optimeres, så de passede til handicappede børn. Spørgeskemaet blev returneret af 41 forældre til ialt 30 børn (to – 17 år). Børnene var behandlet med BTX på Hillerød Hospital i perioden 2004-2007. Af de 41 forældre var der 12 fædre og 29 mødre. Størst effekt af BTX oplevede forældrene på nedsættelse af barnets spasticitet. To tredjedele af de børn, som kunne gå før BTX behandling, fik forbedret gang. Derud­over sås effekt i nye måder at bevæge sig på. Toogtyve af 41 forældre så den effekt af BTX, som de havde fået stillet i udsigt. Størst effekt af BTX sås indenfor tre til seks måneder. Virkningen af BTX for det enkelte barn var forskellig fra behandling til behandling med en dalende tendens. Studiet viste, at forældre og børn blev godt mødt og blev hørt på børneafdelin­gen, var trygge ved persona­let, og oplevede BTX-dagen som god. Ventetid og et manglende måltid mad efter BTX var et stort pro­blem. Der sås ingen forskel i fædres og mødres opfattelse af sundhedsydel­ser til børn med CP. Nationale retningslinier for behandling med BTX ef­terspørges. Konklusion: Majoriteten af forældre ville tage mod et nyt tilbud om behandling med BTX. De væ­sentligste begrundelser var, at forældrene havde set god effekt af behandlingen, eller at de håbede på en effekt. Et mindretal af forældre ville ikke tage imod et nyt tilbud om behandling med BTX, fordi de enten ikke havde set effekt af behandlingen, eller fordi de oplevede mange strabadser for et meget lille udbytte. Praksis omkring BTX dagen bør udvikles og forbedres i forhold til handicappede børn / This study aimed to assess how parents of children with spastic Cerebral Palsy (CP) evaluated the efficacy of Botulinum Toxin A (BTX) treatment on their child. Method: Triangulation of measurement processes, i.e., qualitative assessment including two focus group interviews with experts and three interviews with parents; quantitative assessment involving questionnaires send to parents of 47 children treated with BTX at Hilleroed Hospital. The qualitative data were analysed using content analysis. Results: Focus group interviews indicated that questionnaires should seek detailed information about the daily activities of children undergoing BTX treatment, beginning treatment initiation and continuing until BTX effect declined. Parent interviews showed that two out of three would allow another BTX injection; waiting time on treatment day was too long; and hospital routines should be optimized to meet the needs of disabled children. Forty-one parents (12 fathers and 29 mothers) completed the questionnaire. The study included 30 children receiving BTX between 2004 and 2007. Parents described the best effect of BTX as reduced spasticity. Walking ability improved in 67% of children who could walk before treatment, and improved motor skills provided new ways of moving. Twenty-two parents believed that BTX treatment fulfilled doctors’ expectations. Maximum BTX effect occurred after three to six months. Effects differed with each treatment, mostly on a declining scale. Parents felt very welcome in the children’s ward and also felt that the staff listened to them; their overall assessment of treatment day experience was good. Major concerns included waiting time and a missing meal following treatment. Views of healthcare services for children with CP did not differ between fathers and mothers. The study indicates that development of national guidelines for BTX treatment will be highly recommended. Conclusion: The majority of parents agreed to repeat BTX injections, mainly because outcome was positive or met their expectations. A minority would refuse future BTX treatment, primarily due to lack of effect or because of significant problems for small benefit. Optimizing hospital routines on treatment day would help disabled children navigate BTX treatment more successfully / <p>ISBN 978-91-85721-52-8</p>

Parental participation in educational issues is relevant in assisting parents in understanding and becoming satisfied with their child's educational experience. Parental involvement is not only an ethical issue for teachers, but mandates have been established for special educators through various public laws. When involving parents in their children's education, it is relevant to consider various factors associated with students who are culturally and linguistically diverse. Parental satisfaction plays an important role in many cultures in obtaining parental involvement in decision-making meetings. If parents experience negative interactions, parental participation can be diminished. In other cultures, the satisfaction level raises parental trust in allowing school staff to make the appropriate choices for their children. Family values and beliefs among the various cultures should be a consideration when encouraging parents to participate in their child's educational process. Several barriers exist when involving different cultural groups; therefore, it is essential for educators to become aware of these barriers and learn strategies to overcome them. This study addresses parental understanding and satisfaction among ethnic group and throughout various disability groups by evaluating parental responses from a statewide survey and three focus groups.

