This diploma thesis deals and comprehensively unifies the theoretical knowledge in the field of turning, grooving and parting of material. Furthermore, the thesis also deals with the theory of cutting tool materials as well as tool’s construction and shape characteristics. In the practical part of the thesis there is proposed procedure and conditions necessary to perform the experiment of the tool force loaded measurements, as well as the technical description of the grooving process. Last but not the least, all the measured data is evaluated and plotted into dependencies, from which the results and recommendations for the optimal groove cutting with the particular cutting tool are made.

Arbetet är ett utvecklingsprojekt som inriktar sig på utveckling av ett nytt avstickskär till bearbetning av smådetaljer. Avstickskäret ska optimeras för användning inom längdsvarvar vilket gör att problem som bland annat överhäng och nedböjning sätts i fokus. Arbetet är utfört på WhizCut AB i Helsingborg med syftet att minska materialåtgången som uppstår vid avstick av diametrar som är mindre än 13 mm. Det ska göras genom att utveckla och konstruera ett stickstål som kan användas under samma förhållande som konventionella system men med en mindre skärbredd. Den mindre skärbredden gör att materialåtgången minskas vilket är en fördel för massproduktion alternativt produktioner med exklusiva material som bland annat titan och rostfritt stål. Metoder som används är femstegsmetoden för produktutveckling där brainstorming används for att få fram nya idéer och konkurrenternas lösningar på liknande problem undersöks. För att säkerställa produktens styrka och även jämföra med konventionellt system används balkteori och FE-analys med hjälp av Inventor Professional 2020. Resultatet är ett tvåskärigt skär med båda skäreggarna riktade mot arbetstycket, detta gör att överhänget för processen kan minskas med mer än 30% samtidigt som böjstyvheten för skäret ökar med mer än 50%. Ett minskat överhäng och ökad böjstyvhet gör att skäret kan användas i tuffare miljöer med högre skärhastighet och matning för ökad produktivitet eller ersätta konventionella system med ett smalare skär. Det smalare skäret minskar konsumenternas materialåtgång vilket leder till att både konsument och miljön vinner på detta koncept. / This project focuses on developing a new system for parting of small parts.The tool must be optimized for usage in a swiss type lathe which concludes that problems including overhang and bending of the cutting edge has a majorpart in this project. This project is carried out at WhizCut AB with the purpose to reduce material waste during parting off operations at maximum diameter 13 mm. This will be done by developing a parting off tool that can be used under the same conditions as conventional tools but with a reduced cuttingwidth. The reduced cutting width results in reduced material waste which is anadvantage mass production and production in exclusive materials such as titanium and stainless steels. Methods that are used during the project is a fivestep development process that includes brainstorming to generate new ideasand competitors solutions to similar problems is looked into. To ensure that thestrength of the product and also compare with the conventional system calculations for beam theory and FEA-analyses is used in Inventor Professional 2020. The result is a two-cutting edge insert with both edges located against the workpiece, this makes it possible to reduce the overhang with more than 30% and a the same time increase the stiffness of the insert with more than 50%. Due to reduction in overhang the insert can be used in more demandingenvironments with increased cutting data or replace conventional system witha more narrow tool without changing the cutting parameters. The more narrow tool reduces material waste which is profitable for both end user and theenvironment.

The separation between Judaism and Christianity is a subject which a large number of scholars within the study of religion have invested time and effort in. The field can surely be described as massive, and to figure out what has been said and done, and why so, is perhaps not the simplest of tasks. Here, however, an attempt to do so has been made in order to try and debone parts of a very large fish and se what it actually consists of. In what terms have some of the prominent scholars within the field described the separation between the two religions which have been considered to, at one point, be the one and same? By using a textual discourse analysis method, the aim for this thesis is to map some of the currents which have been dominant in the field of said separation and to seek the explanations behind them.

