O método construtivo com painéis portantes de concreto é economicamente viável, porém relativamente novo no cenário nacional, sobretudo no caso dos pré-moldados. As incertezas referentes às peculiaridades desse método, bem como a nova norma brasileira de painéis pré-moldados, ainda em elaboração, vem a motivar uma análise probabilística dos critérios de projeto disponíveis. Utilizando-se a técnica da confiabilidade estrutural, é possível propagar as incertezas referentes às variáveis a uma resposta final no índice de confiabilidade, sendo um cálculo totalmente probabilístico. Neste trabalho, emprega-se tal técnica com informações estatísticas referentes a lajes de concreto moldadas in loco para verificar, de maneira mais verossímil, a segurança dos critérios de projeto impostos pelo Precast Concrete Institute Design Handbook - Precast and Prestressed Concrete - 7th Edition (2010) às fases transitórias (desforma, transporte e içamento) e pela Norma Brasileira ABNT NBR 6118: 2014 - Projeto de estruturas de concreto, à fase em uso. Prossegue-se a uma análise crítica dos resultados bem como sugestões para diminuir a variação dos resultados, sobretudo pela calibração de novos coeficientes parciais de segurança, processo para o qual este trabalho pode servir de base. / The shear wall building method is economicaly viable, but relatively new in the brazillian scene, that is specially true for precast members. The uncertainty pertaining this method, and the new brazillian design code for precast shear walls, still in development, serve as motivation for a probabilistic analysis of available project criteria. Using the structural reliability technique, it is possible to forward the variables uncertainties to a final answer in the form of the reliability index, being that this method is entirely probabilistic. In this study, this technique is used with statistical data pertaining cast-in-place concrete slabs to ascertain, with a higher degree of verisimilitude, the safety of the design criteria imposed by the Precast Concrete Institute Handbook - Precast and Prestressed Concrete - 7th Edition (2010) to the temporary states (stripping, transit and lifting) and by the Brazillian Code ABNT NBR 6118: 2014 - Concrete structures design, to the working state. The study then proceeds to a critical analysis of the results and to suggestions to reduce their variability, specially through calibration of new partial safety factors, a procedure to which this study might serve as a basis.

O método construtivo com painéis portantes de concreto é economicamente viável, porém relativamente novo no cenário nacional, sobretudo no caso dos pré-moldados. As incertezas referentes às peculiaridades desse método, bem como a nova norma brasileira de painéis pré-moldados, ainda em elaboração, vem a motivar uma análise probabilística dos critérios de projeto disponíveis. Utilizando-se a técnica da confiabilidade estrutural, é possível propagar as incertezas referentes às variáveis a uma resposta final no índice de confiabilidade, sendo um cálculo totalmente probabilístico. Neste trabalho, emprega-se tal técnica com informações estatísticas referentes a lajes de concreto moldadas in loco para verificar, de maneira mais verossímil, a segurança dos critérios de projeto impostos pelo Precast Concrete Institute Design Handbook - Precast and Prestressed Concrete - 7th Edition (2010) às fases transitórias (desforma, transporte e içamento) e pela Norma Brasileira ABNT NBR 6118: 2014 - Projeto de estruturas de concreto, à fase em uso. Prossegue-se a uma análise crítica dos resultados bem como sugestões para diminuir a variação dos resultados, sobretudo pela calibração de novos coeficientes parciais de segurança, processo para o qual este trabalho pode servir de base. / The shear wall building method is economicaly viable, but relatively new in the brazillian scene, that is specially true for precast members. The uncertainty pertaining this method, and the new brazillian design code for precast shear walls, still in development, serve as motivation for a probabilistic analysis of available project criteria. Using the structural reliability technique, it is possible to forward the variables uncertainties to a final answer in the form of the reliability index, being that this method is entirely probabilistic. In this study, this technique is used with statistical data pertaining cast-in-place concrete slabs to ascertain, with a higher degree of verisimilitude, the safety of the design criteria imposed by the Precast Concrete Institute Handbook - Precast and Prestressed Concrete - 7th Edition (2010) to the temporary states (stripping, transit and lifting) and by the Brazillian Code ABNT NBR 6118: 2014 - Concrete structures design, to the working state. The study then proceeds to a critical analysis of the results and to suggestions to reduce their variability, specially through calibration of new partial safety factors, a procedure to which this study might serve as a basis.