隨著台灣少子化的衝擊和托育公共化政策推動下，使得幼教經營競爭越趨激烈。政府的公立幼兒園，雖然收費低廉，因為受政府諸多法規與行政制度的制約，常發生經營效率不佳；整體的品質不如私立幼兒園。為了不與民爭利及幼教發展的多元化，於是有了公辦民營幼兒園的政策推動。而有少數一、二家營運不佳而關門大吉，為了使公辦民營幼兒園的政策能更成功推廣下去。本研究想探討造成公辦民營幼兒園經營效率良窳的影響因子，而「家長滿意度」就是幼兒園品質一項重要觀察指標。根據文獻探討得知「資源基礎」和「品牌權益」是影響「家長滿意度」的主要因素，故本研究主要在探討公辦民營幼兒園將投入何種策略性「資源基礎」對「品牌權益」及「家長滿意度」具有影響力，同時也了解「品牌權益」是否具有中介效果? 本研究採用文獻分析法和問卷調查法進行研究。文獻分析法方面分別探討「資源基礎」實施情形、「品牌權益」與「家長滿意度」三者中，兩兩之間的關係。也進一步探討在公辦民營幼兒園中，「資源基礎」實施情形與「品牌權益」是如何影響「家長滿意度」。而在問卷調查法方面，以「公辦民營幼兒園實施資源基礎、品牌權益與家長滿意度調查問卷」為研究工具，並以大台北地區19家之公辦民營幼兒園之2492為幼兒家長為研究對象，採用便利抽樣方式進行問卷調查，共發放1,833份，剔除無效問卷後，回收有效問卷回收數為1,136份，有效問卷回收率為61.97%。 本研究採用結構方程模式分析方法軟體分別驗證「資源基礎」、「品牌權益」與「家長滿意度」之內涵外，也進一步探討「資源基礎」、「品牌權益」與「家長滿意度」之間的關係。本採用SPSS 18.0軟體探討「資源基礎」、「品牌權益」與「家長滿意度」之實施現況及不同背景變項是否對於「資源基礎」、「品牌權益」與「家長滿意度」有預測效果。 本研究獲致下列結論： 一、公辦民營幼兒園對於「資源基礎」、「品牌權益」及「家長滿意度」備受幼兒家長肯定 二、公辦民營幼兒園的「資源基礎」分別對於「品牌權益」與「家長滿意度」及「品牌權益」對於「家長滿意度」均具有顯著的預測效果 （一）「資源基礎」對「品牌權益」具有顯著正向的直接效果(γ1=0.92) ，此顯示公辦民營幼兒園落實「資源基礎」將有助於大量提升其「品牌權益」。 （二）「品牌權益」對「家長滿意度」具有顯著正向的直接效果(β1=0.70) ，此顯示公辦民營幼兒園提高「品牌權益」將有助於大幅改善其「家長滿意度」。 （三）「資源基礎」對「家長滿意度」具有顯著正向但小量的直接效果(γ2＝0.25)，此顯示加強實施「資源基礎」對於提升「家長滿意度」的直接效果較小。 三、「資源基礎」可透過「品牌權益」對「家長滿意度」具有顯著且大量的中介效果0.64(即0.92*.70=0.64，p<0.001)；原本「資源基礎」對「家長滿意度」的直接效果只有0.25，而「資源基礎」對於「家長滿意」之總效果為0.89 (即0.25+0.64=0.89，p<0.001)。 四、背景變項對「資源基礎」、「品牌權益」及「家長滿意度」之效果方面 （一）對於「資源基礎」之構面具有顯著效果之背景變項，計有幼兒家長的年齡、教育程度、目前養育的子女數、家庭平均月收入及幼兒園立案年數等5個變項。 （二）對於「品牌權益」之構面具有顯著效果之背景變項，計有幼兒家長的年齡、教育程度、目前養育的子女數及幼兒園立案年數等4個變項。 （三）對於「家長滿意度」之構面具有顯著效果之背景變項，計有幼兒家長的性別、年齡、教育程度及幼兒園立案年數等4個變項。 / With the impacts of low-birth rate and the impetus of the public policy of how to make private childcare public, causing the competition of the preshool management become keener and keener. Although the fees of public kindergarden are low, the efficiency of their managements are also low because of the restriction on legislations and the administrative system of the government. Their qualities are also not as the private kindergartens. In order not to compete with the public kindergarden and the diversification of the early childhood education, hence there are the impetus of the private management of public kindergartens. In the cause of successfully spread the private management of public kindergartens, there are also a few closing down. 　　This study is to explore the cause of the private management of public kindergartens efficiency good or bad of the influence factor, and the parental satisfaction is an important observation index of the kindergarten quality. 　　According to the literature review, “Resource base” and “Brand equity” is the main factor impact of “Parental satisfaction” . Therefore, this research is to explore the influence of how the kindergarten of private management of public kindergarten put into the strategies of “Resource base” to “Brand equity” and “Parental satisfaction”. And also to understand whether “Brand equity” has the intermediate factor or not? 　　The present study adopted two approaches, including “literature review” and “questionnaire survey”. The study designed the “questionnaire of the Resource base , Brand equity and Parental satisfaction as the instrument. 2,492 Child’s parents in the 19 private management of public kindergartens in Big Taipei area were the population. The study distributed by convenient sampling, and got 1,136 valid samples after gathering and deliting some invalid questionnaires from 1,833 samples. The rate of valid samples is 61.97％. 　　The study not only took structural equation modeling(SEM) to confirm the contents of the “Resource base”, “Brand equity” and “Parental satisfaction”, but also discuss the relationships of the “Resource base”, “Brand equity” and “Parental satisfaction”. Moreover, the present study used the software of SPSS 18.0 to understand the current of the “Resource base”, “Brand equity” and “Parental satisfaction” in the private management of public kindergartens and confirm the contents of the variables of the subjects. 　　