This thesis explores the role and relationships of employee participation in decision-making (PDM) within the enterprise bargaining context. The advent of the enterprise bargaining to facilitate labour market restructuring has led to dramatic changes within Australian industrial relations, supposedly offering employees the opportunity to participate in changes to work practices, conditions of employment and rewards in return for employer gains in productivity (Niland, 1993). Productivity improvements have been achieved, but some researchers claim this has been at employees expense and that job satisfaction and affective commitment are declining as working hours increase, work intensifies, and job security diminishes. Employee PDM influencing more positive outcomes, such as improved productivity, satisfaction and commitment is appealing, but largely untested.Research data was gathered from the public, private and local government sectors to form two separate studies to test a model of PDM developed from the literature. The first Study analysed cross-sectional data to test the influence of PDM in relation to working conditions, work practices and rewards and outcomes of job satisfaction and affective commitment, while the second Study examined these relationships on an independent longitudinal matched sample. Analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modelling with the EQS statistical package.Findings from both studies supported that higher levels of PDM correlate with higher levels of job satisfaction and affective commitment and Autonomy is the only significant mediator in the relationship PDM and affective commitment. Employees also perceived that increased task variety correlated with higher levels of PDM. Lower levels of PDM correlated with lower autonomy and perceptions of performance effectiveness. Although positive attitudes to PDM positively influence ++ / satisfaction and affective commitment outcomes, lowered perceived performance effectiveness and rewards compromise the gains achieved. These findings support the crucial role of employee participation in decision-making and sound a warning to practitioners in that increased demands for performance should not extend to role overload that reduces effectiveness, and must be matched with equitable rewards.

Employee participation in decision making¡]PDM¡^is ¡§ a conscious and intended effort by individuals at a higher level in an organization to provide visible extra-role or role-expanding opportunities for individuals or groups at a lower level in the organization to have greater voice in one or more areas of organizational performance¡¨. Thus¡Ait is important especially for vertical hierarchical organizations. Many employee participation programs are applied such as quality circle¡B suggestion system¡Bemployee ownership program¡Bemployee who is a representative on the board of directors . Many researchers supported some contributions through PDM programs on organization performances such as cost reduction and quality improvement. PDM also provides job satisfaction and job performance on individual in some reports . But some researchers studied from meta- analysis concluded that¡¨ PDM can have statistically significant effects¡Abut the average size of this effects is too small to be valuable¡¨. Some researches viewed PDM as a medium only for information change and knowledge expansion. PDM is necessary and sufficient although it could not affect satisfaction or performance directly. The data is collected from China Steel Company that has 8750 employees. This company is transformed from government ownership therefore there are many PDM activities. We used questionnaires to ask employee and study the relations between PDM and job performance¡Bjob satisfaction. This study we found there is small effects on individual performance and satisfaction. We also found information participation¡]change¡Binteraction¡^can affect PDM activities each other and can explain internal satisfaction of individual. From this study we could find internal satisfaction affects contextual performance that is the base of good task performance We conclude it is most important to perform PDM activities and encourage employee to join. This is one of key factors for competition in the industry.