Este trabalho apresenta uma calibração baseada em confiabilidade dos coeficientes parciais de segurança das normas brasileiras utilizadas no dimensionamento de estruturas metálicas e de concreto. O estudo tem como objetivo a determinação de coeficientes parciais de segurança que reflitam a realidade das estruturas brasileiras projetadas de acordo com as normas ABNT NBR 8681:2003 Ação e segurança nas estruturas, NBR 6118:2014 Projeto de estruturas de concreto e NBR 8800:2008 Projeto de estruturas de aço e de estruturas mistas de aço e concreto. O trabalho está fundamentado na teoria de confiabilidade estrutural, que permite uma representação explícita das incertezas envolvidas em termos das resistências e ações. O estudo aborda uma metodologia de calibração que envolve a obtenção de um conjunto de coeficientes parciais de segurança que minimiza as variações dos índices de confiabilidade das mais diversas estruturas projetadas segundo as normas de interesse, em relação ao índice de confiabilidade alvo utilizado na calibração. O trabalho revela que os coeficientes otimizados tendem a majorar as ações consideradas principais e a minorar as ações consideradas secundárias nas combinações normais de projeto. O estudo também mostra que os novos coeficientes conduzem a uma confiabilidade mais uniforme para as diferentes situações de projeto e tipologias de estruturas. / This work presents a reliability-based calibration of partial safety factors from Brazilian design codes used in the design of steel and concrete structures. The study aims to find partial safety factors that reflect the reality of Brazilian structures projected according to the codes NBR 8681:2003 Loads and safety in the structures, NBR 6118:2014 Design of concrete structures and NBR 8800:2008 Design of steel structures and mixed steel-concrete structures. The work is based on reliability theory, which allows an explicit representation of the uncertainties involved in terms of resistances and loads. The study deals with a calibration methodology that involves obtaining a set of partial safety factors that minimizes the variations of the reliability indices of the most diverse structures projected according to the codes of interest, in relation to the target reliability index used in the calibration. The work reveals that the optimized factors tend to increase the main loads and to reduce the secondary loads in the load combinations. The study also shows that the new factors lead to more uniform reliability for different design situations and structural typology.

Im Rahmen umfangreicher experimenteller Untersuchungen wurden die Bruchspannungen für Textilbeton unter einaxialer, einsinniger Zugbelastung ermittelt. Im Ergebnis liegen variierende Daten vor, die auf eine nichtdeterministische (unscharfe) Bruchspannung hinweisen. Die Versuchsergebnisse stellen eine moderate Datenbasis für eine statistische Auswertung und Quantifikation der Unschärfe dar. Zur Berücksichtigung der unscharfen Bruchspannung bei der Bemessung mittels einfacher Handrechnungen muss ein deterministischer Sicherheitsabstand eingeführt werden. Der Sicherheitsabstand wird in den derzeit gültigen Normen mit Teilsicherheitsbeiwerten festgelegt, die ein ebenso normativ vorgegebenes Sicherheitsniveau gewährleisten sollten. In diesem Kontext werden im Beitrag auf der Basis von Zuverlässigkeitsbetrachtungen ermittelte Teilsicherheitsbeiwerte für Textilbeton mit AR-Glas- und Carbon-Bewehrung vorgeschlagen. / In the framework of a comprehensive experimental program the ultimate strength of textile reinforced concrete has been determined under consideration of uniaxial tensile load. In result varying data are available which indicate a non-deterministic (uncertain) strength. The experimental results provide a moderate basis for statistical evaluations and the quantification of uncertainty. Furthermore, manual calculation in structural design requires a certain safety distance. For this task, partial safety factors have been defined and incorporated in the design codes to ensure a predefined safety level. In this context, this paper gives suggestions for the definition of partial safety factors for textile reinforced concrete with AR glass and carbon reinforcement.