There were some major conclusions made as follows: 1.“Resource base”, “Brand equity” and "Parental satisfaction' in the private management of public kindergartens are highly accepted by the child’s parents. 2.“Resource base” for the “Brand equity” and “Parental satisfaction” and “Brand equity”in the private for the Parental satisfaction" are significantly predictive. (1)“Resource base” has the significant and positive direct effect (γ1=0.92) on “Brand equity”. That is ; the higher degree of the “Resource base” implementations significant is , the higher “Brand equity” is. (2)“Brand equity” has the significant and positive direct effect (γ1=0.70) on "Parental satisfaction ". That is , the higher the implement degree of “Brand equity” is , the higher practice degree of "Parental satisfaction ". (3)“Resource base” has the significant and positive direct effect (γ1=0.25) on “Parental satisfaction”. That is ; strengthening “Resource base” implementation for enhancing “Parental satisfaction” is small effect . 3.Although “Resource base” has positive direct effect (γ1=0.25) on “Parental satisfaction”, strengthening “Resource base” implementation for enhancing "Parental satisfaction" is little effect. “Resource base” has an indirect effect on "Parental satisfaction " through “Brand equity” (the indirect effect size is 0.64) and the total effect is 0.89. In other words , when the “Resource base” is higher, "Parental satisfaction " will be indirectly enhanced by the “Brand equity”. To sum up, “Brand equity” is much of mediating effect between “Resource base” and “Parental satisfaction”. 4.The effects of the context variables on the “Resource base”, “Brand equity” and "Parental satisfaction " are made as follows: (1)5 context variables have significant effects on the “Resource base”. These variables involve age, education, the number of children, and the average household monthly income of child’s parents and the year of registered kindergarten . (2)4 context variables have significant effects on the “Brand equity”. These variables involve age, education, and the number of children of child’s parents and the year of registered kindergarten. (3)4 context variables have significant effects on the "Parental satisfaction ". These variables involve sex. age, and education child’s parents and the year of registered kindergarten.

Animal assisted interventions are becoming more prevalent in our society. Animal interventions have become a popular therapy technique that exist to aid a variety of disabilities. Equine therapeutic riding has become one of the most popular forms of animal assisted therapy for both children and adults. While research shows the importance and benefits of animal assisted therapy for children, there is a lack of research concerning parental satisfaction within therapeutic riding programs. This study tested a newly developed instrument for measuring parental satisfaction for therapeutic riding programs. The Parent/Caregiver Evaluation Tool (Kerr, 2021) was administered to parents/caregivers whose children participated at the North Dakota State University Bison Strides Riding Program to determine the instrument’s reliability. Secondly, the instrument was administered the parents/caregivers of the MSU Equine Assisted Therapeutic Riding Program. It was found that parents/caregivers were satisfied with the program, but there were some recommendations given.