African Americans living in the small community of Parting Ways, near Plymouth, Massachusetts, realized their newly achieved independence through the construction of homeplace using the material culture of respectability and socioeconomic integration into the community. I expand upon a previous study of this community, which identified evidence that the former slaves retained African cultural traditions, to analyze material evidence of consumption and subsistence. This study reveals that African Americans living at Parting Ways crafted identities that emphasized independence, refinement, and respectability despite living in a society that stereotyped African Americans as dependent members incapable of full social participation. The archaeological data come from five seasons of excavation, 1975-1978 and 1989, on the properties of two African-American families who lived at Parting Ways. I situate the artifacts together with deed, probate, court, town, and census records to construct a detailed historical context in which to interpret the material practice of daily life, identity creation, and community formation. Paternalism and dependence, features of slavery in New England, continued after emancipation and were seen at Parting Ways through the actions of town leaders who permitted the families to build houses on public lands and also assumed legal and financial guardianship of the families. Within their homes, however, the families participated in the material culture of respectability through the rituals of tea drinking, refined dining, formal clothing, and the use of orthodox medicines. The records reveal that they also participated actively in the town's economic life by exchanging their manual labor for agriculture products like cattle heads and feet. Through their household goods, their customs, and their labor, these families embodied respectability, integrated themselves into the community, and constructed a homeplace--a place of refuge, family building, and identity formation. At Parting Ways, African-Americans worked to negate the implications of their continued dependence on town leaders by developing individual personas that espoused the values of independence, freedom, refinement, and family unity - and in so doing defined their own participation in Plymouth, and American, society.

This diploma thesis is focused on comparison of plasma and oxygen - acetylene cutting. A literature review of this issue is included in the work. For technological - economic evaluation, there were proposed a sample part to assess how optimal the cutting process is. Observed resulst and there comparison are stated in conclusion.

Farewell in the Garden is a Qing dynasty (1644-1911) copy of a parting gift painted by Wen Zhengming (1470-1559) for his student Wang Chong (1494-1533) to mark the occasion of Wang Chong’s visit before he left to write the civil service examination. In addition to this painting, three other versions bearing similar poetic inscriptions exist. These four paintings present an intriguing riddle and oppourtunity to consider copies as works worthy of scholarly attention. The compelling scene of farewell between teacher and student who both failed the examinations numerous times resonated with audiences who empathized with their disappointments. A longing to serve in the government is visible when these paintings are considered in relation to earlier literati art. The sketch-like traces of a ledge that is in all of the copies except Farewell in the Garden, hint to the visual possibility of this scene being situated on a shore. Wen Zhengming, through his subtle lines, alludes to this powerful site of parting which is frequently depicted in literati landscape painting and associated with scholar officials and men of merit. This thesis situates Farewell in the Garden and its copies within the wider tradition of literati painting through the theme of service. Government service, as a Confucian ideal, and as a recurring theme in literati painting, transforms in appearance over time, reflecting political, economic, and philosophical shifts. In the Ming dynasty, the ideal of service is manifest and demonstrated in the continued pursuit to serve in office, and the garden, reminiscent of the locations depicted in literati painting, becomes a suitable setting for this enactment. I argue that this parting scene of Wen Zhengming and Wang Chong came to implicitly represent the commitment to serve in government. The cogent Confucian ideal demonstrated by teacher and student is the unyielding determination to serve, and it is this very sentiment or quality in the copies of the farewell painting – the tenacious endeavour to be of service – that is at once consoling and persuasive.

Farewell in the Garden is a Qing dynasty (1644-1911) copy of a parting gift painted by Wen Zhengming (1470-1559) for his student Wang Chong (1494-1533) to mark the occasion of Wang Chong’s visit before he left to write the civil service examination. In addition to this painting, three other versions bearing similar poetic inscriptions exist. These four paintings present an intriguing riddle and oppourtunity to consider copies as works worthy of scholarly attention. The compelling scene of farewell between teacher and student who both failed the examinations numerous times resonated with audiences who empathized with their disappointments. A longing to serve in the government is visible when these paintings are considered in relation to earlier literati art. The sketch-like traces of a ledge that is in all of the copies except Farewell in the Garden, hint to the visual possibility of this scene being situated on a shore. Wen Zhengming, through his subtle lines, alludes to this powerful site of parting which is frequently depicted in literati landscape painting and associated with scholar officials and men of merit. This thesis situates Farewell in the Garden and its copies within the wider tradition of literati painting through the theme of service. Government service, as a Confucian ideal, and as a recurring theme in literati painting, transforms in appearance over time, reflecting political, economic, and philosophical shifts. In the Ming dynasty, the ideal of service is manifest and demonstrated in the continued pursuit to serve in office, and the garden, reminiscent of the locations depicted in literati painting, becomes a suitable setting for this enactment. I argue that this parting scene of Wen Zhengming and Wang Chong came to implicitly represent the commitment to serve in government. The cogent Confucian ideal demonstrated by teacher and student is the unyielding determination to serve, and it is this very sentiment or quality in the copies of the farewell painting – the tenacious endeavour to be of service – that is at once consoling and persuasive.