Uppsatsen undersöker hur de upplevda riskerna påverkar stockholmarnas vardagliga liv. Denna studie genomfördes med hjälp av kvalitativ metod och ett induktivt tillvägagångssätt valdes av författaren. 24 intervjuer med stockholmare genomfördes inom ramen för projekten. Dessa, med hjälp av innehållsanalysen bearbetade intervjuer, lades till grund för de slutsatser som presenteras i studien. Uppsatsen uppmärksammar kluvenheten i frågan om uppfattning av sin livsmiljö och dess säkerhet/trygghet som präglar stockholmarnas existens. Den kluvna uppfattningen av säkerhet och trygghet benämns av författaren för den partiella tryggheten. Samexistensen av känslan av trygghet och otrygghet kännetecknar den partiella tryggheten. Upplevelsen av den partiella tryggheten ses i ett större sammanhang och det påvisas hur den vid applicering på stockholmarnas vardag försämrar deras livskvalité, sätter begränsningar på deras rörelse- och handlingsfrihet samt i slutändan gör staden mindre tillgänglig. / The thesis studies how perceived risks affect the daily life of inhabitants of Stockholm, Sweden. The study was conducted through qualitative method and an inductive approach was selected by the author. 24 interviews with Stockholmers were conducted within the framework of the projects. These through the means of content analysis processed interviews were used as a basis for the conclusions presented in the study. The thesis considers the ambiguity in the question of perception of environment and the security/safety thereof, which characterises the existence of Stockholmers. The ambiguous perception of security and safety is by the author named partial safety. Coexistence of the sense of safety and unsafety characterizes partial security. The experience of partial safety is seen as a more comprehensive context and it is shown how it, when applied to the everyday life of Stockholmers, has a negative impact on their quality of life, imposes limits on their freedom of movement and -action, as well as ultimately makes the city less accessible.

Im Rahmen umfangreicher experimenteller Untersuchungen wurden die Bruchspannungen für Textilbeton unter einaxialer, einsinniger Zugbelastung ermittelt. Im Ergebnis liegen variierende Daten vor, die auf eine nichtdeterministische (unscharfe) Bruchspannung hinweisen. Die Versuchsergebnisse stellen eine moderate Datenbasis für eine statistische Auswertung und Quantifikation der Unschärfe dar. Zur Berücksichtigung der unscharfen Bruchspannung bei der Bemessung mittels einfacher Handrechnungen muss ein deterministischer Sicherheitsabstand eingeführt werden. Der Sicherheitsabstand wird in den derzeit gültigen Normen mit Teilsicherheitsbeiwerten festgelegt, die ein ebenso normativ vorgegebenes Sicherheitsniveau gewährleisten sollten. In diesem Kontext werden im Beitrag auf der Basis von Zuverlässigkeitsbetrachtungen ermittelte Teilsicherheitsbeiwerte für Textilbeton mit AR-Glas- und Carbon-Bewehrung vorgeschlagen. / In the framework of a comprehensive experimental program the ultimate strength of textile reinforced concrete has been determined under consideration of uniaxial tensile load. In result varying data are available which indicate a non-deterministic (uncertain) strength. The experimental results provide a moderate basis for statistical evaluations and the quantification of uncertainty. Furthermore, manual calculation in structural design requires a certain safety distance. For this task, partial safety factors have been defined and incorporated in the design codes to ensure a predefined safety level. In this context, this paper gives suggestions for the definition of partial safety factors for textile reinforced concrete with AR glass and carbon reinforcement.

This thesis deals with the topic of assessing the design load-bearing capacity of a prestressed concrete railway bridge structure. The determination of the structure’s load-bearing capacity is carried out using probabilistic nonlinear analysis using the finite element method. Load-bearing capacity is determined for the recommended limit states. A fully probabilistic approach is compared to other reliability semi-probabilistic methods, such as the ECoV method according to Červenka and Eigen ECoV, and deterministic methods, like partial safety factor method, or the method according to ČSN EN 1992-2. The results are evaluated in terms of accuracy, consistency and time consumption for each method.