Background: Teacher job satisfaction is considered an important topic in the education field. Many variables impact teacher job satisfaction. This study examined teacher participation in decision-making and its relation to teacher job satisfaction in ten public middle schools in the north of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It also sought to determine the impacts of gender and teaching experience on job satisfaction and participation in decision-making. Methods: A quantitative method with descriptive and inferential statistics was used, as well as a correlational analysis of the data. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between teachers' participation in decision making and their job satisfaction. Ten public middle schools (located in north of Riyadh) were randomly chosen for this study. Of these, five were chosen for the male sample, totaling 62 teachers. Another five middle schools were chosen for the female sample, totaling 72 teachers. Accordingly, a total of 134 teachers of both genders participated in the study. Instrument: Two valid and reliable surveys were developed by (Aldeeka and Khasawneh, 2021). The participants were given two surveys to complete. The first survey for job satisfaction included four domains. The second survey for participation in decision-making also included four domains. The surveys had a total of 54 questions. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the data. Job satisfaction was shown as a dependent variable, whereas decision-making participation was the independent variable. Gender and teaching experiences were as controlling variables. Findings: The major finding of the study were as follows: 1) There was a positive correlation between job satisfaction and participation in decision-making (r (134) = .468, p <.001); 2) There was no difference in job satisfaction between males and females; 3) There was no difference in participation in decision-making between males and females; 4) There was a difference for teaching experience in relation to job satisfaction; 5) There was no difference between participation in decision-making in relation to teaching experiences; and 6) The level of job satisfaction and participation in decision making for the total sample considered within average level. The findings aim to support educational policymakers in the education field. Additionally, various recommendations were put forward to boost teachers' job satisfaction. / Doctor of Philosophy / This study sought to highlight the importance of participation in decision-making and its relation to teacher job satisfaction. Moreover, the study also identified the impacts of gender, and teaching experience on job satisfaction and participation in decision-making. The study sample included 134 male and female teachers. 10 public middle schools, located in the north of Riyadh, were randomly selected. Two survey instruments, considered valid and reliable, were developed by (Aldeeka and Khasawneh, 2021) and used in the study. The results suggest there is a positive correlation between participation in decision-making and job satisfaction. Furthermore, there was no difference in job satisfaction and participation in decision-making between genders. In addition, the study found that there was a difference between the extent of teaching experience in relation to job satisfaction. However, no difference was found between the extent of teaching experience and participation in decision-making. Finally, the level of job satisfaction and participation in decision making for the total sample was considered average according to the scale which developed by Aldeeka and Khasawneh (2021).

The purpose of the study is to investigate the actual and desired levels of shared decision making in some private and secondary schools in Ankara, Turkey. The sample of the study consisted of 253 teachers from 12 private primary and secondary schools in Ankara. Shared Education Decisions Survey-Revised by Prof.Dr.Donna Ferrara was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics were applied to analyze data. The results revealed that teachers are consulted in some but not all areas of school decisions. They always participate in the decisions about the general issues of their schools. Other areas which they are consulted in are curriculum/instruction, student achievement, pupil personnel, and parental involvement. Likewise, the decisions which they sometimes participate in are in the areas of policy, staff personnel, and staff development. However, it seems that teachers think they rarely or never participate in the decisions about school/community relations, budget, and plant management. According to the results of the survey, teachers always desire to be consulted in most of the decisions. It is understood that only for the curriculum/instruction area some of them stated that they sometimes would like to participate in the decisions.