Farewell in the Garden is a Qing dynasty (1644-1911) copy of a parting gift painted by Wen Zhengming (1470-1559) for his student Wang Chong (1494-1533) to mark the occasion of Wang Chong’s visit before he left to write the civil service examination. In addition to this painting, three other versions bearing similar poetic inscriptions exist. These four paintings present an intriguing riddle and oppourtunity to consider copies as works worthy of scholarly attention. The compelling scene of farewell between teacher and student who both failed the examinations numerous times resonated with audiences who empathized with their disappointments. A longing to serve in the government is visible when these paintings are considered in relation to earlier literati art. The sketch-like traces of a ledge that is in all of the copies except Farewell in the Garden, hint to the visual possibility of this scene being situated on a shore. Wen Zhengming, through his subtle lines, alludes to this powerful site of parting which is frequently depicted in literati landscape painting and associated with scholar officials and men of merit. This thesis situates Farewell in the Garden and its copies within the wider tradition of literati painting through the theme of service. Government service, as a Confucian ideal, and as a recurring theme in literati painting, transforms in appearance over time, reflecting political, economic, and philosophical shifts. In the Ming dynasty, the ideal of service is manifest and demonstrated in the continued pursuit to serve in office, and the garden, reminiscent of the locations depicted in literati painting, becomes a suitable setting for this enactment. I argue that this parting scene of Wen Zhengming and Wang Chong came to implicitly represent the commitment to serve in government. The cogent Confucian ideal demonstrated by teacher and student is the unyielding determination to serve, and it is this very sentiment or quality in the copies of the farewell painting – the tenacious endeavour to be of service – that is at once consoling and persuasive. / Arts, Faculty of / Art History, Visual Art and Theory, Department of / Graduate

The presented diploma thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part deals with modern catting tools for grooving and cutting-off, choice of material of catting inserts, and with types of tool wear and their classification. The second part of the thesis deals with calculation of volumetric wear of catting tool for grooving. There was measured the power load of the new and worn tool in the experimental part and the observed data were evaluated by software. The graphs of power load and volumetric wear of tool were created.

Additive manufacturing has developed radical through the years. Sandvik has invested in the area by building a center specific for additive manufacturing. Due to problems with the material- and product properties and high production costs no products have been used with additive manufacturing method. These aspects have improved over the years and therefore the master thesis was made with an objective: to compare two different produced blades with focus on the aspects of material- and product properties and production costs. One of the blades was produced through additive manufacturing (AM) and the other blade was produced in today’s production at Sandvik Coromant in Gimo. If the blade can be produced through AM there is a possibility to lower the production costs and improve the degree of design freedom. The material that will be used is SS2230 (50CrV4) which are used in conventionally produced blades and 1.2709 which are used in AM produced blades.   The investigation consisted of five different tests (flow rate, pressure force, vibration, fatigue and keyhole wear) and a study on production aspects with focus on value stream mapping, investments and production costs. The main objective in the result was to compare each test between the two different produced blades, not to investigate the optimal value. Therefore, was the test designed to have continuity with as small deviation as possible between the tests. This resulted in choosing values which were not optimal for the blades but focused on continuity and deviation.   The coolant channels flow rate improved with 35% on the AM produced blades but pressure force, fatigue and keyhole wear resistance did not deviate much from conventionally produced blades. Fatigue tests were made twice with two different inserts because the result from the first test differentiated too much from the expected results on both blades. Production costs will be higher with AM but on a long-term may an investment improve the degree of design freedom on a product and a possibility to produce towards costumer (just in time). This will need an expensive investment with a bigger perspective on the timeframe. The value of the product may increase but the production costs will increase too.