iv ABSTRACT PERCEPTIONS OF STUDENT REPRESENTATIVES ON THEIR PARTICIPATION IN DECISION MAKING IN HIGHER EDUCATION Sahin, Asu M.S., Department of Educational Sciences Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Hasan Simsek This study aims to investigate the perceptions of the student representatives in the student council at Bilkent University, in Turkey, as to how well the student council system in this university works in terms of enabling the participation of students in the decision making process of the university administration. A qualitative research design was used to collect data from the ten members of the student council at Bilkent University. Standardised open ended interview questions that were prepared by the researcher were used to collect data through face to face interviews, which were recorded and transcribed by the researcher. The data were analysed through content analysis technique and the results were presented descriptively. The results revealed that majority of the students are aware of the fact that the student council is necessary in order to enable the participation of the students in the decision making process. The council members generally think that the council has a meaningful involvement in the decisions made at the university only on student related issues. They think that they are not seen as one of the key decisions makers on issues related to other aspects of the university. v According to the results of the research, it is understood that there is a need to revise the system taking student opinions into account as well in a way that it represents the whole student body, the student council participates in the decisions made at all levels of the university, and on all issues concerning the university. Keywords: Participation in decision making, higher education, student governments, student councils. vi &Ouml / Z &Ouml / GRENC KONSEY &Uuml / YELERNN Y&Uuml / KSEK &Ouml / GRETMDE KARAR VERMEYE KATILIMLARI HAKKINDAK ALGILAMALARI Sahin, Asu Y&uuml / ksek Lisans, Egitim Bilimleri B&ouml / l&uuml / m&uuml / Tez Y&ouml / neticisi: Prof. Dr. Hasan Simsek Eyl&uuml / l 2005, 81 sayfa. Bu arastirmanin amaci, y&uuml / ksek &ouml / gretim kurumlarinda &ouml / grenci konseyi &uuml / yelerinin y&ouml / netim s&uuml / recinde alinan kararlara katilim a&ccedil / isindan &ouml / grenci konseyi sisteminin ne &ouml / l&ccedil / &uuml / de etkili olduguyla ilgili algilamalarini incelemektir. Arastirmada, Bilkent &Uuml / niversitesi &Ouml / grenci Konseyi&rsquo / nin on &uuml / yesi veri toplamak i&ccedil / in &ouml / rneklem olarak kullanilmistir. Veri toplamak i&ccedil / in arastirmaci tarafindan hazirlanan standart a&ccedil / ik u&ccedil / lu m&uuml / lakat sorulari kullanilmis ve y&uuml / z y&uuml / ze ger&ccedil / eklestirilip ses kaydi yapilan m&uuml / lakatlar daha sonra arastirmaci tarafindan desifre edilmistir. Elde edilen veriler i&ccedil / erik analizi teknigiyle analiz edilmis ve sonu&ccedil / lar betimleyici bir sekilde sunulmustur. Bulgular, &ouml / grenci konseyi &uuml / yelerinin &ccedil / ogunun konseyin varliginin &ouml / grencilerin karar verme asamalarina katilimlarini sagladigi i&ccedil / in gerekli oldugunun farkinda olduklarini g&ouml / stermistir. Konsey &uuml / yelerinin konseyin sadece &ouml / grencilerle ilgili konularda anlamli bir katilimlari oldugunu d&uuml / s&uuml / nd&uuml / kleri g&ouml / r&uuml / lm&uuml / st&uuml / r. Arastirmanin sonu&ccedil / larina g&ouml / re, sistemin &ouml / grenci g&ouml / r&uuml / slerine de yer vererek onlarin t&uuml / m kararlarda ve t&uuml / m karar verme basamaklarinda temsilini saglayacak sekilde yeniden d&uuml / zenlenmesine ihtiya&ccedil / oldugu anlasilmaktadir.

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Summary Inhabitants involvement in local government institutes solving social problems and taking decisions helps local authority to improve their solutions and give information to take the rational decisions. There is the sympathetic environment for people presence in Alytus district. Informing citizenry about decisions of social problems and giving possibilities (to take part in questionings, in council – boards, in public meetings, they have a possibility to write petitions, etc.) to take part in taking social decisions. Inhabitants which are concerned with local government institutes very often act as individual persons or like a part of civil community or associations, therefore efficiency of social decisions depend on people. Local people working hand in glove are able to do bigger influence on government and on its decisions.

Šiuolaikinėje verslo aplinkoje ypatingas dėmesys skiriamas sprendimo priėmimo procesui, jo pagrįstumo ir efektyvumo didinimui. Sprendimų priėmimas yra svarbi kiekvienos organizacijos gyvavimo dalis: labai svarbu tinkamai įvertinti situaciją ar problemą iš daugelio perspektyvų, sukurti ir įvertinti daugybę galimų vystymosi krypčių, tinkamai pasirinkti reikiamą idėją ir pan. Įmonė, siekdama įgyvendinti užsibrėžtus tikslus ir uždavinius, turėtų tikslingai nukreipti savo darbuotojų veiksmus, kad bendromis jėgomis pasiektų laukiamų rezultatų. Vienas iš būdų tai padaryti – įtraukti darbuotojus į sprendimų priėmimą, suteikiant jiems įgaliojimus, nubrėžiant atsakomybės ribas. Magistro darbo tikslas – išanalizuoti „Verslo žinių“ įmonės darbuotojų dalyvavimo sprendimų priėmimo procedūroje ypatumus ir pateikti pasiūlymus, kaip gerinti šį procesą. Siekiant užsibrėžto tikslo, atlikta Lietuvos bei užsienio autorių mokslinių publikacijų analizė, kokybinis bei kiekybinis tyrimas įmonėje „Verslo žinios“ darbuotojų dalyvavimo sprendimų priėmime aspektu. Apibendrinus tyrimo rezultatus paaiškėjo, įmonėje „Verslo žinios“ darbuotojai pakankamai aktyviai dalyvauja visuose sprendimų priėmimo proceso etapuose: nuo problemos identifikavimo iki proceso analizės. Darbuotojai aktyviausiai dalyvauja priimant sprendimus, kurie yra susijęs su organizacijos klientų aptarnavimu, išlaidų mažinimu bei organizacijos įvaizdžio kūrimu. Naujų darbuotojų įdarbinimas, darbuotojų atranka, darbuotojų atleidimo tvarka... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In today's business environment, special attention is given to decision-making process, increasing their validities and efficiencies. Decision-making is very important in all organizations: it is important to assess the situation or problem from different perspectives, develop and evaluate possible directions of development, properly choose the right idea, and so on. The company implementing its objectives and tasks should direct their workers actions to achieve the desired results. One way to do this is to include personnel in decision-making, giving them powers and draw the limits of liability. The objective of master's final work is to analyze “Business news” company’s personnel participation features in decision-making procedure and submit proposals to improve this process. To achieve objective, analyzed Lithuanian and foreign authors scientific publications, "Business News" company’s qualitative and quantitative study in personnel participation in decision-making aspect. Result showed, that personnel of “Business news” company’s actively participating in all decision-making process: from the problem identification to the process analysis. Personnel actively participating in decision-making, which is associated with an organization's customer service, cost reduction and company image building. New employees recruitment, employees selection, employees dismissal procedures, salary setting – it is the areas in which personnel are not included. Company personnel feeling happy... [to full text]

ABSTRACT THE ACTUAL AND DESIRED LEVELS OF SHARED DECISION MAKING IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN &Ccedil / ANKAYA DISTRICT OF ANKARA G&uuml / nal, Zafer M.S., Department of Educational Sciences Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Hasan SimSek September 2005, 96 pages The purpose of the study is to investigate the actual and desired levels of shared decision making in public schools in &Ccedil / ankaya district of Ankara, Turkey. The sample of this study consisted of 372 teachers from 10 public basic schools and secondary schools in &Ccedil / ankaya district of Ankara. Shared Education Decisions Survey- Revised by Prof. Dr. Donna Ferrara was used to collect data. The results of the study showed that the teachers working in public schools of &Ccedil / ankaya district sometimes participate in the decision making process. The level of participation increases about the parental involvement, pupil personnel and student achievement issues. However, it is understood that teachers rarely participate in the decisions relating to budget, school/community relations, staff development and policy issues. On the other hand, when the results of the study are considered, it is apparent that teachers in public schools in &Ccedil / ankaya district always desire to participate in the decision making processes in their schools. The parental involvement, student achievement, pupil personnel and curriculum/ instruction areas, which are directly related to teaching, are the areas teachers most desire to participate in. Keywords: Shared decision making, participation, participative decision making, public education institutions, teacher participation.

ABSTRACT LOCAL DYNAMICS IN THE PROCESS OF CONSERVATION AND RESTORATION PROJECTS IN KASTAMONU Aysu Kes M.Sc., Urban Policy Planning and Local Governments Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sibel Kalaycioglu January 2006, 102 pages The aim of this thesis is to understand the local participation dynamics in Turkey, especially in the cities with small populations. The conservation and restoration projects in Kastamonu were chosen as the case in order to achieve this aim. These projects include the restoration and reuse of historical/traditional houses in Turkey. The research was focused on the stakeholders in relation to these projects in order to be able to examine the social processes with regard to the local participation in Kastamonu. The major data collection method of this research was interviews with three groups of stakeholders. These stakeholders were the decision- makers, the owners of the houses, and the local people. For the research, 41 interviews were conducted in November 2004 in Kastamonu. The interviews included questions with regard to perceptions of the respondents about the issues of participation and decision- making dynamics, as well as the conception of sense of place, through the conservation and restoration processes. All these interviews were recorded and transcribed for discourse analysis. There are three major findings of this thesis. Firstly, the stakeholders do not have a consistent perception of what participation is. This leads to the second finding that the level of interaction and the level of participation are low among the stakeholders. Thirdly, the conservation and restoration projects in Kastamonu are perceived as economic investments by the vast majority of people. The heritage and cultural value of the houses are less frequently referred to.